According to the results of an international WHO study, personality disorders occur in 6.1% of the population. In this case, men are most often affected. associated with the sharp expression of certain of its properties. Such severity usually leads to deep feelings, conflicts in society and impaired performance. Deviations from a healthy psyche are not associated with the presence of any specific personality traits, but with their sharp expression and dominance.

The disorder becomes clear as adolescence approaches and continues throughout life. At an earlier age, identifying a personality disorder seems difficult, since there is a pronounced variety of manifestations, unclear clinical features and high situational dependence.

It is customary to distinguish the following main types of personality disorders:

Schizoid personality disorder occurs in 7–7.5% of the population, while in men it is 2 times more common.
Manifests: emotional coldness, aloofness; limited ability to experience warm feelings or anger towards others; indifference to praise or criticism from others; weak desire for sexual relations or lack thereof; preference for solitary activities; a tendency to fantasies and introspection; systematic, unintentional disregard for dominant social norms.

People with this type of personality disorder rarely or never experience pleasure. The main feature of these people is isolation. There is a low ability for empathy (empathy) and intuition, a poorly developed non-verbal understanding of others (the ability to “read between the lines”, etc.). The inner world of these people is closed to others.

Paranoid personality disorder occurs in 0.5–2.5% of the population, more often in men. There is a hereditary predisposition to this disorder.
Manifests: excessive sensitivity to obstacles and failures; suspicion, a tendency to hostile interpretation of the actions of other people (attributing evil intentions to others); unjustified suspicions of sexual infidelity towards a spouse (sexual partner).

People with paranoid disorder are easily offended and react with outbursts of aggression and do not have a sense of humor. They may have one-sided ideas that take precedence over reason and persist for a long time.

Dissocial personality disorder occurs in 3% of men and 1% of women. In prisons, persons with this type of personality disorder account for 47% of men and 21% of women. There is a hereditary predisposition to this disorder.
Manifests: indifference to the feelings of others; irresponsibility and disregard for social norms and responsibilities; low threshold for aggression and violence; inability to maintain relationships with other people, in the absence of difficulties in establishing them; inability to experience feelings of guilt, regret; a pronounced tendency to blame others or put forward plausible explanations for one’s antisocial behavior.

The main feature of such people is persistent antisocial behavior with disregard for the rights of others. Dissocial personality disorder is characterized by increased aggressiveness and a long history of gross violations of social norms.

Histrionic personality disorder occurs in 2–3% of the population, mainly among women. There is a hereditary predisposition.
Manifests: theatricality and exaggerated expression of emotions; inadequate emphasis on one’s sexual attractiveness in appearance and behavior; easy suggestibility; increased preoccupation with external attractiveness.

The main feature of such people is a thirst for recognition, a search for the attention of others. These individuals often become pathological liars, swindlers, soothsayers, and charlatans. To satisfy the thirst for recognition, all possibilities are used, including boasting, eccentricity in clothing, adventurism, and lies. Inattention to them, especially indifference, is their most vulnerable point.

Dependent personality disorder It is rare, accounting for about 2.5% of all personality disorders, and more often develops in women.
Manifests itself: by shifting most of the important decisions in one’s life onto others; feeling helpless and uncomfortable being alone; excessive fear of inability to live independently; fear of being abandoned by a person with whom there is a close connection; limited ability to make day-to-day decisions without advice and encouragement from others.

The main feature of these people is self-doubt and low self-esteem. Women of the dependent type live for a long time with men who abuse alcohol, cheat, and endure beatings and humiliation. Dependent individuals are afraid of loneliness and do not limit social contacts.

Anxious personality disorder observed in 0.05–1% of the population. In childhood, these people often experienced insults from their parents and after that they felt guilty for a long time. Lack of comfort and protection in childhood also contributes to the development of this disorder. Manifests itself: a constant feeling of tension, heavy forebodings; increased concern about criticism or rejection from others; conviction of one's social inability and unattractiveness compared to others; reluctance to enter into relationships without a guarantee of being liked; avoidance of activities associated with frequent interpersonal contacts; restriction of lifestyle due to the need for physical safety.

The main feature of such people is timidity and shyness. They are very receptive and impressionable, they are very easy to offend. People with this disorder try to avoid interpersonal relationships, except for the most necessary ones. Unlike schizoid people, among close friends people with anxiety disorder are quite sociable.

Anancastic personality disorder occurs in 1–2% of the population, much more often in men. Among the predisposing factors are: heredity, upbringing by tough and rational parents who instill in children constant self-control, discipline and adult behavior. Manifested by: the presence of exaggerated self-esteem; exposure to fantasies of great success, unlimited power, beauty, or ideal love; confidence in one's own uniqueness; the need for excessive worship and delight; a tendency to exploit other people to achieve one's own goals; lack of reflection (the ability to sympathize, understand other people’s feelings); envy of others and the belief that others are jealous of him; arrogance, arrogance.

Emotionally labile personality disorder There are two types. The impulsive type is rare, mainly among men. Manifests itself as: a tendency to commit unexpected actions without taking into account the consequences; tendency to conflict behavior; prone to fits of anger or violence and inability to control behavior; difficulties in activities that do not promise immediate reward; unstable, capricious mood.

The main feature of the disorder is episodes of loss of control over aggressive impulses. An attack of aggression occurs when there is a clearly inadequate reason for such behavior.

The borderline type occurs in 1–2% of the population, and in women 2 times more often than in men. The name of the disorder is due to the idea of ​​an intermediate position between neurotic, affective, personality disorders and schizophrenia. There is a hereditary predisposition to this disorder. Up to 70% of people with this disorder were sexually abused as children.

Personality disorders can occur acutely in various diseases: endocrine diseases (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, etc.), arteritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. With B12-deficiency anemia (see Vitamin B12), a dependent or impulsive personality disorder may appear; with Wilson's disease, a dependent personality disorder; after a myocardial infarction, an anxious personality disorder may occur; chronic renal failure may trigger the development of an impulsive personality disorder.

Pathologies related to human mental activity include personality disorder, the symptoms of which can only be determined with a detailed acquaintance with the disease. To understand what kind of condition this is, you need to pay attention to the patient’s behavior and, if detected, consult a doctor. Better yet, take preventive measures to eliminate a serious disease.

Mental illnesses are a whole cluster of disorders to which the illness we describe is directly related. To understand this issue more competently, we need to start with examples that are familiar to us. Let's start with the fact that each of us is an individual who has a certain, normal type of thinking, perception of reality, environment, attitude to various kinds of situations, time, space, etc. As soon as adolescence begins, a child who was previously unintelligent is already able to demonstrate his own personality traits and has his own style of behavior. Despite the fact that certain traits are activated or faded with age, they still accompany a person until the last moment of life. But this is an example of an ordinary person who does not suffer from mental pathology. In the case of a patient, a personality disorder is rigidity, maladjustment of traits that cause a malfunction in his functioning. Sick people from time to time are subjected to psychological protection without any reason or irritating factors, which is why such people remain maladaptive almost all their lives, with an immature type of thinking, etc.

According to international standards, there is a code “ICD 10 Personality Disorder”, since the problem affects all areas of human life, and only an experienced specialist is able to identify ten types of disorders, three specific clusters of the disease, based on clinical indicators.

Personality disorder affects every area of ​​human life

Personality disorder: symptoms and signs

Let's first study the signs of mental deviation. A person suffering from a disorder can hide his characteristics for a long time, which is called frustration in medicine, and at certain moments show his anger and aggression towards others. A large number of patients are worried about their lives; they almost always have problems with employees, relatives, and friends. The pathology is often accompanied by mood swings, anxiety, panic attacks, excessive use of psychotropic and sedative medications, and, moreover, a disruption in eating behavior.

Important: experts pay attention to the fact that in severe forms of the disease, a person can fall into deep hypochondria and is capable of violent acts and self-destructive acts.

In the family, the patient can behave very contradictory, be overly emotional, tough or indulgent, allow family members to do anything, which leads to the development of somatic and physical pathologies in children.

For reference: studies have shown that approximately 13% of the total population of the planet suffers from PD, and the pathology of an antisocial nature is more common among men than among women (ratio 6 to 1), borderline state is more common among women (ratio 3 to 1).

Symptoms of personality disorders

Provoking factors of the disease can occur in childhood and adolescence. At first they can definitely be considered, but with the stage of growing up, already in the future life, there is no specific delineation. The manifestation of signs is not observed in specific aspects, but concerns all spheres of human activity - emotional, mental, interpersonal, volitional. The main symptoms of the disease include:

• pathology in character manifests itself totally: at work, at home, among friends;
• pathology in the personality remains stable: it begins in childhood and continues throughout life;
• due to problems with behavior, character, etc., social maladjustment occurs regardless of the attitude of the environment.

Personality disorder can be identified by a number of symptoms

Personality disorder: types

According to the psychoanalytic classification, doctors identify a number of disorders and the most characteristic of them are:

Socialized conduct disorder

In this case, a person (child, teenager and older) seeks to attract the attention of others by their inconsistency with generally accepted social norms of behavior. Persons with such a pathology always have a certain charm, special manners, and strive to impress others. Their main character trait is to receive benefits without investing any physical effort. Literally from childhood, they are accompanied by a continuous series of wrong actions: absenteeism from school, running away from the garden, running away from home, constant lies, fights, joining gangs, criminal groups, theft, consumption of drugs, alcohol, manipulation of loved ones. The peak of pathology most often occurs during the puberty period from 14 to 16 years.

Unsocialized conduct disorder

This type of behavior is accompanied by persistent dissociation, aggression, and disruption of relationships with peers and loved ones. Domestic psychiatry calls the type “deviant”, the symptoms of which are manifested:

• Affective excitability - the character is dominated by irritability, attacks of anger, aggression (fights, humiliation, insults). With prohibitions and restrictions, a protest reaction arises - refusal to attend school, study lessons, etc.
• Mental instability - excessive suggestibility, dependence on pleasures obtained from external conditions, a tendency to deceive.
• Violation of drives - vagrancy, running away from home, aggression, sadistic tendencies, disturbance of sexual behavior (conversion).
• Impulsive-epileptoid - a tendency to protracted outbursts of affective behavior, a long recovery from a state of anger, vengeance, and stubbornness.

Personality disorder of organic etiology

Psychopathy is an organic disorder that occurs as a result of previous brain diseases:

• traumatic brain injury;
• infectious diseases: encephalitis, meningitis;
• excessive alcohol consumption;
• taking drugs;
• abuse of psychotropic drugs;
• neoplasms in the brain;
• atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• powerful intoxication.

According to experts, the disorder often becomes a companion to epilepsy; approximately 10% of the total number of patients suffer from mental disorders.

Important: the listed provoking factors can cause serious damage to a person’s psyche, so it is necessary to consult a doctor in time for adequate treatment in order to prevent mental disorders.

Seasonal personality disorder

Many of us are familiar with seasonal depression, especially in those times of year when there is little sun, it rains, and the sky is cloudy. But this condition should not be confused with a person’s affective behavior, which is repeated at certain times of the year. In people with SAD, the problem also arises due to a lack of sunlight, the main supplier of the hormone of cheerfulness, joy, and energy. But at the same time, they are completely unable to cope with behavioral disorder, which is expressed in such signs as:

• long sleep;
• feeling overwhelmed;
• desire to sleep during the daytime;
• waking up earlier;
• low mood level;
• drop in self-esteem;
• feeling of hopelessness, despair;
• tearfulness;
• inability to cope with everyday activities and activities;
• hot temper;
• attacks of aggression, anger, irritability;
• tension, anxiety.

With seasonal affective disorder, it is difficult for a person to endure any stress, even minor troubles; he does not control not only social, but also eating and sexual behavior, which leads to weight gain and sexual problems.

Tearfulness is one of the symptoms of a personality disorder

The pathology can occur at any age, but most often it affects people aged 18 to 30 years.

Personality and behavior disorder in adulthood

In this case, the pathology can be expressed in different ways, it all depends on what clinical manifestations accompany the person throughout his life. What matters is the individual’s individual characteristics and how his relationships with others have developed. Many signs are acquired not only at an early age, but also at later stages. Symptoms such as mixed and long-lasting refer to protracted and deeply ingrained behavior patterns, since a person has experienced a lot of serious situations, and the psyche has developed a response.

A number of diseases inherent in the aging body are also a factor in the development of disorders in old age.

Important: personality disorder is a very serious diagnosis and you can miss a more dangerous illness - schizophrenia, so you need to urgently consult a specialist and undergo a thorough examination.

Personality disorder and work

For people with certain types of PD, it is necessary to select work taking into account behavioral characteristics. With the right choice, work helps a person realize himself, adapt to society, satisfy financial needs, and most importantly, switch from disorders to more positive activities. Employment includes several stages:

1. Protected- the patient works under the constant supervision of a doctor or social worker, the work is simplified, the regime is gentle.
2. Transition- work as usual, but supervision by a social worker or doctor continues.
3. General grounds- work at a regular place, with training at the enterprise, control is maintained.

No specialist will give universal recommendations regarding the employment of a person with LD. It all depends on individual abilities and the severity of the symptoms of the disease.

Work and labor are not at all prohibited in case of personality disorder, but, on the contrary, are indicated

For complex forms of disorders, doctors do not recommend getting a job or attending educational institutions until effective treatment has been completed and the diagnosis has been eliminated.

How to Treat a Personality Disorder

To eliminate symptoms such as anxiety, panic, depression and others, drug treatment is undertaken. The drugs include psychotropic, neuroleptic drugs, serotonin inhibitors. Risperidone is used to prevent depersonalization.

Psychotherapy is aimed at correcting inappropriate symptoms, but it is worth remembering that the treatment will be long-term. The cognitive-behavioral method allows the patient to pay attention to his behavior, and not the consequences caused by his actions. The specialist can force the patient to obey his orders, for example, stop screaming, speak quietly, calmly, and control himself during attacks. Of no small importance is the participation of the patient’s relatives, who should also know the diagnosis of “personality disorder”, what it is, communicate with a specialist and develop a certain manner of behavior. Positive results can be expected after 5-6 months of constant exposure to the patient. The optimal treatment period is from 3 years.

How to remove a personality disorder diagnosis

In Russia, free medical and advisory assistance is provided to people with LC. There is no longer a record of patients with this diagnosis, as in past times. After appropriate treatment, patients undergo dynamic examination at the dispensary for some time, that is, they need to visit doctors for six months. People who want to get a job as a driver or security guard mainly seek to remove the diagnosis. If a patient does not visit a doctor for five years, then his card is transferred to the medical archive, from where it can be requested by law enforcement agencies, the human resources department, etc.

Removal of the diagnosis is possible after a successful treatment course

It is theoretically possible to remove the diagnosis only after 5 years, but only if the patient was under observation for a year and the doctor canceled the treatment therapy. To remove the diagnosis prematurely, it is necessary to go to a psychiatric clinic, undergo an examination, and obtain the approval of the commission. Some people with LC, feeling completely healthy, are confident in the positive decision of the doctors, but the latter, in turn, can draw the opposite conclusion.

Personality disorders, as a rule, arise in adolescents and actively develop until full mental maturity, often integrating into a person’s established psychotype. Professionals argue that the above diagnosis can only be made from the age of fifteen to sixteen: before that, mental characteristics are often associated with active physiological changes in the body.

Previously, personality disorder was not identified as a special type of mental disorder and was classified as classical psychopathy, which arose as a result of underdevelopment of the nervous system due to a number of factors (trauma, heredity, harmful environment, etc.).

This condition can be caused by birth trauma and genetic predispositions to violence in various forms and certain life situations.

Quite often, personality disorder is confused with impaired perception, psychosis and the influence of various diseases, however, these conditions differ in complex clinical symptoms, features of the qualitative and quantitative specificity of a psychiatric disorder,

Symptoms of disorders by type

Each type of disorder has its own symptoms:

Passive-aggressive

Patients are irritable, envious, rather angry, threaten to commit suicide, but, as a rule, do not do this. The condition is aggravated by constant depression due to alcoholism, as well as various somatic disorders.

Narcissistic

There is a significant exaggeration of one's own talents and merits, multiple fantasies on various topics. They love admiration for themselves, envy the successful people around them and demand unwavering submission to their own demands.

Dependent

People with this syndrome often have very low self-esteem, they show self-doubt and try to avoid responsibility. A special problem in this case is the fundamental difficulties of making important decisions; people with such a personality disorder easily endure insults and humiliation, and are afraid of loneliness.

Alarming

Manifests itself in fear of various environmental factors. They are afraid to speak publicly, have a number of social phobias, are very sensitive to criticism, and require constant support and approval from society.

Anancast

There is excessive shyness, impressionability, and lack of confidence in oneself and one’s strengths. Such patients are often overcome by doubts, they are afraid of responsible work, and sometimes they are overcome by obsessive thoughts.

Histrionic

They crave constant attention and are very impulsive to the point of hysteria. Extremely changeable moods will often change. People try to stand out in the most extravagant way, often lying and making up various stories about themselves in order to gain more significance from society. They often behave openly and friendly in public, but in families they are tyrants.

Emotionally unstable

They are very excitable and respond to any events very violently, openly expressing anger, dissatisfaction, and irritation. The outbursts of such people often lead to open violence if they meet resistance/criticism from other people. Their mood is very changeable, unpredictable, and they have a great tendency to act impulsively.

Dissocial

Tendency to ill-considered and impulsive actions, disregard for moral standards, indifference and aversion to responsibilities. Such people do not regret their actions, they often lie, manipulate others, and they do not have anxiety or depression.

Schizoid personality disorder

Such people strive for isolated life activities; they do not want close relationships and ordinary contacts with others. Patients are indifferent to praise or criticism, show very little interest in sexual relations, but they often become attached to animals. The predetermining factor is the maximum possible isolation from the surrounding society.

Paranoid

They almost always experience unfounded suspicions about deception, exploitation, or other actions on the part of society. Patients are unable to forgive other people; they believe that they are always right and understand only the authority of power and authority. In extreme forms they can be dangerous, especially if they intend to pursue or take revenge on their imaginary enemies and offenders.

Diagnostics

All the main criteria by which personality disorders can be correctly diagnosed are contained in the latest edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

In particular, conditions that cannot be explained by brain diseases or extensive brain damage, as well as known mental disorders, become decisive.

1. The chronic nature of altered behavior, which arose over a long period of time and is not associated with the etymology of episodes of mental illness.
2. The style of altered behavior systematically disrupts adaptation to life or social situations.
3. Disharmony with behavior and one’s own positions is revealed, manifested in deviations from the norm in perception, thinking, and communication with other people. Lack of impulse control, affectivity, and frequent excitability/inhibition are also diagnosed.
4. As a rule, the disorder described above is accompanied by a partial or complete loss of productivity in society or work.
5. The above-described manifestations occur in childhood and also in adolescents.
6. The condition leads to large-scale distress, which manifests itself in the later stages of the development of the problem.

If at least three of the above-mentioned signs are found in a patient who has been given a potential diagnosis of Personality Disorder, then the likelihood of its correct diagnosis after receiving additional tests, if necessary, is considered proven.

Treatment for Personality Disorder

It should be understood that personality disorders are a rather severe mental disorder, therefore any treatment is mainly aimed not at changing the personality structure, but at neutralizing the negative manifestations of the syndrome and partial compensation of normal mental functions. In modern medicine, two main approaches are used.

Psychological-social therapy

In particular, this includes individual, group, and family therapy conducted by experienced neuropsychotherapists, psychological education, as well as environmental treatment and exercises in special self-help groups.

Drug therapy

Recent studies show that the popular classic method of combating personality disorder is ineffective, so even in the FDA recommendations you will not find instructions about drug treatment. Some experts recommend using antipsychotics and antidepressants in this case, usually in small doses. Antipsychotics and benzodiazepines are widely used, mainly to suppress attacks of aggression, but their constant use can cause worsening of depressive conditions, drug dependence and even the opposite effect of agitation.

In any case, it is simply impossible to independently treat or alleviate the symptoms of a personality disorder. We recommend that you contact several independent specialists on this issue at once, carefully weigh their suggestions and recommendations, and only then make a decision, especially when it comes to taking certain groups of drugs on an ongoing basis or revolutionary methods of dubious untested origin.

Useful video

Pollina

I am interested in the question, is there any hope that it is possible to cope and completely cure borderline personality disorder F60.3? Despite the fact that I can’t stay in therapy for a long time. Is there any point in trying? Or just let it go as everything goes?

Pollina

Hello. I am 35. The diagnosis was made last year, after a series of some personal and health problems, I decided to see a psychiatrist, I did not agree with the diagnosis and turned to another one and the other one also said that he considered the diagnosis correct, treatment was prescribed with antidepressants, antipsychotics and anticonvulsants to normalize mood, and psychotherapy, the latter just doesn’t work for me, I’m wondering whether it’s worth trying at all, or giving up all attempts, because all relationships with psychologists end with a feeling of my own trauma. I’m wondering if it’s even worth it, these torments that arise in communication with psychologists and whether there is a chance of a complete recovery, or what if I’m still all in vain and there’s no treatment for it.

Hello, what kind of help do you expect from a psychologist?
If this somehow reassures you, then such a diagnosis is not uncommon. It is important to understand that such a disorder cannot be completely cured in one session with a doctor - constant monitoring by a psychiatrist and the use of psychocorrective medications are necessary. Psychotherapy is also very important. Not a psychologist, just a psychotherapist. Most often, long-term work with a specialist is needed.
Provided systematic and high-quality treatment, patients with BPD can experience stable remission for up to two years. What does a qualitative reduction in symptoms mean?

Pollina

I don’t know what kind of help I’m waiting for, so that everything bad in my character can be removed. My loved ones suffer a lot from me, and I suffer from my loved ones from their criticism. In general, I have always been so emotionally unstable, but with age, with the increase in personal problems, I became more and more, until severe depression was added to this. I didn’t go to a psychiatrist, but then I decided there was no need to save myself somehow. I already began to realize the very abnormality of my condition. The pills more or less removed the depression. But psychotherapy doesn’t work until the first serious remark and I give up everything, I don’t understand why I infuriate psychologists who can do therapy so much. I don’t have money for expensive therapists, but clinical psychologists can’t stand me, I don’t know how I should make comments about myself. And as I understand it, only stable remission is possible? But as I understand it, a complete cure and change in character is not possible? I had a conversation with a psychologist using CBT, which I more or less liked and I improved my relationship with my son, but the feeling that I was annoying my therapist forced me to stop and raises great doubts that they will really help me in a serious way.

It is important that you understand that incontinence and character difficulties are actually not about character, but about the symptoms of your condition. Systematic treatment and specifically psychotherapy! NOT clinical psychologists, NOT psychologists of various directions. A professional does not criticize, does not humiliate, does not devalue the client, does not give advice and does not tell or teach how to live and how not to live. Look for a specialist in a good clinic. This is a guarantee of improving your well-being.

Remission can last for years. Ask your psychiatrist to tell you everything about this condition. Your loved ones can also turn to him so that he can tell you how to react to this or that condition of yours. I can offer you one face-to-face or Skype consultation to relieve some anxiety about your well-being. If you are in Moscow or in the region, I can recommend a good psychiatrist.

Pollina

My city is small (not Moscow), quite far from Moscow, I’ve already gone through almost everyone, psychiatrists don’t treat me, they just prescribe me medications and give instructions and recommendations, and then just solve your problems yourself, we have 1 free day for the whole city and several paid clinics, but I don’t like any of those for whom I have enough finances. Those close to me also seemed to understand how they needed to communicate with me and treat me so that there would be no outbursts of mine. My condition is not acute now; I am on medication and have completely calmed down. I liked one woman, a cognitive therapist, she’s over 60, she doesn’t seem to devalue me and behaves very courteously, just like a mother, but she doesn’t calm me down during sessions, in her opinion, I constantly avoid important topics and therapy doesn’t work, and more often than not just consultations, the last time she practically set a condition for me that I choose therapy or consultations! I was so offended by her, as if it was my fault that I couldn’t cope with some of her conditions. There was a psychologist in front of her, so I directly quarreled with her rudely that she was putting pressure on me and I was not going to fulfill her conditions. Maybe the problem is me, because no one will “stroking” endlessly, even the most experienced psychotherapist?

Pollina

Thank you, I kind of understand this, but I can’t follow the recommendations and even correct amendments irritate me, because I feel like people are getting tired of me. I’m quitting treatment and at the same time I think that I’m probably quitting in vain, so I’m wondering whether I need it or not, all these therapies are very painful for me, they make me very painful, these memories of childhood and trauma are just not for me. And if not in depth, then you only get supportive therapy or consultations, and this is all to no avail

Working on yourself is always a very difficult process. But believe me, it's worth it. Whether you go for it or not is up to you. What you give up halfway is about resistance. It happens. But this is your life and your responsibility for what and how it is built.
There is such a formula for successful psychotherapy: I want + I can + I will. When all three components come together for the client, then everything works out in the best possible way.

Pollina

Wow, thanks for the article, very interesting. Thank you very much for your answers, but if this disorder is widespread, it means that many people live without therapy and nothing, and since only remission is possible, then treatment or no treatment, there will still be relapses, but you need to work on yourself, but where take strength.

Feedback about the consultation

Pollina

Thank you for responding to my question. You are, of course, right that I need to think about my mental health and I need to do something about it.

I liked Anna Chichina because no one really paid attention to my topic, but she answered me. She was very polite, she correctly understood my difficulties, she somehow reassured me that if there is a problem, then it needs to be solved, I actually already knew this, but I was tormented by very doubts, she confirmed that I need to work on my problem, is it bad? It’s either good for me or necessary. She offered her help. A pleasant impression from her.

Personality disorders

Personality disorders are characterized by persistent disturbances in thoughts, feelings and actions. Many people have their own characteristics. However, sometimes someone's behavior and personality characteristics are so different from the generally accepted ones that it causes irritation. Problems arise that affect both people with personality disorders and those around them. If a personality disorder puts a lot of pressure on everyday life, there is a need for qualified psychological help.

Personality disorders are relatively inflexible patterns of perceiving other people and responding to events that impair a person's ability to socially adapt.

Medicines do not change personality traits, while psychotherapy can help people acknowledge their problems and change behavior.
Each person has characteristic patterns of perception (personality traits) associated with other people and events. For example, some people respond to troubling situations by trying to ask someone for help, while others prefer to deal with problems on their own. Some people downplay the seriousness of the problem, while others exaggerate it. Regardless of their usual response style, mentally healthy people will try an alternative approach if their first response is ineffective.

People with a personality disorder are rigid and, as a rule, react inappropriately to problems, to the point of being unable to build relationships with family members, friends and colleagues. Personality disorders typically begin in adolescence or early adulthood and do not improve over time. Personality disorders vary in severity. Personality disorders are more common in mild forms, and much less common in severe ones.

Most people with a personality disorder are dissatisfied with their lives and have problems in relationships at work or in social situations. Many also suffer from mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, or eating disorders.

People with a personality disorder do not know that their thoughts and behavior are unacceptable, and therefore they rarely seek help on their own. They may present with chronic tension created by a personality disorder, anxiety symptoms, or depression, and tend to believe that problems are caused by other people or circumstances beyond their control.

Until recently, many psychiatrists and psychologists believed that treatment did not help people with personality disorders. However, it has now been proven that some types of psychotherapy, in particular psychoanalysis, help cope with personality disorders.

According to the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), there are 10 main types of personality disorders, which are grouped into three clusters (Cluster A, B and C). Read more about the types of personality disorders.

Consequences of personality disorders

People with a personality disorder have a high risk of developing addiction (alcoholism or drug addiction), suicidal behavior, reckless sexual behavior, hypochondria, and opposition to society's values.
- People with a personality disorder may have an inappropriate, overly emotional, abusive, or irresponsible parenting style, which leads to mental disorders in children.
- People with a personality disorder are susceptible to mental breakdowns as a result of stress (during a crisis, a person faces difficulties in performing the most ordinary tasks).
- People with a personality disorder may develop co-occurring mental disorders (such as anxiety, depression or psychosis).
- People with a personality disorder often do not have enough contact with a therapist or doctor because they refuse responsibility for their behavior, are distrustful, or feel overly needy.

Treatment of personality disorders

Medicines
Drug therapy is sometimes used to reduce anxiety, depression, and other distressing symptoms. Drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for depression and impulsivity. Anticonvulsants reduce impulsivity and temper tantrums. Other drugs such as risperidone Risperdal are used to combat depression and feelings of depersonalization in people with borderline personality disorder.

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