Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammatory process of the maxillary sinus, which, depending on the form and stage, manifests itself in a variety of clinics. Statistics show that the proportion of chronic sinusitis in adults among all nasal pathologies reaches 50%. It is diagnosed equally often in both men and women in all age categories. In Russia, there are 12 cases of the disease per 100 inhabitants. In Europe, this figure is half that - 6 people out of 100 get sick.

In addition, chronic sinusitis is often referred to as rhinosinusitis. The disease interferes with normal nasal patency due to the large secretion of mucus, it is extremely difficult to breathe through the nose, the face may be swollen. Throbbing headaches are often noted.

The main causes of the chronic form

Inflammation of the maxillary sinus occurs due to the effect of an infection, an allergen on the mucous membrane. If the disease is not completely cured, it is protracted, then sinusitis becomes chronic. In adults, it is most often caused by a bacterial infection, the cause of the disease is infection with Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza. The cause of sinusitis can be viruses, anaerobic bacteria, yeast-like, mold fungi.

Contribute to the onset of the pathological process in the sinus, impaired nasal breathing due to congenital or acquired anatomical defects (for example, curvature of the nasal septum, polyps).

Key risk factors causing the chronic course of the disease:

• Previously transferred acute form of sinusitis, which was not treated;
• protracted infections of the nasopharyngeal region -, etc .;
• a disease or deficiency that disrupts the outflow of mucus, for example, a deviated nasal septum;
• cysts, polyps in the maxillary sinus;
• diseases of the upper teeth;
• interventions in the field upper jaw;
• bad habits - smoking, alcohol abuse;
• prone to allergic reactions.

The main forms of chronic sinusitis are:

• edematous-catarrhal;
• purulent;
• polyposis;
• mixed (purulent-polypous).

Since the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses is very thin, the infection can get into them from the oral cavity (for example, from teeth affected by caries, inflamed gums, etc.) - in this case, the disease is called chronic odontogenic sinusitis.

Regardless of what caused the development of the disease and no matter what subspecies it belongs to, chronic sinusitis can be either unilateral or affect both sinuses.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis in adults can last for years, aggravated by a decrease in the patient's immunity, adverse external conditions. Aggravation chronic form proceeds in the same way as acute sinusitis. The patient is concerned about the following symptoms:

• headache;
• nasal discharge;
• temperature rise;
• sinus pain and nasal congestion;
• violation of nasal breathing;
• purulent discharge from the nose, yellow or greenish, with an unpleasant odor.

Chronic sinusitis proceeds in waves: remission is replaced by exacerbation. An exacerbation is accompanied by a more pronounced manifestation of symptoms:

• The temperature rises to 37.5 about C;
• the patient feels chills and general malaise;
• sneezing appears;
• the pain becomes more expressive, especially when a person tilts his head, coughs and sneezes, she gives it to the teeth and the root of the nose.

Provokes exacerbation: hypothermia, high humidity, colds, allergic reactions, runny nose, flu.

During the period of remission (the period of absence of symptoms of the disease), various symptoms can be observed, less pronounced, inconsistent:

• nasal congestion;
• persistent runny nose, not amenable to treatment, periodic purulent discharge;
• mucus running down the back of the throat (feeling that mucus is draining from the nasopharynx, a constant desire to swallow, sometimes there is a sensation of a lump of mucus in the throat that cannot be swallowed);
• headaches, mainly in the eye sockets. The pains become more intense during blinking, and in the supine position they disappear;
• heaviness in the face, cheeks, feeling of pressure, fullness;
• a characteristic symptom - in the morning there may be swelling of the eyelids;
• (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, accompanied by tearing, sensation foreign body In eyes);
• nasality;
• due to a violation of nasal breathing, the patient's sense of smell is significantly worsened .;
• lacrimation.

The nature of nasal discharge also depends on the form of the inflammatory process and the degree of damage to the maxillary sinuses. Chronic purulent sinusitis is characterized by the release of mucus from the nose with an admixture of pus, which has a very bad smell. In the catarrhal form of the inflammatory process, discharge from the nose is viscous and mucous.

In addition to specific complaints, patients are concerned about unmotivated weakness, disturbed sleep and wakefulness, decreased performance, and irritability.

Possible complications and health consequences

It should be understood that any form of sinusitis, and, in particular, purulent, can cause quite serious complications. This is due to the location of the infection, and the close proximity of the maxillary sinuses to the brain. That is why competent and qualified treatment of the disease is necessary, both during the period of exacerbation and during remission.

Chronic sinusitis can have the following complications:

• inflammation of the membranes of the brain;
• brain abscess;
• purulent inflammation of the soft tissues of the orbit;

Diagnostics

First of all, the doctor collects an anamnesis, specifying the patient's symptoms, the duration of the disease and the previous treatment regimen. Then proceeds to the external examination, sinus palpation and anterior rhinoscopy.

The main method for diagnosing chronic sinusitis is fluoroscopic examination. The radiograph allows you to confirm the inflammatory process in the sinus, to detect cysts, polyps in the maxillary cavity. Accurate data on the degree of pathology allows you to get the method of computed tomography.

You need to see a doctor if:

• A person has been ill several times, but still cannot cure him;
• There are symptoms of sinusitis, the duration of which is more than a week;
• Symptoms do not go away with proper treatment.

To exclude the risk of complications and the transition of ENT diseases into a chronic form, it is important to diagnose them in a timely manner.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults

Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammatory process of the maxillary sinus, which, depending on the form and stage, manifests itself in a variety of clinics. The danger lies in the fact that in the absence of treatment and erased signs, the disease causes constant intoxication of the body.

Conservative treatment includes wide range events. They are carried out both during the period of exacerbation and during remission.

The key principles of treatment of chronic forms of sinusitis are:

• The choice of antibiotic, strictly taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen;
• Exacerbation of sinusitis is treated in the same way as the acute form;
• In adults, the treatment of chronic sinusitis in remission is carried out conservatively (washing the sinus, physiotherapy, mucolytics, antihistamine and restorative therapy);
• If necessary, corrective operations are performed to restore sinus aeration and normal nasal breathing: septoplasty, removal, conchotomy, polypotomy, etc .;
• In the absence of a positive effect from conservative therapy and the development of complications, chronic sinusitis is subject to full surgical treatment.

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis are used in case of prolonged, persistent runny nose, fever, fever, general malaise and pain in various parts of the face, which may be permanent or appear sporadically. In such cases, the treatment of the chronic form requires a special approach, according to the specific symptoms of the disease.

Basically, doctors prescribe the following antibiotics to patients:

• amoxicillin,
• augmentin,
• Ampiox,
• doxycycline,
• trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
• tsifran,
• macrofoam,
• Gramox (Flemoxin Solutab),
• ceftriaxone,
• Cefazolin.

The best result is achieved when using new generation antibacterial agents - Augmetin, 3rd generation Cephalosproin, Azithromycin, Bioparox, etc.

Systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for moderate and severe forms, as well as when establishing the streptococcal nature of the inflammatory process. The course of treatment is strictly individual in each case.

Vasoconstrictor drops

In chronic sinusitis, adults are prescribed mild vasoconstrictor drops - naphazoline, oxymetazoline. They do not dry out the mucous membrane, they can be used for a week, like other medicines, under the supervision of a doctor.

• Vasoconstrictors - Xylometazoline, "", "Rinonorm", "Xymelin", "Rinorus", "Rinotaiss", "Tizin".
• Drops with antibiotics - "Isofra", "Polydex", "Sofradex", "Garazon", "Vibrocil".

Physiotherapy

During exacerbation, physiotherapy methods are aimed at stabilizing the patient's condition, during remission - at stopping (suppressing) the syndrome. Physiotherapy is prescribed when the contents of the maxillary sinus are freely separated.

Apply:

• Sollux - phototherapy procedure;
• diathermy - a method of electrotherapy;
• ultrahigh frequency currents;
• inhalation.

Washing the sinuses

Nasal lavage can be carried out both independently and in the office of an otolaryngologist. It depends on the severity of the disease. To achieve this goal, both antiseptics and saline solutions are used.

To wash out the pus from the sinuses and destroy pathogenic bacteria in them, a course of washing the cavities with disinfectant solutions (Dioxidin, Furacilin) ​​is carried out, followed by the introduction of antibiotics and enzyme preparations, such as Lidaza, into them.

Flushing according to Proetz, popularly referred to as the "cuckoo", involves the movement of liquid under the influence of a vacuum. Using a catheter, a solution with an antiseptic is poured into one nostril, and a liquid with pus is drained from the other nostril by an electric suction.

If washing is done independently, at home. First of all, you need to make sure that sterile, distilled, pre-boiled water is used to prepare the solution, which must be pre-cooled and filtered using a filter with pores of 1 micron or less.

In addition, be sure to clean the rinsing devices after each use with sterile and distilled water, leaving it open to dry afterwards.

Puncture of the maxillary sinus

Puncture for chronic sinusitis is done under local anesthesia. For this, lidocaine is used. They are moistened with tampons and deeply injected into the nasal passage. The puncture is made with a very sharp needle after freezing. The patient does not feel any pain.

If you do not start the disease, you can get by with one puncture, and there are many examples of this. And if you come to the doctor at the earliest stage of sinusitis, treatment may well be limited to prescribing drugs and washing the nose.

In some cases, when chronic sinusitis is severe, the patient is recommended an operation - sinus otomy, during which the surgeon opens the affected sinus and sanitizes it.

In uncomplicated chronic sinusitis, the prognosis depends on individual characteristics organism, consistency of the immune response; generally favorable. The prognosis worsens with the addition of complications, the absence of the effect of ongoing conservative therapy.

How to cure chronic sinusitis folk remedies?

According to statistics complex treatment contributes to a speedy recovery. The simultaneous use of medications and the use of folk recipes will help get rid of chronic sinusitis in less time.

You should know that without first consulting a doctor, folk recipes are not only useless, but also dangerous to health!

1. Cyclamen root. It contains saponins - substances that cause an increase in mucus secretion, as a result of which tissue swelling disappears. To prepare drops with cyclamen juice, the root of the plant is rubbed on a grater and squeezed through gauze. The resulting liquid is diluted with a solution of furacilin 1 to 4 and one drop is instilled into the nostril from which inflammation is observed. The procedure is repeated three times a day for a week. Contraindications are pregnancy and lactation.
2. Honey streak. This bee product is extremely effective against bacterial and inflammatory disease nasopharynx. And its application is simple - you just need to chew one tablespoon of zabrus six times a day. Tasty and healthy!
3. To relieve puffiness at home, you can use decoctions of St. John's wort, propolis, Kalanchoe, eucalyptus drops and other medicinal plants.
4. For this method of treatment, it is desirable to choose a wild chestnut. It should be soaked for several hours and, when it becomes soft, peel. From the white core, you need to scrape off the chips and gently insert them into both nostrils. You can also make small candles from chestnut and insert them into your nose like turundas. Apply chestnut should be within a week.
5. Washing the maxillary sinus is an integral step in the treatment of chronic sinusitis at home. Sea salt is best for rinsing, which makes the water softer. Sea salt also provides an antiseptic effect, which is especially valuable at an early stage in the development of the disease. In order to properly carry out the washing procedure, it is necessary to prepare a solution sea ​​salt. For two glasses of warm water (approximately 40-42 degrees), it is recommended to put one teaspoon of sea salt.
6. Tui oil perfectly copes with many ailments, including sinusitis. It is made from the cones and needles themselves. This tool has an excellent antibacterial effect, is a good prevention against infectious diseases, strengthens the immune system.
7. Sea buckthorn oil or rosehip oil will soothe the mucous membrane if you drip 2 drops into each nostril up to three times a day.

Prevention

Prevention of chronic sinusitis for adults is reduced to the following activities:

• Timely treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and organs of the respiratory system.
• An important factor is the rehabilitation of foci of chronic infection - carious teeth, chronic tonsillitis and others.
• Treat colds under medical supervision. Complete the therapy course. If it is said that antibiotics should be drunk for 2 weeks, then they should not be stopped, even if on day 3 they felt significant relief.
• Use a humidifier. If the air in your home is dry enough, then there are certain risks of sinusitis. Therefore, it is recommended to use a humidifier. Do not forget to clean the appliance regularly, removing accumulated dirt and mold.

The best way to prevent is to prevent colds. This requires timely detection and competent, influenza.

Sinusitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process affects the paranasal sinuses. Often the cause of the manifestation of the pathology is a repeated deep runny nose or improper treatment of a recent cold. Sinusitis can also occur when the patient starts the condition of the upper teeth and rarely visits the dentist. If the disease is not treated in time, a large amount of mucus accumulates, which subsequently causes pus.

It is important to carry out timely treatment of sinusitis, until pus appears. The purulent stage can cause complications and manifestations of serious diseases.

The protective properties in the body with the development of sinusitis suffer dysfunction. The infection affects not only the nasal cavity, but also the pharynx. Pathological processes serve to damage the respiratory tract due to the penetration of infectious bacteria.

Chronic sinusitis is provoked by the listed pathologies:

• Narrowness of the nasal passages.
• Acute inflammation. In a special way, this applies to cases where the outflow of pathological secrets is carried out under adverse conditions.
• Neoplasms in the nasal cavity, polyps.
• Curved nasal septum.
• granuloma formation.
• Lateral wall and middle turbinate touch.

Often, inflammation from one sinus is transferred to another, becoming bilateral. This is how chronic development occurs.

• The appearance of sneezing.
• The general state of health decreases, the patient is tormented by fever.
• There is an increase in temperature.
• When the head is tilted, the patient feels pain radiating to the jaw and nose.

Sinusitis can worsen with hypothermia, colds, allergies or high humidity.

Chronic sinusitis manifests itself when it lasts more than six months.

Remission may similarly be accompanied by symptoms that are less pronounced and intermittent:

1. Frequent discharge from the nose. The occurrence of periodically pus.
2. Eyelids swell in the morning.
3. Frequent tearing.
4. Difficulty breathing due to congestion.
5. Acute headache, especially affecting the eye sockets. Blinking provokes painful sensations, while lying down promotes elimination.
6. Lowering the voice.
7. Frequent attempts to swallow mucus that runs down the back wall. Frequent feeling of a lump in the throat.
8. Deterioration of smell.
9. Manifestation of conjunctivitis. The mucous membrane of the eye becomes inflamed, the process is accompanied by frequent release of tears. There is a sensation of foreign objects in the eye.

Discharges with pus in this case are of a chronic nature, the process is accompanied by an unpleasant odor. Catarrhal viscous mucus.

Patients often complain of lethargy, unprovoked fatigue, sleep disturbances. Efficiency decreases, often an irritated state becomes the norm.

Timely treatment is extremely important not only to eliminate the symptoms, but to prevent pathological complications. Penetration of pus to nearby tissues and organs can have negative consequences. The process is accompanied by damage to the teeth, nerve endings, and the brain may suffer.

Complications that can lead to improper therapy or if the disease is not treated at all:

• Swelling of the brain.
• Focal accumulation of pus in the brain.
• Meningitis.
• Sepsis.

The affected brain is not the only consequence of exposure to pathogenic microflora. The disease can also affect the orbit, eyelids, upper jaw, and cause inflammation in the middle ear.

Frequent sore throats and pharyngitis can similarly be causes of the chronic form.

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Diagnostics

The specialist first examines the patient, identifying symptoms and collecting the necessary data. The previous therapy used in the treatment of the disease, and the duration of the pathology, likewise play a large role in the diagnosis. The doctor may need to palpate the sinuses and rhinoscopy.

Diagnosis of pathology can be carried out through fluoroscopic examination. Thanks to x-rays, it is possible to detect or obtain confirmation of the manifestation of the inflammatory process in the sinuses, to identify neoplasms in the nasal cavity. Computed tomography will provide the necessary information about the stage of the disease and its course.

A visit to the doctor should be resorted to in the following cases:

1. Proper therapy does not give results: the symptoms cannot be eliminated.
2. The patient had previously been exposed to sinusitis (perhaps more than once), could not fully recover.
3. Manifestation of symptoms for one or more weeks.

Timely diagnosis will help minimize risks and avoid complications. ENT diseases often begin to be chronic due to their being triggered by the patient.

Chronic sinusitis cannot be left untreated even when the symptoms cease to annoy, and overall well-being improves. An exacerbation of the pathology can occur at any time if you do not turn to preventive measures and do everything to prevent it. The acute phase and the regularity of the onset of symptoms, as well as the severe course of the disease, depend directly on the actions of the patient.

To get rid of chronic sinusitis without resorting to operations, it is possible with the help of several schematic actions:

1. It is necessary to reduce the inflammatory process affecting the sinuses.
2. The main root causes of the pathology should be eliminated.
3. The patency of the nasal passages must be restored.
4. The resulting sinusitis should be reduced in number.

Physiotherapy treatment is resorted to when remission occurs:

1. The use of ultrasound on the maxillary sinuses.
2. Application of ultrahigh-frequency and laser therapy.
3. Using the microclimate of the salt cave (speleotherapy).
4. Magnet therapy applied to the throat.
5. Ultraphoresis.

A severe course of the disease can cause the appointment of a puncture of the maxillary sinuses. With this procedure, you can completely get rid of pus in a short time. It is impossible to replace antibiotics and other medications with it, but a puncture can serve as a good help to these remedies.

How to treat chronic sinusitis folk remedies?

Traditional medicine is famous for its many ways to help in the fight against sinusitis. It is necessary to resort to them after receiving a doctor and under his control, so as not to bring complications to your body.

How to cure chronic sinusitis using folk remedies:

• Use of iodine solution for washing.
• The use of inhalations. Using boiled potatoes, water with honey.
• Warming up the nasal cavity with the right egg.
• The use of aloe juice for instillation into the nose.

Self-treatment in any case is not a way out of the situation. Folk remedies are not equivalent to medicines prescribed by a doctor.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammation that affects the maxillary sinus. Clinical picture diseases directly depends on certain stages and forms. Sinusitis is serious and dangerous disease, which, in the absence of therapy and minor symptoms, causes lethargy and unmotivated fatigue in the body. Because of this, intoxication occurs.

The patient's conservative methods are distinguished by a wide range of different procedures. They can be carried out both in the acute form and in the course of remission.

There are several key principles that guide the treatment of the chronic form of the disease:

1. Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis.

The course of antibiotics is prescribed only by a specialist. Often, doctors prescribe Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, which are used in a combined way. If the patient suffers from a reaction to individual drugs, their substitutes are used.

Antibiotics prove their effectiveness in a matter of days: usually five to six days are enough for the first analysis. Strong antibiotics are resorted to if no results have been achieved, but the specified period has come to an end. Often, antibiotic therapy lasts a couple of weeks, during which you need to strictly follow the doctor's instructions and do not forget about taking the drugs. The maximum appointment time for individual clinical cases is twenty-one days.

1. Vasoconstrictor drops.

Vasoconstrictors are approached with caution. Such drugs should be used for no more than a week at a time. It is better to give preference to drops that act gently on the mucous membrane to avoid overdrying: Naphazoline or Oxymetazoline.

Physiotherapy helps in case of exacerbation of the disease. Thanks to the procedures, the condition stabilizes, and the patient's well-being returns to normal in a short time. When it comes to remission, physiotherapy is used to curb the pathology. Only a specialist can prescribe physiotherapy.

Procedures used in therapy:

• ultrahigh frequency therapy;
• electrotherapy;
• inhalation.

1. Sinus lavage.

For washing the sinuses use the "Cuckoo". The procedure is performed if the sinus fistula does not suffer malfunction and dysfunction. With a neglected or complicated course of the disease, they do not resort to the "Cuckoo". Weakened mucosal immunity can also be the reason for refusing to carry out this method of treatment.

Often there is a combination with laser therapy. This type of washing makes it possible to get rid of pus in the sinuses, while the laser beam will relieve swelling and relieve the inflammatory process. "Cuckoo" refers to painless, albeit unpleasant methods of getting rid of sinusitis. There is no need to use painkillers.

Five to seven sessions are enough to feel an improvement in the patient's well-being. Each session helps to improve breathing and the disappearance of headaches. Basically, the patient's condition begins to improve after the first procedure. Often this method is effective in combination with antibiotics.

1. Puncture of the maxillary sinus.

Chronic sinusitis is often treated with a puncture. So, it becomes possible to get rid of pus with a syringe. An antiseptic solution is used for washing, and antibacterial drugs are administered.

It can often turn out that the puncture will be the most effective technique in the treatment of the disease, if not the only one. The method is good because it allows you to get rid of pus as soon as possible. This may be especially true for pregnant women.

The most effective preventive measure remains adequate and competent therapy. It is better to get rid of the disease in the initial stages than to suffer with complications later.

It is extremely important for a person facing a problem earlier not to refuse treatment if necessary and to help the body in a timely manner. It is necessary to minimize the possibility of hypothermia, harden the body and balance the diet. So, you can not only get rid of sinusitis forever, but also prevent its very appearance.

Chronic sinusitis occurs with a complicated course of the acute phase of the disease, in which it is not possible to choose the right treatment or it was initially incorrect. In the chronic form of the disease, the same medications are used as in conventional treatment, but a special combined regimen can be selected that will avoid a large number of relapses in the future. Necessarily in the treatment of pathology, antibacterial drops are used, washings and oral antibiotics can be prescribed. The use of vasoconstrictor drops is only possible on prescription, as they are not always well tolerated at the same time as other medicines.

Among the symptoms of chronic sinusitis, the following points stand out:

• severe weakness against the background of a slight increase in body temperature;
• the nose is constantly blocked, mucous secretions come out of it;
• the voice acquires a characteristic shade of nasality, which develops against the background of a large amount of sputum;
• there is constant pain in the sinuses, which can radiate to the teeth, forehead and ears, increases with a slight tilt of the head forward, with sneezing and coughing;
• due to irritated mucosa, the patient often sneezes;
• in the absence of proper treatment, the runny nose becomes purulent, and the discharge becomes a characteristic yellow-brown color;
• during the remission stage, the patient may experience symptoms such as heaviness in the cheeks, severe lacrimation, pus discharge without a runny nose.

Attention! Similar symptoms may also appear during common cold. But such specific signs as sinus pain, green discharge and a strong nasal voice should make you turn to a specialist to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

Oral antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Azithromycin

A good third-generation antibiotic that can eliminate most pathogenic bacteria. Used in adults and childhood at the right doses. Adult patients with the development of a chronic type of inflammation take 0.5 g of Azithromycin once a day without food. Treatment at the same dose is carried out for three days, after which the medication is completely canceled.

Amoxicillin

It can also be prescribed for the chronic type of sinusitis, but shows less resistance to bacteria, since they can develop resistance to the active substance of the drug. It is taken for a minimum course of seven days, rarely causes irritation of the intestines and other side effects. Dosage active substance may be 250-500 mg three times an hour after a meal or one hour before it. It is produced in the form of tablets and capsules, the latter show a more noticeable result, since the active substance begins to disintegrate after it enters the stomach.

Attention! Most experts agree that it is best to prescribe macrolide antibiotics to patients. They are the least dangerous and toxic even for a weakened immune system, in addition, they additionally stimulate the protective functions of the body.

Antibacterial drops against chronic sinusitis

Polydex

In the treatment of chronic sinusitis, you should choose a drug that includes phenylephrine. It is allowed to use the medication from the age of 2.5, but in childhood, doses are selected separately for each child. Adult patients, taking into account the intensity of the manifestation of sinusitis, make one injection into each nasal passage no more than five times a day. The tool facilitates breathing, frees the path from sputum and relieves swelling. You can take Polydex for 10 days, a longer course only with the permission of Laura.

Isofra

It is produced in the form of a spray, which is an analogue of Polydex. The composition of Isofra also includes phenylephrine, which shows a quick antibacterial and decongestant effect. The drug is used up to 6 times a day by adult patients and up to three times a day in children. One injection is required in each nostril. The recommended course of therapy cannot exceed 7 days.

Framinazine

Available in the form of a spray. It has a specific smell, the impact strength is slightly lower than Isofra and Polydex. Framinazin can be used in childhood and adulthood with the appointment of appropriate safe doses. Patients over 15 years of age are recommended to do one injection of the active substance into each nasal passage no more than five times a day. The recommended course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Attention! They are usually prescribed only at the stage of exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. If purulent discharge is observed during remission, lavages are usually prescribed. It is not worth prescribing drops with an antibiotic on your own, so as not to provoke addiction to them.

Decongestant drops for chronic sinusitis

Leconil

It is usually prescribed to patients only from the age of three. At the same time, in childhood, drops can be used only for three days, the dose is 1 drop in each nasal passage 2 times a day. In this dosage, Leconil is taken up to 12 years old, but from 7 years old, the number of daily doses can be increased to three. Adult patients and children over 12 years old take the treatment three times a day, two drops in each nostril. The recommended course of therapy is 3-5 days. Longer treatment only with the permission of the attending physician.

Nazol Advance

fast acting medicine which relieves puffiness and suppresses the production of sputum. Shows instant results in combination therapy with Isofra or Polydex. It is not recommended to take in the presence of chronic sinusitis, complicated allergic rhinitis. It may exacerbate the symptoms of the second chronic disease. The dosage of Nazol Advance depends on the age of the patient.

Oxymetazoline

Available in the form of drops and spray, it shows a quick drying result. Due to the strong drying of the mucosa, the problem of irritation can arise, so these drops should not be dripped for more than three days in case of severe sensitivity. The dosage of the drug is 1-2 drops in each nasal passage up to three times a day. In childhood, the doses of the active substance are selected individually for each child. The duration of treatment with normal tolerability of the drug can not be more than 7 days.

Attention! It is always worth remembering that vasoconstrictor drops can cause thinning vascular wall, which leads to constant runny nose and the need to use drops on an ongoing basis. To prevent this from happening, you should take decongestants only for weekly courses and strict dosages. If the state of health allows, daily doses of vasoconstrictor drops can be reduced.

Sinupret against viral sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is not always provoked only by bacteria, so it is important to choose a medication that can attack viruses. With a viral course of the disease, antibiotics are absolutely useless and can even be dangerous. To exclude such consequences, a good antiviral medication is prescribed, which includes Sinupret. It is available in the form of drops and tablets, has a completely natural composition. Most often, patients are prescribed a liquid form of the drug, since it is she who shows a quick and noticeable result.

In the treatment of Sinupret, the overall level of immunity rises, sputum is separated faster and excreted from the body. In addition, the walls of blood vessels are strengthened, toxins are removed and the activity of the virus is suppressed. Taking into account the age of the patient, Sinupret is prescribed in the following doses:

• children from 2 to 6 years old, 15 drops three times a day;
• children from 6 years to 12, 25 drops also three times a day;
• adult patients take 50 drops of the drug three times a day.

The duration of treatment for each patient is determined individually, taking into account the complexity of the anamnesis and the response to therapy.

Attention! When prescribing doses of the active substance, one should also focus on the weight of the patient, in particular this is done in childhood. If the patient is suitable for a different age group, other doses of Sinupret can be prescribed.

Mucolytics against chronic sinusitis

Bronchobos

A drug that has a complex expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect. You can take Bronchobos in the form of capsules and syrup. In adulthood, capsules and 5% syrup are prescribed. Given the complexity of chronic sinusitis, patients are prescribed after 15 years 15 ml of syrup or 2 capsules three times a day. Therapy lasts no more than 10 days, a longer course of treatment is possible only with the permission of the attending physician.

Mucodin

Available in the form of syrup and tablets. Given the complexity of the chronic form, Mucodin can be taken from 10 to 30 days. In the first days of treatment, adult patients are prescribed 750 mg of the active ingredient three times a day. Upon reaching the required therapeutic effect and stabilization of the patient's condition, 1.5 g of Mucodin is taken in 4 divided doses.

Libeksin Muko

A good remedy of mucolytic nature, which can be taken from the first month of the patient's life. Adult patients are recommended to take 0.75 g of the active ingredient three times a day. At the same time, when a dose is missed, it is not required to replenish the amount of the active substance. Chronic sinusitis using Libexin Muko can be treated for 4 to 30 days, the duration of therapy is influenced by the severity of symptoms.

Attention nie! Preparations of this group contribute to a faster discharge of sputum and easier breathing. It must be used for sinusitis in combination with drops and other highly specialized drugs. With monotherapy, they do not show any result, which leads to serious complications.

Video - How to cure sinusitis without punctures and pain

Complementary treatment for chronic sinusitis

Depending on the presence of other symptoms and associated complications, the following treatments may also be used:

• the appointment of vitamin complexes to strengthen the whole body and raise protective functions;
• take painkillers such as Paracetamol, Efferalgan and Ibuklin, which additionally relieve fever;
• exposure to ultraviolet light, which helps to create an additional disinfecting effect;
• salt washing, in severe cases, the procedure is carried out directly in a medical institution;
• the introduction of antibiotics through injections or droppers, is carried out with advanced cases of chronic sinusitis;
• surgical interventions if sinusitis is provoked by injuries and congenital pathologies of the nasal cavity;
• puncture and installation of a catheter to drain pus;
• the appointment of antiallergic drugs, they can also be prescribed without the presence of allergies to reduce swelling and excretion of mucus.

Attention! In order for the treatment to be more successful, it is important to identify the exact causative agent of the problem. This will not only allow successful therapy, but also reduce the risk of relapse in the future.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis is desirable to be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician, who will be able to assess the complexity of the disease and prescribe the appropriate treatment. When using antibacterial agents, the simultaneous administration of oral and nasal medications is possible only in exceptional cases, when there is a strong intoxication of the body and the pus cannot resolve for a long time. With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, a puncture is prescribed, which will clear the sinuses.

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Sinusitis is called suppuration of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, localized in the region of the upper jaw. In some cases, the process is so severe that the inflammation affects not only the mucous membrane, but also the bones.

Acute sinusitis is a disease with rather indicative symptoms, so patients almost immediately go to the doctor and receive treatment. The situation is much more difficult with the chronic form of the disease, the signs of which can be confused with a runny nose, and it is not always possible to cure the pathology. That is why, with a disease such as chronic sinusitis, symptoms and treatment in adults and children should be diagnosed and prescribed by a specialist.

Causes

Protracted sinusitis appears due to untreated acute form. But there are other factors that cause this disease:

• the impossibility of a free outflow of purulent secretions from the sinuses;
• head bruises;
• presence in the maxillary sinus of foreign substances;
• curvature of the nasal septum;
• anatomical narrow course;
• proximity of anatomical cavities;
• growth of the adenoids.

Types of disease

Chronic sinusitis can be of several types. These include:

1. Necrotizing sinusitis - this type of disease is rare, but it is the most severe type of disease, as it is accompanied by the death of the mucous membrane.
2. - the patient has a discharge of thick purulent contents from the nose, accompanied by a putrid odor.
3. Catarrhal sinusitis is a pathology in which the secreted mucus from the nasal passages has a light color, it is quite plentiful, however, the patient retains significant swelling in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses.
4. Polypous sinusitis is a form of the disease, in which the growth of polyps in the maxillary sinus is activated.
5. Allergic sinusitis - the release of mucous non-purulent contents is provoked by exposure to the body of an allergen.
6. Caseous sinusitis is a form of the disease in which cheesy abundant discharge appears from the nose.
7. Odontogenic sinusitis is a disease provoked by suppuration in the region of the jaw, the root of the tooth.
8. Rhinogenic sinusitis - this form of the disease begins in the nasal passages, but it reaches its greatest development in the maxillary sinuses.

Features of diagnostics

The patient himself is also capable of suspecting an ailment at home due to a constant, non-stop runny nose and periodically appearing pain in the nose. With inflammation of one side, the pain will be localized in one place, and bilateral sinusitis causes pain on both sides of the nose. After the doctor collects an anamnesis, it is necessary to confirm the suspicions with the help of tests. So, a patient with suspected chronic sinusitis is x-rayed, sometimes there is a need to resort to computed tomography.

Also, a traditional study is the puncture of the maxillary sinuses to determine the qualitative composition of the pathological discharge. This allows you to determine the cause of sinusitis by finding viruses or bacteria there. Through the puncture of the cavity, preparations for washing the sinus, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobials. Sinus discharge is tested for sensitivity to antibiotics in order to choose the right drug for treatment. Antibiotic agents can be used both topically and orally.

Characteristic features

Signs of pathology in a protracted form are less pronounced, so people do not always adequately assess the severity of their condition, and permanent nasal congestion is attributed to a cold, allergic rhinitis, etc. Usually, in addition to nasal congestion, patients have a disturbed sense of smell, a nasal voice is acquired, and soreness persists in the forehead. The general state of health also suffers - working capacity decreases, constant fatigue, headache are felt.

When the condition worsens with chronic sinusitis, the temperature may rise, the head hurts even more, the eyelids and cheeks swell. When turning the head slightly forward and to the side, purulent contents are felt from the nose. Active separation of purulent contents and constant irritation of the mucous membrane provokes its swelling, hyperemia. Patients complain of constant discomfort in the nose.

Treatment of the disease

Sinusitis on initial stage can be treated at home folk remedies. In more complex cases, the doctor prescribes antibiotics to the patient, to which the causative agent of the pathology is sensitive.

• Among the drugs prescribed for chronic sinusitis, Isofra, Bioparox, Polydex are effective.
• For increase defensive forces the body is recommended immunomodulators, vitamin complexes(Pinosol, Sinuforte).
• If sinusitis is caused by an allergic factor, it is necessary to rid the body of the action of the allergen. Antiallergic drops for sinusitis are Vibrocil, Allergodil, Cetirizine.
• The disease can also be treated with Loratadine. The drugs Rinopront, Naphthyzin, Nazik have a vasoconstrictive effect.

Surgical intervention is resorted to in exceptional cases, when there is a threat of purulent fusion of bone tissue.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis folk methods

Chronic sinusitis can also be successfully treated with folk remedies. It is thanks to folk remedies that patients manage to quickly get rid of the disease at home, and also not harm the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. Below are the most effective recipes for chronic sinusitis.

sea ​​salt therapy

Washing the maxillary sinus is an integral step in the treatment of the disease at home. Sea salt is best for rinsing, which makes the water softer. Sea salt also provides an antiseptic effect, which is especially valuable at an early stage in the development of the disease.

In order to properly carry out the washing procedure, it is necessary to prepare a solution of sea salt. For two glasses of warm water (approximately 40-42 degrees), it is recommended to put one teaspoon of sea salt.

In this matter, it is important not to overdo it - a more saline solution will not bring a better result, but will only cause a burn of the mucous membrane.

Mix the water with salt well so that the salt particles dissolve. Next, the salt solution is settled so that the undissolved components settle down, and the upper liquid is drained. It is she who is used to wash the maxillary sinuses.

This is done as follows - the patient leans over the basin, a tube is inserted into one nostril, through which warm water will flow from the container, while the water should independently, without any pressure, enter the maxillary sinuses and exit from the opposite nostril. If after the first washings there is no negative reaction of the body to this method, then sinusitis can be treated with this folk remedy daily until the symptoms of the disease disappear completely.

Celandine in the fight against disease

Gives a good effect. For application, it is necessary to squeeze the juice from the celandine itself and add honey with aloe juice there. All ingredients are taken in equal proportions. A gauze swab moistened with the mixture is inserted into each nostril. The course of treatment is ten days.

They also use celandine for washing the nose. To prepare the product, a little more than a quarter liter of water is taken, where 3 drops of celandine juice are added. The resulting mixture is drawn in with one nostril as deeply as possible so that all the maxillary sinuses are treated with celandine. After that, the liquid with celandine can be blown out. The course of treatment with celandine is two weeks, three washings a day.

Thuja oil for the treatment of sinusitis

Tui oil perfectly copes with many ailments, including sinusitis. It is made from the cones and needles themselves. This remedy has an excellent antibacterial effect, is a good prevention against infectious diseases, strengthens the immune system.

At home, it is best to use thuja oil in the form of inhalation. To do this, ten drops of the product are added to the pan with hot water. Boiling water should be steep, but in order to prevent burns to the face, it is necessary to wait until the water cools down a bit. After that, the patient should bend over the pan and inhale the vapors with thuja oil through the nose. With such means, you can remove the swelling and get rid of the pathological contents of the maxillary sinuses.

If the disease progresses rapidly, then thuja oil can be instilled directly into the nasal passages. It is necessary to treat sinusitis with this remedy every four hours for two weeks.

Treatment with honey and soda

Do not despair if doctors prescribe a puncture - you can try to protect yourself from this with folk remedies if treated with soda and honey. To prepare a healing remedy at home, you need to mix 1 teaspoon of the following ingredients:

• soda;
• sunflower oil;

All three components are mixed well, then a cotton swab is dipped in it and injected into the nostril. The medicine should be fixed in each sinus for about 10-20 minutes. When performing this procedure, a burning sensation in the nostrils is possible, however, after a few procedures, the patient's condition should improve significantly.

Therapy with cyclamen juice

Cyclamen is not only a beautiful flower that adorns the windowsill in winter. It also helps at home to get rid of the manifestations of sinusitis, namely, purulent discharge from the nose. To cure chronic sinusitis, you need to squeeze the juice from the cyclamen root, dilute it with water in a ratio of 1: 4 and bury the nasal passages at night. Cyclamen juice is very specific, but all the discomfort can be endured in order to get rid of the disease.

When using cyclamen juice, you must be careful - it can cause an allergic reaction.

Propolis treatment

To cure suppuration with folk remedies, you can use a 20% alcohol tincture of propolis. However, it is not used in its pure form, but only in diluted:

• The ratio of propolis with vegetable oil- one to one.
• Propolis tincture should be mixed with water in a ratio of 1:5.

The diluted solution is instilled into the nose three times a day.

Kalanchoe therapy

Another assistant in the treatment of people with sinusitis at home is. This plant has hard fleshy leaves, from which the juice must be squeezed. It is this juice that helps to cure many different ailments.

With sinusitis, Kalanchoe provokes a kind of irritation, in which the patient is forced to constantly sneeze. It is sneezing in this way that allows you to get rid of the contents of the maxillary sinuses. Kalanchoe juice at home is used three times a day, a few drops.

Treatment with horseradish and lemon juice

An excellent remedy for the disease - horseradish. The root of this plant must be freed from the ground, washed with clean water and crushed. Next, the resulting raw material is mixed with lemon juice to get a thick mass.

It is necessary to take the remedy inside half a teaspoon, preferably before meals. It takes four months to treat the disease, after which the patient can take a break. Typically, the peak incidence occurs in spring and autumn, so during these periods, special attention should be paid to the use of drugs such as horseradish with lemon.

Treatment with folk remedies at home has allowed many patients to avoid the puncture of the maxillary sinus. This means that folk methods, along with drugs traditional medicine are effective treatments for chronic sinusitis.

Sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses (cavities) located in the bones of the skull, directly under the orbits. With a long-term acute inflammation and a poorly cured form of the disease, the pathology turns into chronic maxillary sinusitis or chronic sinusitis. The disease refers to the "running" form if more than two months have passed since the onset of the first symptoms.

Sinusitis in adult patients is more common, but is often observed in preschool children. According to statistics, up to 15% of the adult population falls ill with pathology every year, 5% of children and 20% of all patients suffer from an advanced form. It is possible to get rid of sinusitis forever only in 14% of all cases.

According to medical specialists, the main factors in the development of an advanced form are the weakening of the protective functions of the body and viral diseases upper respiratory tract. In rare cases, bacteria enter the maxillary cavities (cavities) with the flow of lymph or blood when infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, rubella, measles, diphtheria, mumps, chicken pox. In addition, signs of chronic sinusitis are manifested in the presence of anatomical features that disrupt air exchange and the outflow of mucus from the nose, such as:

• adenoids, polyps, cysts;
• irregularities (ridges, spikes) resulting from injuries or past illnesses;
• synechia (unions of the septum);
• foreign objects in the nose (more common in children).

One of the frequent cases of the disease is inflammatory processes in the roots of chewing teeth, which are located very close to the lower wall of the sinuses. Other common causes are allergies, ENT diseases, or fungal infections.

In the development of the disease, the work of the mucous glands of the tissues and cilia of the epithelium, which contribute to the promotion of mucus, is of great importance. Under the influence of adverse conditions, the epithelium is destroyed, which leads to a delay in secretion and the development of pathogenic microflora. The tissues of the mucous membrane swell and completely clog the openings of the cavity. Reproduction of infection in such conditions contributes to the development leukocyte infiltration(suppuration), chronic purulent sinusitis is formed.

Classification

To determine how to cure chronic sinusitis, a medical specialist must know the characteristics of all types of pathology. The disease is classified mainly according to the manifestation, course and duration of the disease. According to how the pathology manifests itself, it is divided into the following forms:

• Acute, which is often a consequence of prolonged rhinitis (runny nose), acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, and other diseases caused by viruses. It is characterized by severe pain and high fever.
• Recurrent - a form in which re-inflammation occurs after complete recovery.
• Chronic, which is often the result of long-term exposure bacterial infection on the body. May be the result of relapses.

Depending on the localization, inflammation is distinguished:

• unilateral type - defeat of one sinus;
• bilateral type - the defeat of both sinuses.

If the inflammatory process is observed in both cavities, then the diagnosis is "chronic bilateral sinusitis". This is the most common form of the disease.

Due to the occurrence, the following forms are distinguished:

1. Infectious - damage to the mucosa and the body as a whole by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungal infection.
2. Allergic - pathogens are allergens (pollen, animal hair, medicines).
3. Vasomotron - is an insufficiently studied type in which narrowing occurs blood vessels in the tissues of the inner lining of the nose.
4. Traumatic - an inflammatory complication after fractures and injuries of the upper jaw.

Morphological classification divides the forms of pathology according to the nature of the changes in the mucous membranes of the maxillary and nasal cavities:

• catarrhal sinusitis (maxillary) - the mucous membrane is thickened, there is edematous fluid in the cavity, the outflow of which is difficult due to closed anastomoses;
• purulent - the mucous membrane is strongly thickened, yellow, sometimes fleshy-red in color, with open ulcers in which the jaw bones are visible with signs of inflammation; the presence of viscous pus and dead tissues is noted;
• chronic polypous sinusitis - there is an anatomical change in the tissues that close the passages of the nose even without inflammation and swelling; polyposis masses grow due to the increased work of the mucous glands; is a consequence of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections;
• maxillary cystic sinusitis - a complication of the classic disease, characterized by large and small cysts located in the upper and deep layers of the mucous tissue of the caverns;
• atrophic - atrophied, as a result of inflammation of the gland, produce scanty fetid discharge;
• hyperplastic - there is fibrosis (proliferation of connective tissue) of the mucous membrane and hyalization (atrophy) of the vessels;
• caseous - necrotic masses completely fill the cavities, destroy tissues and spread into the nasal passages and into all cavities of the upper part of the skull.

In chronic sinusitis, different forms of pathology can progress in different combinations, but they always develop in exact sequence, and in advanced form lead to severe complications. The eyes are involved in the process of inflammation - conjunctivitis, keratitis, lacrimation develop, photophobia occurs. An infection that has penetrated through the walls of the jaw leads to inflammation of the dental canals, the development of pulpitis. Perhaps the defeat of the trigeminal nerve and the transition of inflammation to meninges. There is a risk of developing meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess. Therefore, timely treatment of the chronic form of sinusitis in adults and children is very important.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

The protracted form can last up to 8 months, showing clearly defined symptoms only during the period of exacerbation - after hypothermia or during colds that weaken the immune system. In the early stages, the manifestations of the disease are blurred, the patients feel satisfactory. They often confuse the disease with the common cold and do not apply for medical care. The only complaint may be shortness of breath, which becomes habitual for the patient.

The main symptoms of chronic sinusitis in adults are divided according to the severity of manifestations:

1. Mild form - in which patients rarely seek medical help due to the similarity of symptoms with the common cold:
   • a slight increase in temperature (not higher than 37 degrees);
   • weakness;
   • headache;
   • discharge of mucus from the nose;
   • altered voice tone.
2. Medium - requiring medical supervision and differing from the previous one by symptoms of moderate severity:
   • temperature rise to 38 degrees;
   • copious discharge of green or yellow mucus from the nose;
   • throbbing headaches that radiate to the teeth or ears;
   • accumulation of fluid in the maxillary sinuses;
   • swollen eyelids and cheeks;
   • conjunctivitis;
   • photophobia, lacrimation.
3. Severe - a complex form associated with intoxication of the body, requiring inpatient monitoring by medical staff. Accompanied by the following symptoms:
   • temperature rise to 39 degrees;
   • loss of smell;
   • weakness in the limbs;
   • aches all over the body - pain in muscles and bones;
   • increased level of fluid in the maxillary cavities.

A characteristic feature is a large amount of discharge in the morning. Often patients complain of pain at the base of the nose, extending to the superciliary arches and temples. Nausea and loss of appetite are constantly felt against the background bad smell. Patients complain of "bursting" and pressure in the sinus area, painful when palpated. Pustules and ulcers may occur on the gums and palate. Often, under the nose, cracks, swellings form on the skin, eczema develops, which is difficult to cure due to constant secretions. The clinical course is characterized by weakening and exacerbations of the disease. In warm weather, the impression of recovery is given, but with the onset of cold weather, the disease resumes with greater force.

Diagnostics

To cure the chronic type of the disease forever, it is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis and correctly distinguish the pathology from other diseases that have similar symptoms. A medical specialist - an otolaryngologist makes a diagnosis based on the analysis of the patient's complaints, visual, laboratory and instrumental studies. General examination - probing and tapping the anterior walls of the sinuses (maxillary bones), is not effective enough, instrumental studies show the full picture:

• rhinoscopy - examination of the nasal cavity with the help of nasal dilators, allows you to detect tumors and redness of tissues;
• endoscopy - a study using an optical device to determine the degree of inflammation;
• x-ray - allows you to see in the pictures the level of fluid, anatomical changes, cysts and growths;
• computed tomography - is used during remission and is the most effective way, allowing to make an accurate diagnosis by layered images and "determines" how to treat chronic sinusitis;
• MRI - is prescribed by the attending physician in case of suspicion of the presence of malignant tumors;
• Ultrasound is a safe and convenient research method that allows you to make a primary diagnosis;
• diaphanoscopy - translucence of the tissues of the nasopharynx with the light of a Hering lamp; allows you to detect neoplasms, cysts and polyps;
• oropharyngoscopy - an examination of the oral cavity using an electronic device in order to identify carious teeth.

Laboratory research:

1. Complete blood count - allows you to determine the infection, by the presence of monocytes, leukocytes and neutrophils (immunomodulatory cells).
2. Analyzes for immunoglobulins and serological analysis for HIV infection.
3. Cytological analysis of nasal mucus - determines the cellular composition of the fluid and allows you to determine the cause of inflammation.
4. Biopsy - taking a piece of mucosal tissue for examination, if malignant tumors are suspected.

One of the obstacles that arise during the procedures is pain, especially if you have to diagnose sinusitis in a child. For successful laboratory activities, local anesthesia is used during the procedure. In order to avoid complications, the doctor must find out in advance whether the patient has an allergy to painkillers.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis - can it be treated at home or is surgery better?

Treatment of pathology is based on the removal of edema of the mucous tissues of the nose - to open fistulas and normal outflow of fluid. It is important to restore the function of the ciliated epithelium. To do this, apply procedures aimed at the destruction of the infection that caused the inflammation.
Different forms of pathology require an individual approach to treatment. Acute chronic sinusitis, without the formation of dead cells and pus, is treated topically, with the help of drops that improve blood circulation, constrict blood vessels and relieve swelling. Catarrhal, serous, allergic, vasomotor, polypous and hyperplastic forms require more versatile conservative therapy, and in some cases surgical intervention.

Medical treatment

It consists in the mandatory use of nasal drops, which are used for 10 days, and then a break is taken. It is impossible to abuse these drugs, as they can lead to impaired vascular tone. The most common drugs for local procedures are tetrizoline, naphthyzine, oxymetazoline.

To achieve the best effect of the drugs, the patient is laid on his side, and drops are instilled into the nose, exactly in the half on which the patient lies. In this position, you must remain for 5 minutes and repeat the procedure on the opposite side. After the time has elapsed, it is advisable for the patient to blow his nose. After that, the patient is prescribed antibacterial nasal drops such as Polydex or Biparox. For removing allergic reactions apply antihistamines: "Loratadin", "Terfenadin", "Fenistil".
Antibiotics are used only when an exacerbation of chronic sinusitis occurs, the most effective of them:

• "Augmentin" (clavulanic acid and amoxicillin) - the dosage is prescribed depending on the age and degree of the disease and is taken in the form of tablets, several times a day after meals;
• "Amoxicillin" (a drug of the penicillin series) - an antibiotic capable of destroying a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, is taken in the form of tablets after meals, several times a day;
• "Doxycycline" (a derivative of Cetracycline) - has a wide spectrum of action, is taken in the form of tablets, up to 4 times a day, after meals, washed down with plenty of liquid.

Physiotherapy

Includes rinsing the nasal cavity with saline. This procedure washes away mucus, moisturizes soft tissues cavities and prevents the development of pathogenic microflora. Effective UHF heating, which accelerates the action medicines. With the regular use of conservative methods in combination with physiotherapy, it is possible to get rid of the pathology without surgery completely.

Surgical intervention

It is used in extreme, severe cases, when previous therapies were unsuccessful. With the accumulation of a large amount of pus, a puncture of cartilaginous tissues is prescribed, which contributes to the rapid outflow of fluid. The puncture is carried out after local anesthesia, pus is pumped out, the cavity is washed with drugs. The procedure lasts up to 10 days in stationary conditions.

Alternative methods of treatment - used at home

Chronic sinusitis, the symptoms and treatment of which in adults and children has little similarity due to age characteristics, is effectively cured by home methods. The use of folk remedies for chronic sinusitis is possible only after setting final diagnosis and during disease remission. In severe cases or during an exacerbation, it is better to contact medical professionals Otherwise, self-treatment can lead to complications or irreversible consequences. Home and natural remedies combined with drug treatment gently affect the human body and allow you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms in a short time.

Folk remedies are time-tested, and in order to cure chronic sinusitis, they will forever be required in long-term use. The most effective of them are washings, which require careful preparation and adherence to the rules:

1. Prepare the rinse solution (make sure the patient is not allergic to the contents).
2. Clear the nose of mucus. To do this, you can use nasal drops that will relieve swelling and provide a normal outflow of air. After 5 minutes, you can start the procedure.
3. Prepare a syringe (disinfect) or take a sterile syringe (without a needle).
4. The patient tilts his head over the sink and gradually introduces a warm liquid (temperature not higher than 35 degrees) into the "upper" nostril. The liquid, washing the nasal cavity, flows out through the second nostril or nasopharynx.
5. Repeat 3-4 times a day.
6. The amount of liquid used in one procedure is 150-200 ml.

The most popular solutions used for home treatment:

• honey - a teaspoon of natural honey is dissolved in a glass of cooled boiled water and the nose is washed up to 6 times during the day;
• saline - a teaspoon of sea salt is dissolved in a glass of cooled boiled water and the solution is gradually drawn into each nostril in turn. The procedure is repeated up to 6 times a day;
• chamomile infusion - pour a teaspoon of chamomile with a glass of boiling water, insist until it cools completely, filter through a sterile bandage.

Inhalations (inhalation of therapeutic vapors) are successfully used, the use of which requires strict adherence to the instructions:

• Thoroughly clean the nose before the procedure, you can drink herbal tea to thin the mucus.
• Inhalation should be carried out for 7-10 minutes.
• If inhalation is carried out over boiling vapors, the container with the decoction must be removed from the stove.
• After the procedures, it is undesirable to go out into the fresh air (especially in cold weather).
• Vapors are inhaled through the mouth and exhaled through the nose - only in this way phytoncides penetrate into the inflamed cavities.

Effective recipes for inhalation:

1. onion gruel - grate 1 onion and inhale, with eyes closed for 5-10 minutes. Onion volatiles help get rid of chronic sinusitis within a week and a half.
2. propolis tincture - dilute a teaspoon of propolis alcohol tincture in three liters of boiled water, carefully inhale the vapors; the procedure is performed up to 3 times a day and allows you to cure sinusitis at home in one week;
3. decoction of eucalyptus - a tablespoon of dried leaves pour 1 liter of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes. Carefully inhale the vapors for the prescribed time.

There are many ways of warming up, which, in combination with the main therapy, allow you to eliminate sinusitis at home quickly and effectively, but all conditions must be met:

1. Warming up is applied only during the period of free outflow of mucous secretions.
2. The procedure is carried out at a temperature not higher than 37 degrees.
3. It is forbidden to warm up with high blood pressure.

The most famous methods:

• chicken eggs - hard-boiled eggs (cooled to a comfortable temperature) are applied to the maxillary sinuses until completely cooled; repeat the procedure up to 4 times a day.
• heated salt - rock salt is heated in a dry frying pan, poured into a bag of thick cotton fabric and heated up to 4 times a day.

All procedures are carried out carefully, avoiding overheating and burns. Excessive heating of inflamed foci negatively affects the affected tissues and can increase the death of leukocytes, which increases the formation of purulent masses. It is important to remember that treatment with folk remedies is allowed only as an auxiliary method, according to the recommendations of a specialist. It is very difficult to eliminate chronic sinusitis at home even by the most effective means. At the first manifestations of the disease, it is urgent to consult a doctor who will tell you how to treat the pathology.

Features of the treatment of chronic sinusitis in children

Chronic sinusitis in children develops very quickly and is difficult to recognize due to its similarity with SARS, so it is important to take into account all the details when diagnosing. In preschool children, there may be no specific symptoms of the disease, and the collection of anamnesis is significantly complicated by the fact that the child cannot accurately describe what complaints he has. For an effective result in the treatment of chronic sinusitis in children, two types of therapy are used:

1. General - the main recommendation is bed rest, plenty of warm drinks, humid indoor air, diet, vitamins and medications allowed for children after three years:
   • antipyretic, in suppositories and suspensions ("Nurofen", "Paracetamol", "Ibuprofen");
   • thinning sputum, in syrups ("Bromhexine", "Lazolvan", "Pectolvan");
   • antibiotics in suspensions ("Sumomed", "Augmentin", "Klacid", "Azithromycin").
2. Local - in this case, measures are used that moisturize the mucous membrane, dissolve infiltrates and promote the outflow of mucous fluid:
   • instillation of children's drops such as "Dlyanos", "Nazivin", "Marimer" (use no more than 5 days, 3 times a day);
   • the use of sprays - "Xymelin", "Vibrocil", "Nazol baby" (use no more than 5 days, 3 times a day);
   • the use of tampons impregnated with ointments - "Oxolin", "Fleming", "Levomekrl" (use for no more than 10 days in combination with drops and spray, 3 times a day);
   • washing the nose with a warm solution of potassium permanganate (light pink in color); 4-5 times a day;
   • washing with a solution of iodine 4-5 times a day (for 1 glass of cooled boiled water - 2 drops of iodine);
   • inhalation with a nebulizer (before going to bed), using drugs - Tonzilong, Rinoflumicil, Polydex.

Parents always ask themselves the question: "Is it possible to cure chronic sinusitis in a child without the use of antibiotics?" Doctors are unanimous in their opinion - it is possible, but only if the disease is mild. In this case, it is possible to treat sinusitis at home under the supervision of a pediatrician.

Folk remedies, as in adult patients, are used only as additional funds to the main method of treatment. Before using them, you need to make sure that the child is not allergic to it.

Recipes that are safe for children from 1.5 years old:

1. Drops from beetroot juice. Slightly warmed juice from fresh beets is instilled 2-3 drops up to 7 times a day.
2. Drops from the juice of Kalanchoe leaves. Carefully, under running water, rinse a few fresh leaves, knead and squeeze through sterile gauze. Bury 3 times a day, 2-3 drops.
3. Tampons made of honey and Vaseline. Twist small swabs of cotton wool and a sterile bandage, soak with a mixture (one to one) of petroleum jelly and honey. Insert alternately into each nostril for 10 minutes.
4. Steam inhalation. Rinse thoroughly 5-6 potatoes, boil in their skins. In a deep bowl, knead, add 4-5 drops of eucalyptus oil. You can take the child on your knees, and sit with him covered with a towel, inhaling the vapors until it cools completely. The procedure is preferably carried out before going to bed.
5. Massage. Every half an hour, with the pad of your index finger, tap on the nose of the child for 2 minutes.

What to do if the prescribed treatment of chronic sinusitis in children does not give a positive result? In these cases, the doctor prescribes surgical intervention (puncture of cartilaginous tissues), pumping out pus. This is a very painful procedure, so in order to avoid it, it is important to remember that the disease is easier to prevent than to think about how to get rid of it. Be with your child more fresh air, visit the dentist regularly, teach your child to blow his nose correctly. Avoid hypothermia of the child's body. Do not abuse immunomodulators pharmaceutical products, even the most effective of them can backfire.