Phenobarbital. Pharmacological action, release form, analogues

International name: Belladonna alkaloids+Phenobarbital+Ergotamine

Dosage form: tablets, film-coated tablets

pharmachologic effect: Bellataminal - combination drug, which has a sedative and some antispasmodic effect. Reduces the excitability of the central and peripheral adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the body.

Indications: Neuroses, especially with manifestations of neurovegetative symptoms, menopause, insomnia, atopic dermatitis, diffuse neurodermatitis, as part of complex therapy for concussion.

Valocordin

International name:

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Valocordin is a combination drug. Alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester is a sedative, mild hypnotic and antispasmodic...

Indications:

Valordin

International name: Peppermint oil+Phenobarbital+Hop cones oil+Ethyl bromizovalerionate (Menthae piperitae oleum+Phenobarbital+Humuli lupuli cones oleum+Ethylbromizovalerionate)

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Valordin is a combination drug. Alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester is a sedative, mild hypnotic and antispasmodic...

Indications: Vasomotor disorders, neurosis, irritability, anxiety, coronary spasm (mildly expressed), ischemic heart disease, tachycardia, insomnia, arterial hypertension (early stages), cardialgia.

Valoserdin

International name: Oregano oil+Peppermint oil+Phenobarbital+Ethylbromizovalerionate (Origani herba+Menthae piperitae oleum+Phenobarbital+Ethylbromizovalerionate)

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Valoserdin is a combination drug. Alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester is a sedative, mild hypnotic and antispasmodic...

Indications: Vasomotor disorders, neurosis (as part of combination therapy), irritability, anxiety, coronary spasm (mildly expressed), tachycardia, insomnia, arterial hypertension (early stages), cardialgia, intestinal and biliary colic.

Valoferin

International name: Peppermint oil+Phenobarbital+Hop cones oil+Ethyl bromizovalerionate (Menthae piperitae oleum+Phenobarbital+Humuli lupuli cones oleum+Ethylbromizovalerionate)

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Valoferin is a combination drug. Alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester is a sedative, mild hypnotic and antispasmodic...

Corvaldin

International name: Ethylbromisovalerinate+Phenobarbital+Peppermint oil+Hops oil (Ethylbromisovalerinate+Phenobarbital+Menthae piperitae oleum+Humuli lupuli oleum)

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Corvaldin is a combination drug, the effect of which is determined by the properties of the substances included in its composition. It has a sedative and antispasmodic...

Indications: As a sedative and vasodilator: insomnia (difficulty falling asleep); cardialgia; sinus tachycardia; neurotic conditions...

Corvalol

International name: Corvalolum

Dosage form: In bottles of 15 ml. Ingredients: alphabromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester - 20 g, sodium phenobarbital - 18.26 g, mint oil - 164 g, sodium hydroxide (IN solution) - 78.62 ml, alcohol-water mixture (alcohol - 96% 574 ml, water - 442 ml) to 1 l.

Pharmachologic effect: Corvalol is a combined drug that has a calming and antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect.

Indications: For neuroses with increased irritability, mild spasms (narrowing of the lumen) of the coronary (heart) vessels, tachycardia (rapid...

Corvalol-MFF

International name:

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Corvalol-MFF is a combination drug, the effect of which is determined by the properties of the substances included in its composition. It has a sedative and antispasmodic...

Indications:

Corvalol-UBF

International name: Peppermint oil+Phenobarbital+Ethylbromisovalerinate (Menthae piperitae oleum+Phenobarbital+Ethylbromisovalerinate)

Dosage form: drops for oral administration

Pharmachologic effect: Corvalol-UBF is a combination drug, the effect of which is determined by the properties of the substances included in its composition. It has a sedative and antispasmodic...

Indications: As a sedative and vasodilator for the following diseases: functional disorders of the cardiovascular system (cardialgia, sinus tachycardia, ...

Phenobarbitalum

pharmachologic effect

Usually considered as a hypnotic. However, currently it is of greatest importance as an antiepileptic drug.
In small doses it has a calming effect.

Indications for use

Treatment of epilepsy; used for generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), as well as for focal seizures in adults and children. Due to its anticonvulsant effect, it is prescribed for chorea (a disease nervous system accompanied by motor agitation and uncoordinated movements), spastic paralysis, various convulsive reactions. As a sedative in small doses in combination with other drugs (antispasmodics, vasodilators) it is used for neurovegetative disorders. As a sleeping pill.

Mode of application

For the treatment of epilepsy, adults are prescribed starting with a dose of 0.05 g 2 times a day and gradually increasing the dose until seizures stop, but not more than 0.5 g per day. For children, the drug is prescribed in smaller doses according to age (not exceeding the highest single and daily doses). Treatment is carried out for a long time. It is necessary to stop taking phenobarbital for epilepsy gradually, since sudden withdrawal of the drug can cause the development of a seizure and even status epilepticus.
Phenobarbital is often prescribed in combination with other medications to treat epilepsy. Usually these combinations are selected individually depending on the form and course of epilepsy and the general condition of the patient.
As a sedative and antispasmodic, phenobarbital is prescribed in a dose of 0.01-0.03-0.05 g 2-3 times a day.
Higher doses for adults orally: single dose - 0.2 g; daily - 0.5 g.
Concomitant use of phenobarbital with other sedatives active drugs(sedative) leads to an increase in the sedative-hypnotic effect and may be accompanied by respiratory depression.

Side effects

Depression of the central nervous system, decreased blood pressure, allergic reactions (skin rash, etc.), changes in the blood formula.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated in case of severe damage to the liver and kidneys with impairment of their functions, alcoholism, drug addiction, myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness). It should not be prescribed in the first 3 months. pregnancy (to avoid teratogenic effects /damaging effects on the fetus/) and women who are breastfeeding.

Release form

Powder; tablets of 0.005 g for children and 0.05 and 0.1 g for adults.

Storage conditions

List B. In a place protected from light.

Synonyms

Adonal, Efenal, Barbenil, Barbifen, Dormiral, Epanal, Episedal, Fenemal, Gardenal, Hypnotal, Mefabarbital, Neurobarb, Nirvonal, Omnibarb, Phenobarbitone, Sedonal, Sevenal, Somonal, Zadonal, etc.

Active substance:

phenobarbital

Authors

Links

Official instructions for the drug Phenobarbital.
Modern medications: a complete practical guide. Moscow, 2000. S. A. Kryzhanovsky, M. B. Vititnova.

Attention!
Description of the drug " Phenobarbital"on this page is a simplified and expanded version official instructions by application. Before purchasing or using the drug, you should consult your doctor and read the instructions approved by the manufacturer.
Information about the drug is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to self-medication. Only a doctor can decide to prescribe the drug, as well as determine the dose and methods of its use.

Photo of the drug

Latin name: Phenobarbital

ATX code: N03AA02

Active substance: Phenobarbital

Manufacturer: Usolye-Sibirsky Chemical Plant, Dalkhimfarm, Moscow Endocrine Plant, Pharmstandard-Leksredstva, Asfarma, Tatkhimfarmpreparaty (Russia), Alkaloida Chemical Company exclusive group Limited (Hungary)

Description is valid on: 20.10.17

Phenobarbital is an antiepileptic drug.

Release form and composition

Available in the form of white flat-cylindrical tablets.

Indications for use

epilepsy;
spasms of peripheral arteries;
hyperbilirubinemia;
spastic paralysis;
intrahepatic cholestasis of chronic type;
unconjugated non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (congenital);
insomnia, attacks of fear, tension and anxiety, agitation, tremors, convulsions of various origins;
alcohol withdrawal;
encephalitis caused by various infectious diseases(in particular influenza, rubella, measles, chicken pox, mononucleosis and whooping cough);
neurovegetative disorders;
focal seizures in adults and children;
generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Contraindications

in case of individual intolerance to any of the components of the drug;
pronounced liver renal failure;
diabetes;
drug dependence (particularly with a history);
depression;
myasthenia gravis, hyperkinesis, severe anemia;
adrenal hypofunction, porphyria, hyperthyroidism;
broncho-obstructive diseases;
pregnancy and lactation;
active alcoholism.

Instructions for use Phenobarbital (method and dosage)

The dosage regimen depends on the indications, the age of the patient and the clinical situation.

For adults, a single dose of 10-200 mg 1-3 times a day is indicated. The maximum single dose is 200 mg, the daily dose is 500 mg.

Children – 1-10 mg per 1 kg of body weight 3 times a day.

Side effects

Well tolerated by most patients. While using the drug, the following may occur: side effects:

asthenia, general weakness, dizziness, ataxia, paradoxical reaction, nystagmus, hallucinations, nightmares, depression, sleep disorders, syncope - from the nervous system;
development of rickets and impaired osteogenesis (with long-term use) - from the musculoskeletal system;
constipation, nausea and vomiting; liver dysfunction (with prolonged use) - from digestive system;
agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia - from the hematopoietic organs;
lowering blood pressure - from the cardiovascular system;
various manifestations of allergic reactions, in particular skin rash, swelling of the eyelids, lips and face, hives, difficulty breathing;
in rare cases – malignant exudative erythema, exfoliative dermatitis.

With prolonged use of the drug, drug dependence may occur.

Overdose

Signs of overdose include:

nystagmus,
ataxia,
dizziness,
headache,
severe weakness,
lethargy,
displaced speech. There is a partial or complete loss of reflexes,
drowsiness or agitation.

Body temperature may increase or decrease, breathing is depressed, shortness of breath, decreased blood pressure, and constriction of the pupils are noted, which subsequently changes to paralytic dilation. You may also experience:

oliguria,
tachycardia,
bradycardia,
cyanosis,
confusion. In severe cases, there is a cessation of electrical activity in the brain,
pulmonary edema,
coma.

Later, pneumonia, arrhythmia, and heart failure are noted. When taking 2-10 g, death is possible. If the dose is constantly exceeded, irritability, impaired critical thinking, sleep disturbances, and confusion occur.

The drug does not have a specific antidote. If there are signs of overdose, gastric lavage is indicated, taking activated carbon, detoxification and symptomatic therapy, maintaining respiratory and cardiac activity.

Analogs

Analogs by ATC code: Phenobarbital tablets.

Do not decide to change the drug on your own; consult your doctor.

pharmachologic effect

The drug belongs to the list of toxic, potent substances. The pharmacological action is quite varied. It has a hypnotic, antihyperbilirubinemic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic and muscle relaxant effect on the human body. The effect of phenobarbital is based on the suppression of the sensory zone of the cerebral cortex and a decrease in motor activity. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been fully studied, according to scientists active substance This drug inhibits ascending conduction in the reticular formation and stops the process of transmitting impulses to the cerebral cortex.

When used, the neutralizing function of the liver is significantly activated. Therefore, Phenobarbital is often prescribed for intoxication. In small doses it has a calming effect, so it is often used as part of complex therapy simultaneously with various medications(in particular with antispasmodics and vasodilators) in the treatment of neurovegetative disorders.

During clinical trials The direct inhibitory effect of Phenobarbital on the respiratory center has been proven. The use of the drug significantly reduces tone smooth muscles Gastrointestinal tract, the intensity of metabolic processes is slightly reduced.

special instructions

The drug can accumulate in the body and cause addiction, so long-term use is not recommended.
Withdrawal syndrome is possible (headaches, nightmares, drowsiness or insomnia), so treatment should be stopped gradually.
May affect psychomotor reactions, you should refrain from driving.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

In childhood

Prescribed to children according to indications.

For impaired renal function

Contraindicated in cases of severe renal failure.

For liver dysfunction

Contraindicated in cases of severe liver failure. If liver function decreases, the dose must be reduced.

Drug interactions

The content of phenobarbital in blood serum is increased by phenytoin and valproate.
Combination with reserpine reduces the anticonvulsant effect of the drug. Amitriptyline, nialamide, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, on the contrary, increase the anticonvulsant effect.
Phenobarbital accelerates the destruction of anticoagulants, corticosteroids, griseofulvin, doxycycline, estrogens and others medicines, metabolized in the liver via oxidation.
Strengthens the effect of alcohol, neuroleptics, narcotic analgesics, muscle relaxants, sedatives and hypnotics.
In combination with atropine, belladonna extract, dextrose, thiamine, nicotinic acid, analeptics and psychostimulant drugs, the hypnotic effect of phenobarbital is reduced.
Reduces the antibacterial effect of antibiotics and sulfonamides, antifungal effect griseofulvin.

Phenobarbital is an antiepileptic drug that increases the sensitivity of GABA receptors to GABA. It has a hypnotic, antispasmodic and muscle relaxant effect. In small doses it has a sedative effect.

Refers to pharmacological group long-acting barbiturates. The sedative-hypnotic effect is explained by the suppression of the activity of the sensory cortex in the brain and a decrease in motor activity.

Phenobarbital changes the functional state and suppresses the sensory area of the cerebral cortex, and also inhibits motor activity. The drug helps reduce the excitability of neurons in the epileptogenic focus and reduces the spread of nerve impulses.

The anticonvulsant effect is due to blunting of mono- and polysynaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Phenobarbital reduces smooth muscle tone gastrointestinal tract. In small doses, it reduces the intensity of metabolic processes, which manifests itself in the form of slight hypothermia.

It has a direct inhibitory effect on the respiratory center (reduces sensitivity to carbon dioxide), reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. In hypnotic doses, it slightly reduces the intensity of basal metabolism, which is manifested by slight hypothermia. Does not significantly affect the cardiovascular system.

Currently, Phenobarbital is an alternative reserve drug, which is used when modern drugs are noted to be ineffective.

Indications for use

What does Phenobarbital help with? The drug is prescribed in the following cases:

epilepsy;
spasms of peripheral arteries;
hyperbilirubinemia;
spastic paralysis;
intrahepatic cholestasis of chronic type;
unconjugated non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (congenital);
insomnia, attacks of fear, tension and anxiety, agitation, tremors, convulsions of various origins;
alcohol withdrawal;
encephalitis caused by various infectious diseases (in particular, influenza, rubella, measles, chicken pox, mononucleosis and whooping cough);
neurovegetative disorders;
focal seizures in adults and children;
generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Instructions for use Phenobarbital, dosage

The drug is taken orally with water. Standard dosages:

As a sleeping pill - 100-200 mg 0.5-1 hour before bedtime.
As a sedative – 30-50 mg 2-3 times a day.
For epilepsy - 50-100 mg 2 times a day.
As an antispasmodic - 10-50 mg 2-3 times a day.

Children 30-40 minutes before meals 2 times a day:

up to 6 months of age, single dose – 5 mg,
6-12 months – 10 mg;
1-2 years – 20 mg;
3-4 years – 30 mg;
5-6 years – 40 mg;
7-9 years – 50 mg;
10-14 years – 75 mg.

If liver function decreases, it should be prescribed in lower doses.

Side effects

Usually well tolerated. Prescribing Phenobarbital may be accompanied by the following side effects:

asthenia, general weakness, dizziness, ataxia, paradoxical reaction, nystagmus, hallucinations, nightmares, depression, sleep disorders, syncope - from the nervous system;
development of rickets and impaired osteogenesis (with long-term use of the drug) - from the musculoskeletal system;
constipation, nausea and vomiting; liver dysfunction (with prolonged use of the drug) - from the digestive system;
agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia - from the hematopoietic organs;
lowering blood pressure – from the cardiovascular system;
various manifestations of allergic reactions, in particular skin rash, swelling of the eyelids, lips and face, hives, difficulty breathing;
in rare cases - malignant exudative erythema, exfoliative dermatitis.

With prolonged use, a dependence syndrome develops.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated to prescribe Phenobarbital in the following cases:

severe renal and/or liver failure;
hypersensitivity to the active substance of the drug;
porphyria;
chronic alcoholism;
myasthenia gravis;
drug addiction;
thyrotoxicosis;
first and second trimesters of pregnancy;
lactation period;
severe anemia;
hyperkinesis;
broncho-obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Drug interactions

Combination with reserpine reduces the anticonvulsant effect of the drug. Amitriptyline, nialamide, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, on the contrary, increase the anticonvulsant effect.

Phenobarbital accelerates the destruction of anticoagulants, corticosteroids, griseofulvin, doxycycline, estrogens and other drugs metabolized in the liver via oxidation.

The drug enhances the effect of alcohol, neuroleptics, narcotic analgesics, muscle relaxants, sedatives and hypnotics.

In combination with atropine, belladonna extract, dextrose, thiamine, nicotinic acid, analeptics and psychostimulants, the hypnotic effect of phenobarbital is reduced.

The drug reduces the antibacterial effect of antibiotics and sulfonamides and the antifungal effect of griseofulvin.

Overdose

With a single dose of 1 gram of the drug, observed following symptoms overdose: lethargy, nystagmus, dizziness, headache, decrease or increase in body temperature, blurred speech, irritability, loss or weakening of reflexes, sleep disturbances, difficulty and slowing of breathing, coma, ataxia, decreased blood pressure, brady- or tachycardia, pneumonia, confusion consciousness, pulmonary edema, oliguria, constriction of the pupils.

In these cases, it is necessary to immediately carry out symptomatic therapy.

When taking from 2 to 10 g of Phenobarbital, it is fatal.

Phenobarbital analogues, price in pharmacies

If necessary, you can replace Phenobarbital with an analogue according to therapeutic effect- these are drugs:

Benzonal,
Dormiral,
Barbinal,
Luminal,
Hexamidine,
Primidon.

When choosing analogs, it is important to understand that the instructions for use of Phenobarbital, price and reviews do not apply to drugs with similar effects. It is important to consult a doctor and not change the drug yourself.

Price in Russian pharmacies: you can buy Phenobarbital 100 mg 10 tablets from 21 to 23 rubles.

Dispensed strictly according to a doctor's prescription. It should be noted that the import of the drug into many countries is strictly prohibited.

| Phenobarbitali

Analogs (generics, synonyms)

Adonal, Efenal, Barbenil, Barbifen, Dormiral, Epanal, Episedal, Fenemal, Gardenal, Hypnotal, Mefabarbital, Neurobarb, Nirvonal, Omnibarb, Phenobarbitone, Sedonal, Sevenal, Somonal, Zadonal

Recipe (international)

Rp.: Phenobarbitali 0.1
D.t. d. N. 6 in tabul.
S. 1 tablet at night 1 hour before bedtime (with warm tea)

Rp.: Phenobarbitali 0.05
Papaverini hydrochloride 0.02
D.t. d. N. 6 in tabul.

Rp.: Phenobarbitali 0.05
Salsolini hydrochloride 0.03
D.t. d. N. 10 in tabul.
S. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day

Rp.: Theobromini 0.25 Phenobarbitali
Papaverini hydrochloridi aa 0.02
D.t. d. N. 6 in tabul.
S. 1 tablet 2-3 times a day

Recipe (Russia)

Prescription form - 148-1/у-88

Active substance

(Phenobarbitalum)

pharmachologic effect

An antiepileptic drug, it increases the sensitivity of GABA receptors to GABA, opens channels for Cl- and increases their entry into the cell. It has a hypnotic, antispasmodic and muscle relaxant effect. In small doses it has a sedative effect. It has a direct inhibitory effect on the respiratory center (reduces sensitivity to carbon dioxide), reduces the tone of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. In hypnotic doses, it slightly reduces the intensity of basal metabolism, which is manifested by slight hypothermia. Does not significantly affect cardiovascular system.

Mode of application

For adults: Orally, as a sleeping pill - 100-200 mg 0.5-1 hour before bedtime, as a sedative - 30-50 mg 2-3 times a day,

for epilepsy - 50-100 mg 2 times a day; V

as an antispasmodic - 10-50 mg 2-3 times a day.

If liver function decreases, it should be prescribed in lower doses.
For children: Children 30-40 minutes before meals 2 times a day: up to 6 months of age, single dose - 5 mg, 6-12 months - 10 mg; 1-2 years - 20 mg; 3-4 years - 30 mg; 5-6 years - 40 mg; 7-9 years - 50 mg; 10-14 years - 75 mg.

Indications

Epilepsy, chorea, spastic paralysis, spasm of peripheral arteries, agitation, hyperbilirubinemia (including in newborns, with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, congenital non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia), insomnia, anxiety, tension, fear, alcohol withdrawal; encephalitis caused by measles, influenza, chickenpox, rubella, whooping cough and mononucleosis; tremor, convulsions (including against the background of fever, with brain damage, malaria, in newborns).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, porphyria (including history), pregnancy (I and III trimesters), lactation period.

Carefully. Anemia, COPD, brochospasm (including a history), asthmatic status, dyspnea, diabetes mellitus, drug dependence, liver failure (including a history), hepatic coma, hyperkinesis, thyrotoxicosis, adrenal hypofunction (including .h. borderline states), depression, suicide, acute and/or chronic pain syndrome, renal failure (for dosage forms with a long elimination period), debilitated patients

Side effects

From the nervous system: asthenia, dizziness, weakness, fainting, ataxia, impaired coordination of movements, nystagmus, paradoxical reaction (especially in children, elderly and weakened patients - unusual excitement), hallucinations, depression, nightmares, sleep disturbances.

From the musculoskeletal system: with long-term use - a violation of osteogenesis and the development of rickets.

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, constipation, with prolonged use - impaired liver function. From the hematopoietic organs: agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia.

From the cardiovascular system: decreased blood pressure. Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, swelling of the eyelids, face and lips, difficulty breathing, rarely - exfoliative dermatitis, malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).

Other: with long-term use - drug dependence.

Overdose.
Symptoms: for acute toxicity (1 g intake) - nystagmus, ataxia, dizziness, headache, retardation, blurred speech, severe weakness, weakening or loss of reflexes, severe drowsiness, increase or decrease in body temperature, slowness and difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, agitation , decreased blood pressure, constriction of the pupils (alternating with paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachy- or bradycardia, cyanosis, hemorrhages at pressure points, confusion, cessation of electrical activity of the brain, pulmonary edema, coma, later - pneumonia, arrhythmias, development of heart failure;

When taking 2-10 g - death; with chronic toxicity - irritability, weakened ability to critically evaluate, sleep disturbances, confusion.
Treatment: detoxification therapy, symptomatic treatment, there is no specific antidote, maintaining vital functions of the body.

Release form

1 tablet contains phenobarbital 0.05 or 0.1 g; in blister-free packaging 6 pcs.

1 tablet for children - 0.005 g; in a test tube and in a contour-free packaging 6 pcs. or in a blister pack 10 pcs.

ATTENTION!

The information on the page you are viewing is created for informational purposes only and does not in any way promote self-medication. The resource is intended to provide healthcare workers with additional information about certain medications, thereby increasing their level of professionalism. The use of the drug "" necessarily requires consultation with a specialist, as well as his recommendations on the method of use and dosage of the medicine you have chosen.