Contents [Show]

“There’s something pressing in my chest,” “I need to calm down,” “it’s hard to breathe” - this is how people motivate their decision to take a few drops of Corvalol. And many are accustomed to considering this medicine to be quite safe - it will probably be found in every first aid kit. But what exactly is Corvalol, who can take it, and who is it strictly contraindicated? Only specialists can answer these questions.

Table of contents: Corvalol - instructions for use Composition of Corvalol How Corvalol works Corvalol - indications for use Corvalol - contraindications How to take Corvalol Side effects Overdose Interaction of Corvalol with other drugs Is Corvalol harmful

Corvalol - instructions for use

Before taking any medicine, you should carefully read the official leaflet for it. But who reads these instructions? But even Corvalol, at first glance an absolutely safe drug, has its own indications and contraindications, and can provoke the development of side effects.

Composition of Corvalol

The drug in question is available in the form of drops and tablets, but Corvalol drops are especially popular. They include:

• ethyl bromoisovalerate;
• peppermint oil;
• phenobarbital;
• sodium hydroxide;
• purified water;
• ethanol

The appearance of Corvalol drops is a transparent liquid, without any tint impurities. It has a specific pleasant aroma.

How does Corvalol work?

Considered medicinal product belongs to the group of combined, but all its components are optimally combined with each other, correcting the effect of each.

Ethyl bromizovalerate has sedative and antispasmodic effects. Phenobarbital, in turn, enhances the sedative effect of ethylbromoisovalerate, actively helps reduce the excitability and tension of the central nervous system, makes it possible to have a restful sleep. And peppermint oil has a complex effect on the human body: antispasmodic, choleretic, vasodilating, antiseptic. Therefore, peppermint oil helps to dilate blood vessels in the heart and brain, irritates the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract - this restores intestinal motility and helps cope with increased gas formation.

Corvalol - indications for use

There is a clear designation of those conditions for which it is advisable to use Corvalol. These include:

1. Neurosis-like states - increased irritability, unmotivated outbursts of anger, depressed mood, feeling of anxiety.
2. Functional disorders of cardio-vascular system– Corvalol is especially often recommended for use by people diagnosed with angina, arrhythmia, or tachycardia.
3. Intestinal spasms - for example, with intestinal dysbiosis, diarrhea due to food poisoning.
4. Sleep disorders - insomnia at night and drowsiness during the day, problems falling asleep, frequent awakening.

Corvalol - contraindications

The drug in question is not used in pediatric practice; at least, it cannot definitely be prescribed to children under 3 years of age. In older childhood the question of the advisability of prescribing and using Corvalol should only be decided by a doctor.

No studies have been conducted on the effect of Corvalol on the body of a pregnant woman, during breastfeeding and on the intrauterine development of the fetus. Therefore, a woman is prohibited from taking the drug in question during these periods of life.

It is strictly forbidden to use Corvalol if you have a traumatic brain injury, certain brain diseases (the attending physician should warn you about this), or diagnosed alcoholism.

It is not recommended to use the drug in question if the liver and kidney functions are severely impaired - for example, with renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver. But this issue is resolved on a strictly individual basis.

How to take Corvalol

The dosage, which will have the expected effect and will not cause harm to general health, should be determined only by a specialist and on an individual basis. But the instructions for using Corvalol also contain general recommendations according to its use:

• adults can take 30 drops per dose; if tachycardia is diagnosed and with the approval of a doctor, the dosage can be increased to 40 drops per dose. You can take Corvalol 2-3 times a day;
• Children over 3 years of age are prescribed 1 drop for each year of life once a day. In some cases, repeated administration of Corvalol is allowed, but a doctor must give permission for this.

The duration of the course of treatment is determined only by the doctor and prolonging it independently (“to consolidate the effect”) is strictly prohibited.

Side effects

Despite its apparent simplicity and safety, Corvalol can in some cases cause side effects. These include:

• increased drowsiness;
• constant dizziness;
• the level of concentration decreases;
• heart rate slows down.

Note: if taking Corvalol is carried out long time, then the so-called bromism phenomena may develop - addiction and drug dependence, “withdrawal” syndrome.

If the above side effects (or at least one of them) occur, you should immediately stop taking Corvalol and consult a doctor. Most likely, the treatment regimen will be adjusted or the dosage of the drug in question will be reduced.

Overdose

Cases of overdose with Corvalol are extremely rare, but can occur. Therefore, everyone who uses the drug in question needs to know the first signs of an overdose. These include:

• decline blood pressure;
• nystagmus;
• depression of the central nervous system - apathy, clouding of consciousness;
• rhinitis;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• ataxia;
• violations of movement coordination.

If at least one sign of an overdose appears, use of the drug in question should be stopped immediately and seek help from medical professionals. Usually, doctors prescribe symptomatic therapy for an overdose of Corvalol, and if signs of depression of the central nervous system are already observed, then caffeine and niketamide.

Interaction of Corvalol with other drugs

It is strictly forbidden to use the drug in question if you are already taking any sedatives - they enhance the effect of each other, which can lead to an overdose.

Please note: in Corvalol contains phenobarbital and ethyl alcohol - these are substances that can affect the central nervous system. Therefore, when taking the drug in question, it is not recommended to drive vehicles or engage in work activities that require high concentration of attention.

Is Corvalol harmful?

The debate about how dangerous Corvalol is for human health has been going on relatively recently. Some time ago, many thought that Corvalol would be banned from sale in Russian Federation- it contains both phenobarbital and ethyl alcohol. But this turned out to be just rumors - such combination drugs remain on the market.

However, in most countries, Corvalol cannot be found in pharmacy chains - it has been withdrawn from sale without prescriptions. For example, the USA, Great Britain, Norway, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, Finland and Sweden have not only banned Corvalol for free sale, but also strictly control the transport of this drug across the border into the territory of their countries. Therefore, be extremely careful - if possible, then when visiting the listed countries, replace the drug; if this is not possible, the doctor prescribes it, then make sure you have a document confirming this fact. Otherwise, punishment will follow within the framework of the legislation of a particular country.

“Our population still has a very strong habit of using this drug. Radical measures - a ban on the sale of Corvalol, its withdrawal from consumption - will cause a negative reaction from patients. At the same time, Corvalol will gradually be replaced by other, more modern drugs with proven effectiveness,” the Russian Ministry of Health said in a statement.

Why is Corvalol so dangerous?

Firstly, phenobarbital, which is part of the drug in question, has been included in the group since 2013 psychotropic drugs. To be fair, we need to clarify that in many countries around the world this classification of phenobarbital has been accepted for a very long time.

Secondly, it is phenobarbital that causes rapid and strong addiction - in some cases, 2-3 weeks of taking the drug is enough to develop drug dependence. Moreover, phenobarbital causes not only physical, but also psychological dependence.

Thirdly, after stopping Corvalol, people develop the so-called “withdrawal” syndrome - a depressed state, the patient complains of constant nausea and intense headaches.

Interesting fact: Phenobarbital is used in some countries to carry out the death penalty.

But is there nothing useful in the remedy in question? After all, for a long time, Corvalol was recommended for use by millions of patients and in most cases, the course of therapy with the drug in question did not cause any consequences. Corvalol has one undeniable advantage - it has the fastest and most powerful effect.

If taken in small doses and extremely moderately, Corvalol can quickly, almost instantly, relieve anxiety. In general, the recommended doses of the drug are not dangerous, but the problem is that if you take it constantly, you will need to increase the dosage. The most dangerous thing is that these doses do not just increase each time, but lead to real pleasure: a depressed state and dizziness are replaced by euphoria immediately after taking the required dose.

The popularity of Corvalol is due to the fact that it is a cheap drug, known to everyone since ancient times and has a quick effect, but it should be used only when absolutely necessary or as prescribed by a specialist. If a person experiences any of the side effects listed in this article, or others notice sudden changes mood of someone who periodically uses Corvalol, then it is necessary to urgently seek medical care. The fact is that drug addiction needs to be treated only in specific medical institutions.

Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

Corvalol is a sedative, popular in the countries of the former USSR, but prohibited in Poland, Germany, the USA, Norway, and Lithuania. Prohibitive measures were taken due to the presence of the psychoactive compound phenobarbital in Corvalol, as well as a toxic bromine-containing component.

What makes the drug popular among Russians, who drink an average of 40 train tanks of medicine a year? And today we will talk in more detail about the indications and instructions for using Corvalol drops and tablets, its price, reviews, composition, analogues.

Features of the drug

The combined medicine Corvalol exhibits a sedative, vasodilating effect, is used against insomnia, as a sedative for stress, emotional stress. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation recognized Corvalol as a drug with a low content of psychoactive substances and allowed it to be sold without a prescription, planning in the future to refuse to prescribe this drug to patients, replacing it with more modern medicines.

When using Corvalol, you must remember that this remedy does not treat diseases of the heart or nervous system, but only eliminates the manifestations of the disease.

This video will tell you about the dangers and benefits of Corvalol:

Composition of Corvalol

Active ingredients of the drug Corvalol:

1. ethyl ester of alpha-bromovaleric acid (ethyl bromoisovalerate);
2. phenobarbital;
3. peppermint leaf oil.

Excipients of Corvalol drops are:

• ethanol;
• sodium hydroxide;
• purified water.

Auxiliary components in tablets - betadex, lactose, potato starch, magnesium salts.

Dosage forms

Corvalol is produced in alcohol drops and tablets for lozenges sublingually (under the tongue). The tablets are packaged in blisters of 10, 30 and 50 pieces.

Alcohol drops are packaged in dark glass bottles with a capacity of 15 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml. Alcohol tincture has a strong specific aroma. The average price of Corvalol tincture is:

• for a container of 15 ml - 16 rubles;
• 25 ml – 23 rub.;
• 50 ml – 33 rub.

Prices for Corvalol may vary from 9 to 120 rubles. The cost of 10 tablets of Corvalol is 18 rubles.

pharmachologic effect

Corvalol belongs to the group of sedatives and is a combined drug that exhibits a sedative, antispasmodic, and vasodilator effect that helps normalize sleep.

The video below will talk about both the composition and properties of Corvalol:

Pharmacodynamics

The properties of Corvalol are determined by the total effect of its active components.

• The main active ingredient is ethyl bromizovalerianate. This compound eliminates smooth muscle spasm internal organs, calms and relaxes the nervous system.
• Phenobarbital has the ability to act on the central nervous system, directly relieving excitation nerve centers brain. The calming effect of phenobarbital is less pronounced.
• Peppermint oil, irritating “cold” sensitive nerve endings oral cavity, selectively dilates the blood vessels of the brain, coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle. The oil exhibits choleretic and antiseptic activity and helps eliminate flatulence.

Pharmacokinetics

The action of the drug in tablets begins in the oral cavity. The positive effect of the medicine on the patient’s well-being when the tablet is dissolved under the tongue appears almost instantly.

The effect of Corvalol when taken in the form of drops is noticeable within 10-30 minutes. The duration of action of the medicine when taken in tablets and drops is 6 hours.

Of the active ingredients of Corvalol, the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital have been studied the most. This compound is well absorbed and has the ability to accumulate in the body. The half-life of phenobarbital is 2-4 days. The compound decomposes into simple components in the liver and is excreted by the kidneys in the form of a glucuronide, partially (25%) unchanged.

In old age, with impaired liver function, the half-life of the drug from the body is prolonged. This requires adjustment of the dosage of the drug towards reduction, increasing the intervals between doses of the medication.

We will tell you further what Corvalol helps with and how to take it.

Indications

• Functional disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• sleep disorders;
• neurosis-like conditions;
• initial stages of hypertension, spasms of heart vessels;
• tachycardia;
• intestinal spasms.

Instructions for use

• For adults, Corvalol tablets are prescribed 1 tablet for an attack of tachycardia or spasms of blood vessels. If necessary, the dosage of the drug can be increased to 3 tablets.
• Alcohol tincture of Corvalol is taken with water, 10-30 drops or on a piece of sugar. The maximum single dose of tincture should not exceed 50 drops.

The doctor chooses the treatment regimen individually. The drug is taken no more than 3 times a day, the duration of treatment depends on the patient’s condition and the dynamics of the disease.

According to the instructions, Corvalol is not allowed to be used for treatment under 18 years of age. In acute situations, the doctor may prescribe the child to take the drug at the rate of 1 drop for each year of age.

Children can be given medicine no more than once a day, in the amount of 3-15 drops. Treatment should be supervised by a doctor due to the lack of data on the effect of Corvalol on the children's body.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• age under 18 years;
• pregnancy, lactation;
• lactose intolerance;
• heart disease;
• renal, liver failure.

Corvalol is not approved during pregnancy due to the ability of its phenobarbital component to penetrate the placental barrier and have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. Taking medication during pregnancy can provoke the appearance of congenital anatomical deformities and disruption of the formation of internal organs.

Side effects

The most dangerous side effect of Corvalol is psychological addiction to phenobarbital. And, if physical dependence on phenobarbital is weakly expressed, then mental dependence forms quickly.

Mental dependence forces you to take the treasured bottle with you everywhere, in all difficult situations to resort to its magical calming effect, simultaneously increasing the concentration of bromine contained in ethyl bromoisovalerate in the body.

Signs of bromine poisoning include:

• inhibition of central nervous system functions;
• tendency to depression;
• confusion;
• lack of coordination.

Taking Corvalol can cause side effects from:

• nervous system – inability to concentrate, dizziness, drowsiness;
• cardiovascular system – bradycardia;
• digestive system– nausea, vomiting, stomach pain.

special instructions

The drug cannot be combined with alcohol consumption, mainly due to the presence of phenobarbital in its composition. This component is destroyed in the liver, like alcohol, which leads to increased stress on it.

Phenobarbital, which is part of Corvalol, has the property of enhancing the effect of sedatives. Combine Corvalol with caution with sleeping pills and analgesic drugs; it is not recommended to take the drug with drugs that metabolize in the liver - hormonal drugs, antibiotics, contraception.

Overdose

Exceeding the dose of Corvalol is accompanied by a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, and inhibition of brain activity. If the symptoms of an overdose of Corvalol do not go away after discontinuation of the drug, the patient's stomach is washed, called " ambulance».

At severe conditions possible:

• neuromuscular disorder of muscle coordination - ataxia;
• irregular heartbeat, increased heart rate;
• a sharp drop in blood pressure;
• loss of consciousness, coma.

Long-term use of the drug can cause dependence, and if treatment with Corvalol is discontinued, it can cause withdrawal syndrome.

Reviews

• More than 90% of consumers who have resorted to treatment with Corvalol note its calming effect on the nervous system, the ability to normalize sleep, and calm a strong heartbeat.
• Negative reviews include the presence of alcohol in the drops and the possibility of addiction to phenobarbital and ethyl alcohol. The reality of this threat is manifested in the gradual increase in the dose of the drug.
• Almost always starting with a small dose of 10-15 drops, patients gradually increase a single dose of Corvalol to 60 drops, which indicates an increase in tolerance to the drug and indicates the formation of a real drug addiction.

Analogs

Analogs of Corvalol include Valocordin, Valecard-Zdorovye, Corvaldin, Reladorm.

This video will tell you about the drug properties of Corvalol:

A drug that has a complex effect on the body, sedative (calming), vasodilator and antispasmodic, is Corvalol. The instructions for use note it as a remedy that helps alleviate a person’s condition in case of sudden heart problems that arise against the background of a disorder of the nervous system and stress.

Release form

Corvalol is available in the form of drops in dropper bottles of 15 ml, 25 ml and 50 ml, and round tablets white or almost white, 10, 30, 50 pieces per package.

The drops contain:

• alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester – 2%;
• phenobarbital – about 2%;
• peppermint oil – 1.14%.

Auxiliary components:

• caustic soda (sodium hydroxide);
• alcohol-water mixture - ethyl alcohol and distilled water.

1 tablet contains:

• alphabromisiovaleric acid ethyl ester – 8.2 mg;
• phenobarbital – 7.5 mg;
• peppermint oil – 0.58 mg.

Auxiliary components in tablets:

• beta-cyclodextrin – 55.6 mg;
• potato starch – 13 mg;
• lactose monohydrate – 43.8 mg;
• microcrystalline cellulose – 10.5 mg,
• magnesium stearate – 0.9 mg.

Pharmacological properties and effect of the drug

The main effect of the medication is aimed at reducing excitation processes in the central nervous system, eliminating muscle spasms on the walls of blood vessels, making it easier to fall asleep. Therefore, the drug is mainly used for functional disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. As part of complex therapy, Corvalol can be used as an adjuvant for various diseases heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract.

Pharmacological properties of Corvalol depend on active substances which are included in it:

• Ethyl ester of alpha-bromoisovaleric acid, in addition to its calming effect, relieves spasms of the smooth muscles of blood vessels and internal organs.
• Phenobarbital has a hypnotic effect. In a minimal dosage, it acts as a mild sedative, slightly dilating blood vessels.
• Peppermint oil, acting on certain receptors, dilates blood vessels and even has a choleretic effect. It is a mild anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic agent.

Indications for use

At present, filled with stressful situations, the primary medicine that is present in every home is Corvalol. Indications for the use of this sedative are as follows:

• irritability;
• vegetative lability;
• insomnia;
• hypochondriacal syndrome;
• functional nervous disorders.

As a vasodilator, the drug is used in complex therapy for:

• atherosclerosis;
• cardialgia;
• sinus tachycardia;
• coronary heart disease;
• arterial hypertension.

The antispasmodic properties of this remedy help with:

• vegetative-vascular dystonia,
• diseases of the digestive system accompanied by spasms (intestinal and biliary colic).

How to use

Adults take Corvalol half an hour before meals, 15 to 30 drops diluted in a small amount (50 ml) of water. The same number of drops can be applied to a piece of sugar and taken in this form 2-3 times a day. If the cause of concern is associated with a strong heartbeat (tachycardia), then you can increase the dosage by taking 40-50 drops.

Tablets are taken orally, 1-2 pieces 2-3 times a day, with water or sublingually (under the tongue). For tachycardia, you can take 3 tablets at a time.

When taking the medicine sublingually, its absorption begins in the sublingual area and positive effect appears almost instantly.

The period of use of the drug is determined by the doctor, based on the data of the clinical effect and individual tolerability of the drug.

Corvalol for children

Doctors do not have a consensus on this matter. Some doctors believe that children can be given from 3 to 15 drops per day, but only on the advice of the attending physician.

Others argue that Corvalol is not prescribed to children under 18 years of age.

special instructions

Alcohol is prohibited while using Corvalol.

This drug is tolerated well by most people, but it is not recommended to take it for a long time, due to a decrease in the therapeutic effect upon addiction, and at high doses in combination with prolonged use, drug dependence may occur, which can cause withdrawal syndrome if you stop taking it.

It should also be taken into account that joint use medications with others medications with a calming effect significantly enhances its effect.

The drug should be taken with caution in case of arterial hypotension.

Pregnancy and lactation

When breastfeeding a child, the medication is prohibited, but if a decision is made in favor of using Corvalol, then it is necessary to stop breastfeeding for this period.

The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy. If necessary and in consultation with your doctor, you can use soothing herbal teas or medications such as Novo-Passit or Persen.

Contraindications

This sedative should not be taken in case of severe liver and kidney failure, glucose-galactose malabsorption, lactose intolerance, hypersensitivity to its components, pregnant women and nursing mothers (see above).

Interaction with other medications:

• the effect of Corvalol is enhanced by drugs of a central inhibitory type of action;
• the main active ingredient phenobarbital increases the activity of liver enzymes, and therefore simultaneous use of Corvalol with drugs that undergo biochemical transformations in the liver (for example, oral contraceptives, griseofulvin, drugs with coumarin derivatives, GCS) is not advisable;
• the described drug can enhance the effect of taking sleeping pills and painkillers (due to the content of barbituric acid derivatives in Corvalol);
• Corvalol enhances the effects of Valproic acid (an anticonvulsant);
• when taking Corvalol together with the antitumor drug Methotrexate, its toxicity increases;
• alcohol increases the toxicity of the drug and enhances its effects.

Side effects and overdose

The drug is well tolerated by most people, but negative reactions from the body still occur when taking Corvalol. Instructions for use indicate that slight dizziness, decreased concentration, a feeling of drowsiness, short-term diarrhea, and skin allergies may occur.

But excessive use of the medicine (overdose) can cause serious harm to health. The fact is that Corvalol contains a bromine-containing substance, which, when taken frequently, causes the accumulation of bromine in the body and the corresponding symptoms: apathy, depression, lacrimation, impaired motor coordination, rhinitis, conjunctivitis. Symptoms of overdose include: depression of the central nervous system, nystagmus (oscillatory eye movements with high frequency), ataxia (impaired motor skills), decreased blood pressure, agitation, dizziness, weakness.

If overdose symptoms occur, you must stop taking the drug, rinse your stomach, and further treatment is symptomatic.

How to replace Corvalol - analogues

Analogues of the drug by mechanism of action include:

• Adonis-bromine;
• Barboval;
• Valecard-health;
• Valemidin;
• Valocordin;
• Valoserdin;
• Darvilol;
• Lily of the valley-valerian drops;
• Drops of lily of the valley-motherwort;
• Corvaldin;
• Corvaltab;
• Hawthorn tincture;
• motherwort tincture
• Reladorm.

Structural analogues of the active substance: Corvalol-MFF.

Storage conditions and shelf life

The drug must be stored out of the reach of children, protected from light, at a temperature of 15 to 25°C.
The shelf life is 2.5 years, it must be indicated on the label. After the expiration date, the medicine cannot be taken.
Available in pharmacies without a prescription.

Corvalol is a sedative that has been proven over the years and suppresses stress, nervousness, and anxiety. When used correctly, it will always help you survive hardships. modern life. Be healthy!

The drug "Corvalol" (indications for the use of this drug will be discussed a little further) is a sedative, calming drug. You will learn about the conditions under which it should be used and other information from the materials in the presented article.

Composition of the drug

This product is made on the basis of ethyl ester of alpha-bromoisovaleric acid, menthol and phenobarbital. As for the excipients, these include the following: beta-cyclodextrin, potato starch, tabletose, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.

Release forms

Why is the drug "Corvalol" prescribed? Indications for the use of this product, its principle of action and side effects will be described in detail in the following sections of the article. Now we will talk about the forms in which this product is produced. In pharmacy chains, the medicine "Corvalol" can be purchased in the form of drops. In addition, this drug is sold in tablets for oral and sublingual use.

pharmachologic effect

The drug "Corvalol" is a combination drug, the effect of which is determined by the properties of its constituent components. It has a reflex vasodilating (that is, dilates blood vessels), antispasmodic and calming effect, and also greatly improves the natural onset of sleep. To understand how the presented medication works, let’s consider the pharmacodynamics of its active components:

• Phenobarbital facilitates the onset of sleep, significantly enhances the sedative effect of other substances and helps reduce the excitability of the central nervous system.
• Ethyl ester of alpha-bromoisovaleric acid, similar to the effect of valerian, has an antispasmodic and sedative effect.
• Peppermint oil has an antispasmodic and reflex-vasodilating effect.

Physical properties of the drug

The drug "Corvalol" in the form of drops is available in dark glass jars with a dispenser attachment, inside of which there is a clear, colorless liquid in an amount of 25, 30 or 50 ml with a specific odor. As for a similar medication, but only in the form of white tablets, it is placed in a cardboard package of 20 pieces.

Medicine "Corvalol": indications for use

This drug is used as a vasodilator, sedative and antispasmodic in the following pathological conditions:

• insomnia or difficulty falling asleep;
• hypochondriacal syndrome;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system (for example, with such deviations as sinus tachycardia, cardialgia and high blood pressure);
• vegetative lability;
• spasms of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract (for example, with biliary and intestinal colic);
• neurotic states;
• irritability.

Contraindications to the use of the product

According to the instructions, the drug "Corvalol" is not recommended to be prescribed for such abnormalities as severe hepatic and renal failure, during lactation and with increased sensitivity to the active ingredients of the drug.

Instructions for use of the drug

The soothing medication Corvalol should be taken orally before meals in the amount of 15-30 drops three times a day. Before direct use, this drug must be dissolved in 30-50 ml of ordinary drinking water. According to the instructions, a single dose of this remedy for vascular spasms and tachycardia can be increased to 30-40 drops. The medicine "Corvalol" for children is usually prescribed in the amount of 3-15 drops per 3 large spoons of cooled boiling water. The duration of treatment with this drug in each individual case is determined individually and only by the attending physician. As for the medicine in tablets, it should be taken 1 or 2 pieces before eating three times a day. For tachycardia, this drug can be taken in an amount of 3 pieces at a time.

Use with caution

This product should be used with extreme caution in the following cases:

• during the period of bearing a child;
• while driving a vehicle;
• when operating any mechanisms;
• during activities that require concentration and reaction speed.

Other uses

Many representatives of the fair sex use the drug “Corvalol” for acne. To do this, you need to soak a cotton pad in the medicine and then wipe the affected areas of the skin. Due to the fact that the product contains essential oils, it helps reduce inflammation and kill existing bacteria. After such treatment, you must wait until the medicine is completely absorbed, and then apply a soft and moisturizing cream to the skin.

Side effects

The use of Corvalol in some patients may cause a decrease in heart rate, dizziness, allergic reactions, drowsiness and loss of concentration. Long-term therapy with this drug (especially in large doses) quite often leads to addiction, bromism, dependence and withdrawal syndrome.

Drug overdose

If you exceed the prescribed dose of this drug, the patient may experience symptoms of depression of the nervous system. In addition, an overdose of Corvalol threatens a decrease in blood pressure, ataxia, nystagmus, chronic poisoning bromine, as well as rhinitis, hemorrhagic diathesis, depression, impaired motor coordination, apathy and the appearance of conjunctivitis. In such cases, the patient is prescribed symptomatic therapy. When the nervous system is depressed, Caffeine and Niketamide are prescribed.

Popularity of the product

Due to its availability and low cost, the drug Corvalol (indications for use were described above) is actively used as an anti-anxiety and sedative. Very often it is prescribed to patients with depressive disorders. But when used regularly in large doses, such a medication can cause serious cognitive and neurological disorders(for example, short-term memory disorder, unsteady gait, speech impairment, etc.), as well as suppress sexual function. Pharmaceutical product Corvalol causes withdrawal symptoms and tolerance. In such cases, the patient must be referred to a psychiatrist and narcologist. In medical practice, there have been situations when a patient was hospitalized in the toxicology department with phenobarbital poisoning (after taking 125 ml of the drug for 3 days).

General information about the drug

The drug "Corvalol" is practically unknown and is not used outside the countries of the former USSR and of Eastern Europe. However, in some Western European countries its German analogue, Valocordin, is available to consumers. It should be especially noted that in some countries the active components of this drug are classified as drugs that are prohibited for sale and import. In particular, the drug “Corvalol” is strictly prohibited from being transported to the United States of America and Lithuania. In Poland, there is a similar drug “Milocardin”, with phenobarbital included in it. In accordance with Decree No. 681 of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1998 this component included in the list of psychotropic substances. As you know, their turnover in our country is limited.

1 ml of solution (26 drops) contains:

active substances - ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid in terms of 100% substance 20 mg, phenobarbital 18.26 mg, peppermint oil 1.42 mg;

Excipients: stabilizer, ethanol (96%), purified water.

Description

Transparent colorless liquid with a specific odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Sleeping pills and sedatives. Barbiturates in combination with other drugs.

ATC code N05CB02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, absorption begins in the sublingual area, the bioavailability of the components is high (about 60-80%). The effect develops especially quickly (after 5-10 minutes) when held in the mouth (sublingual absorption) or taken on a piece of sugar. The action develops after 15-45 minutes and lasts for 3-6 hours. In individuals who have previously taken barbituric acid preparations, the duration of action is reduced due to accelerated metabolism of phenobarbital in the liver, where barbiturates cause enzyme induction. In elderly people and in patients with liver cirrhosis, the metabolism of Corvalol® is reduced, so their half-life is prolonged, which requires the need to reduce the dose and lengthen the intervals between doses of the drug.

Pharmacodynamics

Corvalol® – soothing and antispasmodic drug, the action of which is determined by the components included in its composition.

Ethyl ester of α-bromoisovaleric acid has a reflex sedative and antispasmodic effect, caused primarily by irritation of the receptors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, a decrease in reflex excitability in central departments nervous system and increased inhibition in the neurons of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain, as well as a decrease in the activity of central vasomotor centers and a direct local antispasmodic effect on vascular smooth muscle.

Phenobarbital suppresses the activating influence of the centers of the reticular formation of the middle and medulla oblongata on the bark cerebral hemispheres, thereby reducing the flow of exciting influences on the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. A decrease in activating influences causes, depending on the dose, sedative, tranquilizing or hypnotic effects. Corvalol® reduces the stimulating effects on the vasomotor centers, coronary and peripheral vessels, lowering total blood pressure, relieving and preventing vascular spasms, especially cardiac ones.

Peppermint oil contains a large number of essential oils, including about 50% menthol and 4-9% menthol esters. They are able to irritate the “cold” receptors of the oral cavity and reflexively dilate mainly the vessels of the heart and brain, relieving spasms of smooth muscles, causing a calming and mild choleretic effect. Peppermint oil has an antiseptic, antispasmodic effect, and the ability to eliminate flatulence. By irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, it enhances intestinal motility.

Indications for use

Neuroses with increased irritability

Insomnia

Vegetovascular dystonia

For functional disorders of the cardiovascular system (including tachycardia)

Intestinal spasms (as an antispasmodic)

Directions for use and doses

Corvalol® is taken orally, regardless of meals, 2-3 times a day, 15-30 drops with water (30-50 ml) or on a piece of sugar. If necessary (severe tachycardia), the single dose can be increased to 40-50 drops.

The duration of use of the drug is determined by the doctor depending on the clinical effect and tolerability of the drug.

Side effects

Discomfort in the stomach and intestines, nausea

Drowsiness, dizziness, decreased concentration

Allergic reactions

Slow heart rate

These phenomena are eliminated by reducing the dose.

With long-term use, dependence on the drug, withdrawal syndrome and bromism phenomena (suppression of the central nervous system, depression, apathy, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, acne, hemorrhagic diathesis, impaired coordination, confusion) are possible.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, bromine

Severe liver and/or kidney dysfunction

Hepatic porphyria

Alcoholism

Traumatic brain injury or brain disease

Severe heart failure

Pregnancy and lactation

Children under 15 years old

Drug interactions

Drugs with central inhibitory action enhance the effect of Corvalol®. The presence of phenobarbital in the drug may induce liver enzymes, and this makes its simultaneous use with medications that are metabolized in the liver (coumarin derivatives, griseofulvin, glucocorticoids, oral contraception), since their effectiveness will decrease as a result of more high level metabolism. Corvalol® enhances the effect of local anesthetics, analgesics and hypnotics, this is due to the content of barbituric acid derivatives.

When used simultaneously with valproic acid, its effect is enhanced.

When used simultaneously with methotrexate, its toxic effect increases.

Alcohol enhances the effect of the drug and its toxicity.

special instructions

The simultaneous consumption of alcoholic beverages should be avoided.

The drug should be prescribed with caution in case of arterial hypotension.

Use in pediatrics

There is no experience of use for the treatment of children.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

Do not use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles or potentially dangerous mechanisms

The drug contains 58 vol.% alcohol, as well as phenobarbital, which can cause impairment of coordination and speed of psychomotor reactions, so when taking the drug you should refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

When taking the drug Corvalol, instructions for use are necessary for mandatory study in order to determine possible action medications specifically for your body. High blood pressure usually develops over many years and eventually affects almost all people. After discovery high pressure control is possible with the help of doctors.

general characteristics

Corvalol is very useful drug, which dilates blood vessels, relieves convulsions of the venous vasculature and reduces pressure.

The role of neuropathic herbs that act as a complement to lowering high blood pressure is very high: chamomile, mint, anise and hibiscus. Corvalol contains these herbs in its ingredients.

At what pressure is Corvalol needed? They can mainly be taken for high blood pressure and rapid heartbeat and to calm the nervous system.

Sleep disorders, including cases of stress and psychological pressure, and stress - negatively affects life and imbalances arise in daily life.

Corvalol inhibits the action of adrenaline and slows the heartbeat and reduces the force of its contraction. Corvalol also relaxes blood vessels, increasing blood flow and lowering blood pressure.

For what symptoms should Corvalol be taken?

Corvalol lowers blood pressure by preventing the brain from transmitting nerve cells to the nervous system, which accelerate the heartbeat and constriction of blood vessels, thins the blood vessels by directly acting on the walls of blood vessels, preventing muscle contraction, and as a result of this prevention, the heart pumps less into the blood and facilitates blood flow in blood vessels.

More often symptoms of high blood pressure are:

• Mild headaches.
• Dizziness.
• Bleeding from the nose.

Corvalol interferes with the sensory cortex, reduces heart activity and causes feelings of dizziness, drowsiness and hypnosis and acts as a convulsant when used in high doses. The treatment causes psychological and physical trauma, treatment is only considered by a specialist and is not recommended for long periods of time. The purpose of the drug Corvalol is purely individual and treats differently.

What doctors say about hypertension

Doctor medical sciences, Professor Emelyanov G.V.:

I have been treating hypertension for many years. According to statistics, in 89% of cases, hypertension results in a heart attack or stroke and death. Currently, approximately two thirds of patients die within the first 5 years of disease progression.

The next fact is that it is possible and necessary to reduce blood pressure, but this does not cure the disease itself. The only medicine that is officially recommended by the Ministry of Health for the treatment of hypertension and is also used by cardiologists in their work is. The drug acts on the cause of the disease, making it possible to completely get rid of hypertension. In addition, within the framework of the federal program, every resident of the Russian Federation can receive it FOR FREE.

Pharmacological properties and composition of the drug

Corvalol is known for its calming properties and is used for stress and nervousness.

Calming effect, calms the nervous system, reduces its excitability, reduces irritability, anxiety and excitement.

Increase bile secretion and promote its release into the gastrointestinal tract intestinal tract. Dilute blood vessels, relieve cramps, reduce blood pressure, have a positive antihypertensive effect and dilate coronary vessels in the cardiovascular system - this is Corvalol's main goal.

Composition of the drug Corvalol:

Important! An agronomist from Barnaul with 8 years of experience in hypertension found an old recipe, set up production and released a product that will once and for all relieve you of blood pressure problems...

Release form

• Drops.
• Pills.
• Tincture.

Indications for use

Indications for use and medicinal properties medicines Corvalol:

• Insomnia, anxiety.
• Menopause.
• Stress, irritability, mood changes and hypersensitivity.
• Anxiety, lack of attention and inability to concentrate.
• Nervous cough and spasmodic cough.
• Tension in the abdomen with indigestion, lack of appetite and pain or cramping in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Irritable bowel syndrome.
• Palpitations and high blood pressure.
• Phlebeurysm.
• Headache and migraine.

The main property of the drug Corvalol is to provide sedation.

Dosage

Always use after meals. As a sedative, how much dosage is needed? The medicine helps if you dilute 15 - 30 drops in a glass of water and drink it. Maximum dose- 40 - 50 drops.

Never use Corvalol for more than 3 weeks due to addiction.

Contraindications and side effects of Corvalol:

• Skin irritation.
• Avoid use during pregnancy.
• Do not use during breastfeeding.
• Avoid using Corvalol in combination with alcohol and sleeping pills.
• Medications and antidepressants.
• Do not use while driving.
• Chronic enteritis.
• Individual sensitivity to the components of Corvalol.
• Drowsiness, lethargy.

Because Corvalol increases blood clotting, elderly patients should take it with caution, especially when at risk of heart attack or stroke.

It is also necessary to take into account the negative reactions observed when using Corvalol: drowsiness, depression, low efficiency, in case of prolonged use - constipation, and sometimes hypersensitivity.

Corvalol is strictly contraindicated for intestinal inflammation, it causes aggravation, and with high blood pressure it can disrupt sleep.

Decreased sodium levels in the blood, increased potassium levels (potassium-sparing diuretics), increased urination, weakness, dizziness, and dehydration can lead to impotence.

Video

Overdose

An overdose of Corvalol leads to:

• Nausea.
• Cramps.
• Anxiety.
• Nervousness.
• Headache.
• Insomnia.
• Adversely affects the digestive system.
• Addiction.
• Apathy, lethargy.

Corvalol for children

Do not use in children under 3 years of age. Corvalol is allowed for children after 3 years of age and is used in small doses, which are calculated by the doctor depending on the weight and age of the child. Overdose can lead to lethargy.

Interaction of Corvalol with other drugs

When taking Corvalol with other medications or products at the same time, side effects are possible. This may increase the risk of side effects or the medicine may not work properly. Tell your doctor about all the medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you use so your doctor can help prevent or manage drug interactions.

Corvalol may interact with:

• Antihistamines.
• Barbiturates.
• Benzodiazepines.
• Ethanol.
• Opiates.

Analogues of Corvalol

• Noobut ​​IC.
• Piracetam.
• Neurovitan.
• Glycised.
• Alora.
• Korvaltab.
• Phenibut.
• Quatrex.
• Corvalment.

Price for Corvalol

In Ukraine:

In Russia:

Corvalol in the form of release - tablets and drops - has a sedative, antiseptic, choleretic, vasodilating effect. The active component is phenobarbital, which irritates the cold receptors of the oral mucosa and gastrointestinal tract, dilates the blood vessels of the heart and brain, eliminates signs of flatulence, and enhances intestinal peristalsis.

Like any medicine, Corvalol has side effects, despite being sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. Before using the tincture, it is important to read the instructions, take into account the indications, contraindications and side effects. It is best to consult your doctor first.

Side effects of Corvalol

The composition (drops, tablets) of Corvalol contains phenobarbital, which forms mental dependence if taken constantly and in large doses. In particular, the active ingredient is bromine, which in case of overdose leads to:

• confusion;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• tendency to depression, panic attacks;
• inhibition of central nervous system function;
• dizziness;
• drowsiness;
• bradycardia;
• nausea, vomiting;
• stomach pain;
• slowing heart rate;
• allergies, skin rashes;
• bowel disorder.

It is phenobarbital that is addictive due to constant, long-term use, so the effect as a sleeping pill will gradually decrease. But withdrawal syndrome in case of abrupt cessation of taking the drug may well lead to overexcitation, hallucinations, and excessive anxiety.

Long-term treatment with Corvalol leads not only to addiction, but also to the accumulation of metabolites in the body, the development of hypotension, and pulse disturbances, when in severe cases resuscitation and disinfection intoxication therapy are no longer necessary.

REFERENCE! Corvalol can sharply lower blood pressure, which is dangerous for hypertensive patients suffering from high performance HELL. It is not recommended to take the medicine together with other antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, or steroid drugs. The effect may be unexpected and unfortunate.

Taking Corvalol with alcohol is incompatible, which will lead to toxic effects on the body, accumulation of ethanol in the blood, and side effects.

Side effects in children

According to the instructions, the use of the drug by children under 18 years of age is prohibited. Only in extreme cases is it possible for the attending physician to prescribe no more than 15 drops once a day, taking into account the weight and age of the child. In this case, the treatment process must be carried out under full control in order to avoid the negative impact of the alcohol-containing composition on the fragile child’s body.

It is forbidden for pregnant women to take Corvalol during lactation. The active component can have a teratogenic effect on the fetus and lead to congenital anomalies in the structure of internal organs and deformity of anatomical structures in infants at birth.

The medicine can have a negative impact on the development of the child and lead to suppression of the nervous system. In a baby in the first days of life, it can provoke increased bleeding.

If a pregnant mother abuses this drug in the 3rd trimester, then convulsions and excessive excitability in infants may occur in the first weeks of life. Women in an interesting situation are not recommended to take Corvalol in order to calm their nerves and it is better to give preference to other, safer and more effective sedatives.

Main side effects in children:

• excessive excitability;
• convulsions;
• bleeding;
• deterioration of blood clotting due to phenobarbital suppression of the nervous system.

Indications for use

Corvalol is a vasodilator, sedative and sedative. However, it cannot be considered a medicine, because it is impossible to cure any internal disease with just one drug. Corvalol helps minimize nervous disorders, but will not relieve renal colic, insomnia, and heart disease (myocardial infarction, angina). These are cheap drops indicated for use to minimize unpleasant symptoms or aid in addition to the main treatment. Main indications for use:

• increased heart rate;
• signs of tachycardia;
• insomnia;
• spasms of coronary vessels;
• irritability;
• hypertension at the initial stage;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia for the purpose of complex therapy;
• spasms in the intestines.

The drug will help you quickly calm down and fall asleep, but will not relieve severe neuroses or progressive depression.

IMPORTANT! Corvalol is not a cure for heart disease and will not help hypertensive patients normalize their blood pressure. The remedy can have only a temporary effect when discomfort appears in the heart area. This medicine is not prescribed as a drug for the treatment of diseases, therefore it is not recommended to abuse dosages and frequency of use.

Contraindications to the use of Corvalol

The drug is contraindicated if:

• low blood pressure;
• heart failure;
• heart disease;
• impaired renal and liver function;
• individual intolerance;
• allergy to lactose;
• epilepsy;
• traumatic brain injury;
• convulsive syndrome;
• alcohol addiction;
• diabetes.

It is not advisable to take the medicine for children under 18 years of age and for pregnant women in the 1st trimester up to 12-14 weeks and in later stages. Also during lactation.

IMPORTANT! In case of heart failure, the medicine can cause myocardial infarction, so for hypertensive patients it is better to choose other drugs for treatment on the recommendation of a doctor.

Actions in case of overdose

If you still cannot avoid an overdose of Corvalol, then it is important to be able to provide timely first aid and eliminate signs of intoxication and remove toxic substances from the body. This means that you need to rinse your stomach, drink 2-3 glasses of clean water, take a sorbent (Smecta, Enterosgel, Filtrum, Activated carbon). You can press on the root of the tongue, thereby causing a gag reflex.

The main thing is to quickly remove excess Corvalol from the body. If lethargic sleep, coma, or convulsions occur, you should call an ambulance immediately.

Doctors evaluate cases of overdose as mild, moderate, or severe. If mild signs of poisoning appear: drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, apathy, headache and lethargy, it is important to stop taking the drug in time. If the patient continues to take Corvalol in increased doses, the condition may transition to moderate severity with the appearance of muscle spasms, convulsions, and vascular collapse. If poisoning progresses to a severe stage, the patient may fall into a coma, when there is a threat of death and if timely treatment is not provided emergency assistance, then everything could end badly.

INSTRUCTIONS

on medical use of the drug

Drops Corvalol

Composition of the drug:

active ingredients: ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid, phenobarbital, mint oil;

1 ml (26 drops) contains ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid in terms of 100% substance 20 mg, phenobarbital 18.26 mg, peppermint oil 1.42 mg;

Excipients: stabilizer, ethanol (96%), purified water.

Dosage form. Drops for oral use. Transparent colorless liquid with a specific odor.

Manufacturer's name and location.

JSC "Farmak"

Ukraine, 04080, Kyiv, st. Frunze, 63.

Pharmacotherapeutic group. Sleeping pills and sedatives. Combination drugs barbiturates. ATS code N05C B 02.

Corvalol drops are a sedative and antispasmodic, the effect of which is determined by the components included in its composition.

Ethyl ester of α-bromoisovaleric acid has a reflex calming and antispasmodic effect, caused by irritation mainly of the receptors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, a decrease in reflex excitability in the central parts of the nervous system, increased inhibition in the neurons of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain, as well as a decrease in the activity of the central vasomotor centers and direct local antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle vessels.

Phenobarbital suppresses the activating influences of the centers of the reticular formation of the midbrain and medulla oblongata on the cerebral cortex, thereby reducing the flow of exciting influences on the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. A decrease in activating influences causes, depending on the dose, sedative, tranquilizing or hypnotic effects. Corvalol drops reduce the stimulating effects on the vascular motor centers, coronary and peripheral vessels, lowering total blood pressure, relieving and preventing vascular spasms, especially cardiac ones.

Peppermint oil contains a large amount of essential oils, including approximately 50% menthol and 4-9% menthol esters. They are able to irritate the “cold” receptors of the oral cavity and reflexively dilate mainly the vessels of the heart and brain, relieving spasms of smooth muscles, causing a calming and mild choleretic effect. Peppermint oil has antiseptic and antispasmodic effects, and the ability to eliminate flatulence. By irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, it enhances intestinal motility.

When taken orally, absorption begins in the sublingual area, the bioavailability of the components is high (approximately 60-80%). The effect develops especially quickly (after 5-10 minutes) when held in the mouth (sublingual absorption) or taken on a piece of sugar. The action develops after 15-45 minutes and lasts 3-6 hours. In individuals who have previously taken barbituric acid preparations, the duration of action is shortened due to accelerated metabolism of phenobarbital in the liver, where barbiturates cause enzyme induction. In elderly people and in patients with liver cirrhosis, the metabolism of Corvalol is reduced, so their half-life increases, which requires the need to reduce the dose and lengthen the intervals between doses of the drug.

Indications

Neuroses with increased irritability;

Insomnia;

In complex therapy hypertension and vegetative-vascular dystonia;

Mild spasms of the coronary vessels, tachycardia;

Intestinal spasms (as an antispasmodic drug).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, bromine;

Severe liver and/or kidney dysfunction;

Hepatic porphyria;

Severe heart failure;

Pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Appropriate safety precautions for use.

The simultaneous consumption of alcoholic beverages should be avoided.

Use with caution in case of arterial hypotension.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Do not use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The ability to influence the reaction speed when driving vehicles or other mechanisms.

The drug contains 58 vol. % Alcohol, as well as phenobarbital, which can cause impairment of coordination and speed of psychomotor reactions, so when taking the drug, people who work with machinery, drivers of vehicles, etc. should be careful.

Children. There is no experience of use in children.

Method of administration and dose.

Corvalol drops are taken orally, regardless of meals, 2-3 times a day, 15-30 drops with water or on a piece of sugar. If necessary (severe tachycardia and spasm of coronary vessels), the single dose can be increased to 40-50 drops.

The duration of use of the drug is determined by the doctor depending on the clinical effect and tolerability of the drug.

Overdose.

Overdose is possible with frequent or long-term use, which is associated with the accumulation of its components. Long-term and constant use can cause dependence, withdrawal syndrome, and psychomotor agitation. Sudden cessation of use may cause withdrawal symptoms.

Symptoms of overdose: central nervous system depression, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, even deep sleep. In severe cases of poisoning - respiratory failure, tachycardia, arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure, collapse, coma.

Treatment is symptomatic.

Side effects.

Corvalol drops are generally well tolerated. In some cases, the following side effects may occur:

- from the digestive system: discomfort in the stomach and intestines, nausea;

- from the nervous system: drowsiness, dizziness, decreased concentration;

- from the outside immune system: allergic reactions;

- from the cardiovascular system: slowing heart rate.

These manifestations are eliminated by reducing the dose.

With prolonged use, dependence on the drug and bromism may occur. Symptoms: depression of the central nervous system, depression, apathy, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, acne, hemorrhagic diathesis, loss of coordination, confusion.

Interaction with other drugs and other types of interactions.

Drugs with central inhibitory action enhance the effect of Corvalol. The presence of phenobarbital in the drug may induce liver enzymes, and this makes its simultaneous use with medications that are metabolized in the liver (coumarin derivatives, griseofulvin, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives) undesirable, since their effectiveness will be reduced as a result of a higher level of metabolism. Corvalol enhances the effect of local anesthetics, painkillers and hypnotics, this is due to the content of barbituric acid derivatives.

When used simultaneously with valproic acid, its effect is enhanced.

When used simultaneously with methotrexate, the toxicity of the latter increases.

Alcohol enhances the effect of the drug and also increases its toxicity.

Best before date. 2 years and 6 months.

Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.

Storage conditions.

In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Package.

25 ml in a bottle included in a pack.