Acute respiratory viral infection(ARVI) is a disease that affects the human respiratory system. The main cause of the development of the disease is contact with viruses. The route of transmission of viruses is airborne.

The prevalence of SARS

ARVI disease is widespread everywhere, especially in kindergartens and schools, work collectives. Young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems are at increased risk of infection.

The source of infection is an infected person. The high susceptibility of people to viruses leads to the rapid spread of the disease, the SARS epidemic is a fairly common occurrence throughout the world. Delayed treatment of the disease can lead to various complications.

Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections occur all year round, but the SARS epidemic is more often observed in autumn and winter, especially in the absence of high-quality prevention and quarantine measures to detect cases of infection.

Causes of SARS

The cause of the development of the disease is respiratory viruses, which are characterized by a short incubation period and rapid spread. The source of infection is a sick person.

The SARS virus is afraid of disinfectants, ultraviolet rays.

Development mechanism

Entering the body through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva of the eyes, viruses, having penetrated the epithelial cells, begin to multiply and destroy them. Inflammation occurs at the sites of introduction of viruses.

Through damaged vessels, getting into the bloodstream, viruses spread throughout the body. In this case, the body releases protective substances, the manifestation of which are signs of intoxication. If immunity is weakened, accession is possible bacterial infection.

Symptoms

All respiratory viral diseases have similar symptoms. At the beginning of the disease, a person develops a runny nose, sneezing, perspiration in the throat, body aches, the temperature rises, appetite disappears, loose stools appear.

Symptoms of SARS in a child can develop at lightning speed. Intoxication is rapidly growing, the baby is shivering, vomiting appears, and hyperthermia is pronounced. Treatment must be started immediately to avoid possible complications.

Signs of individual viral infections

Parainfluenza can be identified by mucous discharge from the nose, the appearance of a dry “barking” cough, and hoarseness. The temperature is not higher than 38 C⁰.

Adenovirus infection is accompanied by conjunctivitis. In addition, the patient may experience rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis.

With rhinovirus infection, symptoms of intoxication are pronounced, the temperature may not rise. The disease is accompanied by abundant mucous discharge from the nose.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection is characterized by not pronounced catarrhal symptoms or bronchitis, severe intoxication. Body temperature remains normal.

How is influenza different from SARS?

ARVI begins gradually, the development of influenza is rapid, a person can even indicate the time when he felt sick.

With ARVI, body temperature rises slightly, not higher than 38.5 C⁰. Flu is characterized by a sharp rise in temperature to 39-40 C⁰. The temperature in this case persists for three to four days.

In acute respiratory viral infections, the symptoms of intoxication are practically absent, the person does not shiver and does not sweat, there is no strong headache, pain in the eyes, photophobia, dizziness, body aches, working capacity is maintained.

With the flu, a severe runny nose and nasal congestion are absent, this is the main symptom of SARS. The disease is accompanied by reddening of the throat, with the flu, such a symptom is not always observed.

With SARS cough, chest discomfort occur at the very beginning of the disease, may be mild or moderate. Influenza is typical agonizing cough and chest pain, which appear on the second day of the disease.

Sneezing is typical for a cold, with the flu this symptom is not observed, but redness of the eyes is present.

After the flu, a person can feel weakness, headache, get tired quickly for another two to three weeks; after SARS, such symptoms do not persist.

Knowing how the flu differs from SARS will help a person assess their condition and take the necessary measures in time to help quickly get rid of the disease and avoid complications.

What are the symptoms of SARS should alert

You should immediately consult a doctor if the temperature rises to 40C⁰ or more, which is not brought down by antipyretic drugs, with impaired consciousness, intense headache and inability to bend the neck, rashes on the body, shortness of breath, cough with colored sputum (especially with an admixture of blood), prolonged fever, edema.

A visit to the doctor is also necessary if the signs of SARS do not disappear after 7-10 days. Symptoms of SARS in a child require special attention. If any suspicious signs occur, seek immediate medical attention. medical care.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made by the attending physician after examining the nasopharynx and examining the symptoms. In some cases, complications may require additional testing, such as a chest x-ray. This helps rule out pneumonia.

Complications

A frequent complication of SARS is the addition of a bacterial infection, which provokes the development of inflammatory processes: bronchitis, otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia. The disease can be complicated by the addition of an infection urinary tract, pancreatitis, cholangitis.

If the disease proceeds with pronounced intoxication, the result may be the development of convulsive or meningeal syndromes, myocarditis. Possible neurological problems such as meningitis, neuritis, meningoencephalitis. After the transfer of acute respiratory viral infections, complications can manifest themselves as an exacerbation of chronic diseases.

In children, false croup is a common complication.

To minimize the risk of complications, treatment should be started on time, following all the doctor's prescriptions.

How to treat

Treatment is mainly carried out at home. The patient should adhere to a semi-bed rest, observe a milk and vegetable fortified diet, drink plenty of fluids to thin sputum, stimulate sweating, and reduce the level of toxins.

But at a frantic modern pace, few people follow this rule, preferring to endure a cold “on their feet”, and relieve unpleasant symptoms with symptomatic means. The danger of this approach to treatment is that often symptomatic cold preparations contain phenylephrine, a substance that increases blood pressure and makes the heart work hard. In order to avoid the complications of a cold, you need to choose medicines without components of this kind. For example, AntiGrippin (preferably from Natur-Product) is a cold drug without phenylephrine, which eliminates the unpleasant symptoms of SARS without causing an increase in pressure and without harming the heart muscle.

In the treatment, antiviral drugs, means to increase immunity, antipyretics, antihistamines, drugs that promote sputum discharge, vitamins. Locally used vasoconstrictors that prevent the reproduction of the virus on the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Such treatment is important to carry out at the initial stage of the disease.

Drugs for the treatment of SARS

In the fight against the causative agent of the disease, the use of antiviral agents is effective: "Remantadin", "Amizon", "Arbidol", "Amiksin".

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary to reduce body temperature and reduce pain. These drugs include Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Panadol. It must be remembered that temperatures below 38 ° C do not go astray, since at such a temperature the body activates its defenses.

Antihistamines are needed to reduce signs of inflammation: nasal congestion, swelling of the mucous membranes. It is recommended to take "Loratidin", "Fenistil", "Zirtek". Unlike first-generation drugs, they do not cause drowsiness.

Nose drops are needed to reduce swelling, eliminate nasal congestion. It is worth remembering that it is impossible to use such drops for a long time, as this can provoke the development of chronic rhinitis. Drops are used no more than 7 days, 2-3 times a day. For long-term treatment, you can use preparations based on essential oils.

Sore throat remedies. Gargling with the use of disinfectant solutions is best in this case. For these purposes, you can use sage, chamomile. Rinse often, every two hours. Effective use of disinfectant sprays - Hexoral, Bioparox, etc.

Cough medicines are needed to thin the phlegm. This helps the use of "ACC", "Mukaltin", "Bronholitin", etc. It is important to use plenty of fluids, which also helps to thin the sputum. Cough suppressants should not be used without a doctor's prescription.

Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of SARS, this is only necessary when a bacterial infection is attached.

Except medicines, effective use of physiotherapy, inhalation, massage techniques, foot baths.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are very effective in the treatment of SARS. This can be an addition to the main treatment and helps to quickly cope with the disease. You can use the following recipes.

Not bad helps infusion of the fruits of viburnum and linden flowers, which must be crushed and mixed. Two tablespoons of the collection should be poured with 500 ml of boiling water, insist for an hour. The resulting infusion is consumed before going to bed in a glass.

Onion and garlic, which you can simply eat, cope well with the disease. Both in prevention and in treatment, such a remedy is useful: a few cloves of garlic and half a teaspoon of juice are consumed after meals. You can lay out chopped onions and garlic in the room and inhale their vapors.

A remedy made from honey and lemon juice is very effective. To prepare it, bee honey (100 g) is mixed with the juice of one lemon and diluted with boiled water (800 ml). The resulting remedy must be drunk throughout the day.

Prevention

What is the prevention of SARS in adults and children? To strengthen the body's defenses, you need to harden, lead an active lifestyle, walk on fresh air, do not neglect rest, avoid stress, and also observe hygiene (wash hands, vegetables, regularly do wet cleaning in the room).

Prevention of SARS in adults involves maintaining a proper diet. The menu should be dominated by natural products. Fermented milk products are useful for maintaining intestinal microflora and strengthening immunity. In addition, fiber should be present in the diet.

For prevention, you can take antiviral drugs or get vaccinated. Although it is impossible to completely protect yourself with a vaccine, as viruses are constantly mutating. Vaccination is recommended for children who attend kindergartens and schools, employees of medical institutions.

If preventive measures have not helped you avoid infection, take care of your recovery, as well as those around you. Since SARS is contagious, do not forget to cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, ventilate the room, if necessary, wear a gauze bandage. If these measures are followed, the disease will quickly leave your home.

SARS - symptoms and treatment

ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a huge group of diseases that are caused by various DNA and RNA viruses (there are about 200 of them).

They affect the respiratory system and are easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The disease always occurs acutely and proceeds with pronounced symptoms of a cold.

This is one of the most common diseases: in 80% of cases, schoolchildren miss classes due to the incidence of SARS, and adults lose almost half of their working time for the same reason. Today we will discuss SARS - the symptoms and treatment of this infection.

The main causes of the development of a viral respiratory infection are about two hundred different viruses:

• flu and parainfluenza, bird and swine flu;
• adenovirus, RS virus;
• rhinovirus, picornavirus;
• coronavirus, bocaruvirus, etc.

The patient becomes the source of infection during the incubation period and in the prodromal period, when the concentration of viruses in his biological secrets is maximum. The route of transmission of the infection is airborne, when sneezing, coughing, talking, screaming with small particles of mucus and saliva.

There may be infection through common utensils and household items, through dirty hands in children and through food contaminated with viruses. Susceptibility to a viral infection is different - people with strong immunity may not get infected or suffer a mild illness.

Contribute to the development of a respiratory infection such factors as:

• stress;
• poor nutrition;
• hypothermia;
• chronic infections;
• unfavorable environment.

Signs of the disease

The first signs of SARS in adults and children include:

SARS symptoms in adults

SARS usually proceed in stages, the incubation period from the moment of infection to the onset of the first symptoms is different, ranging from several hours to 3-7 days.

During the period clinical manifestations All SARS have similar manifestations of varying degrees of severity:

• nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal discharge from scanty to copious and watery, sneezing and itching in the nose,
• sore throat, discomfort, soreness when swallowing, redness in the throat,
• cough (dry or wet),
• fever from moderate (37.5-38 degrees) to severe (38.5-40 degrees),
• general malaise, refusal to eat, headaches, drowsiness,
• eye redness, burning, tearing,
• indigestion with loose stools,
• rarely there is a reaction of the lymph nodes in the jaw and neck, in the form of an increase with mild soreness.

Symptoms of SARS in adults depend on the specific type of virus, and can vary from a slight runny nose and cough to severe feverish and toxic manifestations. On average, manifestations last from 2-3 to seven or more days, the febrile period lasts up to 2-3 days.

The main symptom of ARVI is high contagiousness to others, the timing of which depends on the type of virus. On average, a patient is contagious last days the incubation period and the first 2-3 days of clinical manifestations, the number of viruses gradually decreases and the patient becomes not dangerous in terms of the spread of infection.

In young children, diarrhea is often a symptom of SARS. Babies often complain of pain in the abdomen at the first stage of the disease, then a disorder, and after that a sharp increase in temperature is possible. Perhaps the appearance of a rash on the body of the child. Cough and runny nose may appear later - sometimes even every other day. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the kids, and monitor the appearance of new signs.

How and how to treat SARS when the first symptoms appear, we will consider a little lower.

How many days does the temperature stay with orvi?

Inflammation in the throat and sneezing appear in the early stages of the development of the disease. And they usually go away in 3-6 days.

1. Subfebrile temperature (a mild manifestation of fever) and muscle pain usually accompany initial symptoms, the temperature during ARVI stays around a week, as Dr. Komarovsky says.
2. Nasal congestion, nasal sinuses, ear sinuses - general symptoms usually persist during the first week. In about 30% of all patients, these symptoms persist for two weeks, although all these symptoms usually disappear on their own in 7-10 days.
3. Usually the first few days the sinuses are not clogged, copious watery mucus is discharged from the nose, but after a while the mucus becomes thicker, takes on a color (green or yellow). A change in the color of the discharge does not automatically indicate the presence of a bacterial infection, in most cases the condition disappears after 5-7 days.
4. Cough appears in most cases of SARS, and is usually more productive than with the flu. The sputum ranges from clear to yellow-green and usually clears up in 2-3 weeks.

Although, a prolonged dry cough can persist for 4 weeks in 25% of cases of all infectious diseases.

flu symptoms

The influenza virus is not in vain excluded by most specialists from the ARI group. Its differences from common colds consist in lightning-fast development, increased severity of the course of the disease, as well as in complex treatment and an increased percentage of mortality.

1. Influenza comes unexpectedly and completely captures your body in a matter of hours;
2. Influenza is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature (in some cases up to 40.5 degrees), increased sensitivity to light, aches throughout the body, as well as pain: headache and muscle;
3. On the first day of the flu, you are protected from the common cold, which is characteristic only of this virus;
4. The most active phase of influenza falls on the third or fifth day of illness, and the final recovery occurs on days 8-10.
5. Considering that the influenza infection affects the blood vessels, it is for this reason that hemorrhages are possible: gingival and nasal;
6. After suffering the flu, you can catch another disease within the next 3 weeks, such diseases are most often very painful and can be fatal.

SARS prevention

To date, there are no really effective measures for the specific prevention of SARS. Strict adherence to the sanitary and hygienic regime in the focus of the epidemic is recommended. This is regular wet cleaning and ventilation of rooms, thorough washing of dishes and personal hygiene products for patients, wearing cotton-gauze bandages, frequent hand washing, etc.

It is important to increase the resistance of children to the virus through hardening, taking immunomodulators. Influenza vaccination is also considered a method of prevention.

During the epidemic, you should avoid crowded places, walk more often in the fresh air, take multivitamin complexes or ascorbic acid preparations. It is recommended to eat onion and garlic every day at home.

How to treat SARS?

Treatment of SARS in adults with a standard course of the disease is usually carried out at the patient's home. Mandatory bed rest, drinking plenty of water, drugs to combat the symptoms of the disease, light, but healthy and rich nutrients nutrition, warming procedures and inhalations, taking vitamins.

Many of us know that temperature is good, as this is how the body "fights" with the invaders. It is possible to bring down the temperature only if it has risen above 38 degrees, because after this mark there is a threat to the state of the patient's brain and heart.

It must also be remembered that antibiotics are not used for acute respiratory viral infections, since they are indicated for acute respiratory infections of exclusively bacterial origin (for example, tonsillitis), and acute respiratory viral infections are caused by viruses.

1. To directly combat the causative agent of the disease, antiviral drugs are prescribed: Remantadin (age limit from the age of seven), Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Amizon, Arbidol (age limit from two years old), Amiks
2. NSAIDs: paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac. These drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce body temperature, and reduce pain. It is possible to take these drugs as part of medicinal powders such as Coldrex, Tera - flu, etc. It should be remembered that it is not worth lowering the temperature below 38ºС, since it is at this body temperature that defense mechanisms against infection are activated in the body. Exceptions are patients prone to convulsions and small children.
3. Cough medicines. The main goal of cough treatment is to make the sputum thin enough to be coughed up. The drinking regimen greatly helps in this, since the consumption of warm liquid dilutes sputum. If there are difficulties in expectoration, you can use expectorant drugs mukaltin, ACC, broncholithin, etc. You should not prescribe drugs that reduce the cough reflex on your own, as this can lead to dangerous consequences.
4. Taking vitamin C can speed up recovery from SARS and alleviate the condition, but does not prevent the development of the disease.
5. For the treatment of a runny nose and improving nasal breathing, vasoconstrictor drugs are indicated (Phenylephrine, Oxymethasone, Xylometazoline, Naphazoline, Indanazolamine, Tetrizoline, etc.), and if necessary, longer use, drugs containing essential oils(Pinosol, Kameton, Evkazolin, etc.).
6. A good help in the body's fight against infection will be the intake of immunomodulators, for example, the drug Imupret. It improves immunity and has an anti-inflammatory effect, significantly reducing the period of SARS. This is exactly the remedy that is shown both for the prevention and treatment of colds.
7. With significant pain and inflammation in the throat, it is recommended to rinse with antiseptic solutions, such as furacilin (1:5000) or herbal infusions (calendula, chamomile, etc.).

Be sure to call the doctor if you or your child develops any of the following symptoms: a temperature higher than 38.5 C; Strong headache; pain in the eyes from the light; chest pain; shortness of breath, noisy or rapid breathing, difficulty breathing; skin rash; pale skin or the appearance of spots on it; vomit; difficulty waking up in the morning or unusual sleepiness; persistent cough or muscle aches.

Antibiotics for SARS

SARS are not treated with antibiotics. They are completely powerless against viruses, they are used only when bacterial complications occur.

Therefore, antibiotics should not be used without a doctor's prescription. These are drugs that are not safe for the body. In addition, uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant forms of bacteria.

SARS- various acute infectious diseases resulting from damage to the epithelium of the respiratory tract by RNA- and DNA-containing viruses. Usually accompanied by fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, lacrimation, symptoms of intoxication; may be complicated by tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. Diagnosis of SARS is based on clinical and epidemiological data, confirmed by the results of virological and serological tests. Etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections includes taking antiviral drugs, symptomatic - the use of antipyretics, expectorants, gargling, instillation of vasoconstrictor drops into the nose, etc.

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)

SARS are airborne infections caused by viral pathogens that mainly affect the respiratory system. SARS are the most common diseases, especially in children. During periods of peak incidence of acute respiratory viral infections, ARVI is diagnosed in 30% of the world's population, respiratory viral infections are many times higher in frequency than other infectious diseases. The highest incidence is typical for children aged 3 to 14 years. An increase in the incidence is noted in the cold season. The prevalence of infection is ubiquitous.

SARS are classified according to the severity of the course: there are mild, moderate and severe forms. The severity of the course is determined based on the severity of catarrhal symptoms, temperature reaction and intoxication.

Causes of SARS

SARS are caused by a variety of viruses belonging to different genera and families. They are united by a pronounced affinity for the cells of the epithelium lining Airways. SARS can cause different types influenza viruses, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, 2 RSV serovars, reoviruses. The vast majority (with the exception of adenoviruses) pathogens are RNA-containing viruses. Almost all pathogens (except reo- and adenoviruses) are unstable in environment, quickly die when dried, exposed to ultraviolet light, and disinfectants. Sometimes SARS can cause Coxsackie and ECHO viruses.

The source of ARVI is a sick person. The greatest danger is presented by patients in the first week of clinical manifestations. Viruses are transmitted by the aerosol mechanism in most cases by airborne droplets, in rare cases it is possible to implement a contact-household route of infection. The natural susceptibility of humans to respiratory viruses is high, especially in childhood. Immunity after infection is unstable, short-term and type-specific.

Due to the multiplicity and diversity of types and serovars of the pathogen, multiple incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in one person per season is possible. Approximately every 2-3 years influenza pandemics associated with the emergence of a new strain of the virus are recorded. SARS of non-influenza etiology often provoke outbreaks in children's groups. Pathological changes in the epithelium of the respiratory system affected by viruses contribute to a decrease in its protective properties, which can lead to the occurrence of a bacterial infection and the development of complications.

SARS symptoms

Common features of SARS: a relatively short (about a week) incubation period, acute onset, fever, intoxication and catarrhal symptoms.

adenovirus infection

Incubation period when infected with adenovirus, it can range from two to twelve days. Like any respiratory infection, it begins acutely, with a rise in temperature, runny nose and cough. The fever can last up to 6 days, sometimes it runs into two oxen. Symptoms of intoxication are moderate. For adenoviruses, the severity of catarrhal symptoms is characteristic: abundant rhinorrhea, swelling of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, tonsils (often moderately hyperemic, with a fibrinous coating). The cough is wet, sputum is clear, liquid.

May be enlarged and sore lymph nodes head and neck, in rare cases - lienal syndrome. The height of the disease is characterized by clinical symptoms of bronchitis, laryngitis, tracheitis. A common symptom of adenovirus infection is catarrhal, follicular, or membranous conjunctivitis, initially, usually unilateral, predominantly of the lower eyelid. In a day or two, the conjunctiva of the second eye may become inflamed. In children under two years of age, abdominal symptoms may occur: diarrhea, abdominal pain (mesenteric lymphopathy).

The course is long, often undulating, due to the spread of the virus and the formation of new foci. Sometimes (especially when serovars 1,2 and 5 are affected by adenoviruses), a long-term carriage is formed (adenoviruses are latently stored in the tonsils).

Respiratory syncytial infection

The incubation period, as a rule, takes from 2 to 7 days, for adults and children of the older age group, a mild course is characteristic of the type of catarrh or acute bronchitis. Runny nose, pain when swallowing (pharyngitis) may be noted. Fever and intoxication are not typical for a respiratory syncytile infection; subfebrile condition may be noted.

The disease in young children (especially infants) is characterized by a more severe course and deep penetration of the virus (bronchiolitis with a tendency to obstruction). The onset of the disease is gradual, the first manifestation is usually rhinitis with scanty viscous secretions, hyperemia of the pharynx and palatine arches, pharyngitis. The temperature either does not rise, or does not exceed subfebrile figures. Soon there is a dry obsessive cough like that of whooping cough. At the end of the coughing fit, thick, clear or whitish, viscous sputum is noted.

With the progression of the disease, the infection penetrates into smaller bronchi, bronchioles, the respiratory volume decreases, and respiratory failure gradually increases. Dyspnea is mainly expiratory (difficulty exhaling), breathing is noisy, there may be short-term episodes of apnea. On examination, increasing cyanosis is noted, auscultation reveals scattered fine and medium bubbling rales. The disease usually lasts about 10-12 days, in severe cases, an increase in duration, recurrence is possible.

Rhinovirus infection

The incubation period of rhinovirus infection is most often 2-3 days, but can vary within 1-6 days. Severe intoxication and fever are also not typical, usually the disease is accompanied by rhinitis, abundant serous-mucous discharge from the nose. The amount of discharge serves as an indicator of the severity of the flow. Sometimes there may be a dry moderate cough, lacrimation, irritation of the mucous membrane of the eyelids. The infection is not prone to complications.

Complications of SARS

ARVI can be complicated in any period of the disease. Complications can be either viral in nature or result from the addition of a bacterial infection. Most often, acute respiratory viral infections are complicated by pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis. Common complications also include sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis. Often there is inflammation hearing aid(otitis media) meninges(meningitis, meningoencephalitis), various kinds of neuritis (often - neuritis of the facial nerve). In children, often at an early age, false croup (acute stenosis of the larynx), which can lead to death from asphyxia, can become a rather dangerous complication.

With high intoxication (in particular, characteristic of influenza), there is a possibility of developing seizures, meningeal symptoms, heart rhythm disturbances, and sometimes myocarditis. In addition, SARS in children of different ages can be complicated by cholangitis, pancreatitis, infections of the genitourinary system, and septicopyemia.

Diagnosis of SARS

Diagnosis of ARVI is carried out on the basis of complaints, survey and examination data. Clinical picture(fever, catarrhal symptoms) and epidemiological history are usually sufficient to identify the disease. Laboratory methods confirming the diagnosis are RIF, PCR (reveal viral antigens in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa). Serological research methods (ELISA of paired sera in the initial period and during convalescence, RSK, RTGA) usually refine the diagnosis in retrospect.

With the development of bacterial complications of SARS, a consultation with a pulmonologist and an otolaryngologist is required. The assumption of the development of pneumonia is an indication for x-ray of the lungs. Changes in the ENT organs require rhinoscopy, pharyngo- and otoscopy.

SARS treatment

ARVI is treated at home, patients are referred to the hospital only in cases of severe course or development dangerous complications. The complex of therapeutic measures depends on the course, severity of symptoms. Bed rest is recommended for patients with fever up to the normalization of body temperature. It is advisable to follow a complete, protein-rich and vitamin-rich diet, drink plenty of fluids.

Medicines are mainly prescribed depending on the prevalence of one or another symptomatology: antipyretics (paracetamol and complex preparations containing it), expectorants (bromhexine, ambroxol, marshmallow root extract, etc.), antihistamines for desensitization of the body (chloropyramine). Currently, there are a lot of complex preparations that include active ingredients of all these groups, as well as vitamin C, which helps to increase the body's natural defenses.

Locally with rhinitis, vasoconstrictors are prescribed: naphazoline, xylometazoline, etc. With conjunctivitis, ointments with bromnaphthoquinone, fluorenonylglyoxal are applied to the affected eye. Antibiotic therapy is prescribed only if an associated bacterial infection is detected. Etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections can be effective only in the early stages of the disease. It involves the introduction of human interferon, anti-influenza gamma globulin, as well as synthetic drugs: rimantadine, oxolinic ointment, ribavirin.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods of treating ARVI, mustard bath, can massage and inhalation are widespread. Supportive vitamin therapy, herbal immunostimulants, adaptogens are recommended for people who have had ARVI.

Forecast and prevention of SARS

The prognosis for SARS is generally favorable. The worsening of the prognosis occurs when complications occur, a more severe course often develops when the body is weakened, in children of the first year of life, in senile people. Some complications (pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, false croup) can be fatal.

Specific prophylaxis consists in the use of interferons in the epidemic focus, vaccination with the most common strains of influenza during seasonal pandemics. For personal protection, it is desirable to use gauze bandages covering the nose and mouth when in contact with patients. Individually, it is also recommended to increase the protective properties of the body as a prevention of viral infections (rational nutrition, hardening, vitamin therapy and the use of adaptogens).

Currently, specific prevention of SARS is not sufficiently effective. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to general measures for the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases, especially in children's groups and medical institutions. As measures of general prevention, there are: measures aimed at monitoring compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, timely identification and isolation of patients, limiting population crowding during epidemics and quarantine measures in outbreaks.

ARVI is commonly called an acute respiratory viral infection, which develops as a result of viruses entering the nasal mucosa and oral cavity. Harmful microbes are transmitted through contact with a sick person, through talking or sneezing. ARVI affects not only children, but also adults, women in the period of gestation and feeding, and the elderly. If the first symptoms appear, the treatment process should begin immediately. This will help to avoid reproduction and spread of infection throughout the body. How do the symptoms of SARS manifest and how to treat the disease?

Viruses that cause diseases are highly resistant to the environment. They are transmitted by airborne droplets or by direct contact with a sick person. The average incubation period lasts from one to five days. Development can be rapid or moderate.

Also, the causes of SARS may be hidden in the following.

• In the occurrence of regular stressful situations.
• In chronic fatigue.
• In the weakening of the immune function.
• In low-quality and non-vitaminized nutrition.
• In hypothermia or overheating.
• In the presence of diseases of a chronic nature.
• In poor environmental conditions.
• The lack of vitamins and minerals.
• In a small stay in the open air.

Signs of the appearance of SARS

Often, the first symptoms of SARS in adults are confused with increased fatigue or pain in the head. But if the patient can listen carefully to himself, he will understand that the infection is starting to develop actively.

Since the virus first affects the respiratory organs, the first signs of SARS are:

• in a sore throat;
• in increased drowsiness;
• in paroxysmal sneezing;
• in malaise.

After a few hours or days, the patient begins to show other symptoms.

• Runny nose. From the nose there is a discharge that has a transparent color, but a liquid consistency. However, they are very plentiful.
• The temperature rises to 38-40 degrees. This symptom depends on which virus has entered the body. Rhinovirus infection usually does not cause a strong rise in temperature.
• Chills. In this case, the patient develops discomfort when touching the skin.
• Aches in muscle and joint tissues.
• Pain in the throat.
• The occurrence of pain in the head.

In some cases, there is redness of the mucous membranes of the visual organs and tearing. A dry or wet type of cough may occur. When the virus enters the bloodstream, severe intoxication of the body develops, as a result of which the work is disrupted. digestive system.

Types of SARS

A viral infection develops as a result of the penetration of various viruses into the body. As a result, colds are usually divided:

1. for adenovirus infection. This type of disease is characterized by the development of symptoms in the form of:
   elevated temperature, which can be kept for five to ten days;
   strong wet cough, which increases in the supine position and with high physical exertion;
   enlarged lymph nodes;
   runny nose;
   discomfort in the throat.
   Often this type of disease occurs in childhood from one year to six years.
2. For influenza infection. This disease develops rapidly. Although the incubation period ranges from one to five days, symptoms begin to manifest themselves in the first hours after infection. With ARVI, symptoms appear in the form of:
   high temperature, which can reach up to 40 degrees;
   dry and exhausting cough, which causes severe pain in the chest;
   inflamed and reddened throat;
   runny nose;
   dizziness and loss of consciousness.
   Influenza infection is characterized by severe intoxication of the body, so fever can last up to four days. This causes pain in the head and a feverish state, due to which the patient cannot sleep. The flu is considered dangerous infection as it leads to many complications. If treatment is not started in the first days, the patient may die.
3. for parainfluenza infection. This type of disease develops only in childhood. Characterized by:
   low temperature, which can stay around 37-38 degrees;
   dry cough;
   severe runny nose.
   The danger of such an infection is that the child often develops a disease such as croup. It leads to suffocation due to the narrowing of the walls of the larynx.
4. For a rotavirus infection. This type of disease is considered highly contagious and affects both children and adults. Rotovirus is manifested not only by fever, runny nose, sore throat and malaise, but also leads to a severe disorder of the digestive system. As a result, there are symptoms of SARS in adults and children in the form of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
5. for rhinovirus infection. The virus affects only the nasal mucosa, resulting in a runny nose, sneezing. But the disease can last up to fourteen days.
6. For rhino-syncytial infection. Such a virus causes a cold, but in a milder form. It is similar to parainfluenza, but often leads to bronchitis, as patients ignore the disease.

Diagnosis of SARS in adults

Before you understand how ARVI is treated in adults, it is worth identifying the virus that caused the disease. To do this, you need to consult a doctor. Based on complaints and accompanying symptoms, he will conduct an examination. After that, an examination is scheduled.

• Blood donation for general and biochemical analysis.
• A urine test to make sure that the disease has not affected the kidneys.
• Taking a swab from the oral and nasal cavities to determine the pathogen.
• Rhinoscopy of anterior and posterior view.
• X-ray examination to examine the paranasal sinuses and chest.

Only after diagnosing the doctor will be able to tell how to treat SARS.

Possible complications after SARS

Very often, adults ignore the symptoms and treatment of SARS. Because of this, adverse consequences develop. The main complications include the following.

1. Sinusitis of an acute nature, which gradually turn into chronic form. This includes sinusitis and frontal sinusitis. Diseases are characterized by the development of purulent infection in the paranasal sinuses. With sinusitis, there is usually an increase in temperature up to 38 degrees, pain in the head and eyes, nasal congestion. A runny nose does not always appear, as plugs form in the nasal passages. If there is a discharge, then they are yellow and thick in nature.
2. Bronchitis and pneumonia. In such a situation, the infection descends into lower divisions respiratory tract. The temperature may rise to 38-39 degrees, a strong and dry cough may occur, while sputum comes out with difficulty. Mucus may have a greenish or yellow tint, be mixed with blood or pus.
3. Otitis. Often this type of complication develops in childhood due to underdevelopment. auditory tube and glare location to the nasal passages. There is an increase in temperature, pain in the ears, discharge of pus with an unpleasant odor.
4. Angina. Very often, with SARS, there is an attachment of a bacterial infection. As a result, the patient loses his voice, keeps heat and severely inflamed tonsils.

If there are complications with SARS, then the doctor prescribes antibiotics. In childhood, antibacterial drugs are prescribed in the form of Augmentin, Amoxiclav and Flemoxin. SARS in adults with adverse effects are advised to drink Azithromycin, Amoxicillin.
The duration of the treatment course is from five to ten days, depending on the severity of the complication.

The process of treating ARVI in adults

Many patients ask the question of how to be treated for SARS. You should not delay with this, so it is necessary to take funds at the first sign.
Treatment of SARS in adults includes the following.

1. Direct reception antiviral drugs. Patients are prescribed Remantadin, Ingavirin, Arbidol. The duration of therapy is seven days.
2. Taking antipyretics when the temperature rises above 38 degrees. You can take paracetamol, aspirin, analgin or ibuprofen for ARVI. You can also purchase drugs in the form of Fervex or Coldrex.
3. The use of cough medicines. With SARS, a dry type of cough very often occurs. Therefore, the main goal of such treatment is to remove sputum from their bronchi. To do this, appoint Mukaltin or Ambrobene. If the sputum is viscous, then it must be thinned. To do this, you need to take ACC. You cannot take this type of remedy on your own, as the cough reflex may decrease, which will lead to stagnation of mucus in the bronchi and lungs.
4. Reception of immunostimulating agents in the form of Imupret.
5. The use of drugs that increase the production of interferon. These include Viferon, Grippferon, Anaferon, Ergoferon.
6. Taking drugs for the common cold.

Effective treatment of SARS in adults also includes the following procedures.

• Gargling with various solutions medicinal herbs, furatsilina, soda and salt.
• Irrigation of the tonsils and larynx. For this, it is recommended to use Geksoral, Tantum Verde, Miramistin.
• Dispersal of tablets. Doctors prescribe drugs to relieve sore throat. This includes funds in the form of Strepsils, Pharyngisept, Lizobakt, Grammidin, Geksoral, Dr. Mom. The duration of treatment therapy is a maximum of three to four days.
• Treatment of the oral cavity and tonsils with antiseptic agents and a cotton pad.
• Washing the nasal passages with a solution sea ​​salt up to five times a day.
• Carrying out inhalations with the addition of essential oils, herbs or soda with iodine.

Rapid treatment of SARS in adults includes.

• Taking a shock dose of vitamin C. In the first days of the disease, you need to take ascorbic acid up to 1000 milligrams per day.
• Warming up the feet and hands with hot baths. Warming procedure can be carried out if the patient does not have a temperature.
• Drinking large amounts of liquid. It is necessary to drink not only water, but also warming teas with raspberries, lemon or honey.
• Taking milk with honey at night to eliminate sore throat and cough.
• Compliance with bed rest for three to five days. The patient needs to lie more in bed and sleep a lot. It is believed that in a dream a person recovers faster.

Prevention of SARS in adults and children

If ARVI is manifested, symptoms, treatment should be recognized immediately. Do not be afraid to contact the doctor, because only he will tell you what to do. If the treatment process was started at the first symptoms, then the duration of the disease can be about three days. But usually, on average, SARS lasts from seven to ten days.

But the development of infection can be prevented by following a few simple but important rules. These include:

1. Lack of contact with sick people.
2. Rare visits to public places.
3. Lubrication of the nasal passages oxolinic ointment. You can use essential oils of eucalyptus or fir. It is believed that they repel viruses, and stimulate the production of antibodies in humans.
4. Regular washing of hands and face with laundry or antibacterial soap.
5. Daily ventilation of the room.
6. Air humidification.
7. Strengthening immune function. This includes carrying out hardening procedures and exercises, taking fortified products.
8. Improving immunity during the cold season by taking drugs such as Anaferon, Ergoferon, Grippferon, Interferon or Tsitovir-3. You need to drink them two or three times a year.
9. Balanced diet. Since in winter there are practically no natural vitamins need to follow a special diet. You need to take boiled and stewed food. It is worth giving up fast foods, convenience foods and sodas.
10. Refusal of bad habits in the form of smoking and drinking alcohol.

SARS is a group of viral diseases that affect the respiratory system, upper or lower respiratory tract. The disease usually begins with a viral infection in the nose, trachea, or lungs. If the infection is not treated, it can spread to the entire respiratory system. Although SARS can be classified according to the causative agents of the virus (eg, influenza), it is usually classified according to clinical syndromes (eg, colds, bronchitis).

Acute respiratory viral infections are contagious, which means they can be passed from one person to another. They are also quite common and especially dangerous for children, infants, the elderly and people with impaired immune systems.

What is SARS? "Respiratory" means that the disease affects:

The bacteria can cause coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat and fever. "Viral" means that the disease is caused by viruses, such as influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, etc.

ARVI cannot be caused by the following factors, although the symptoms of the diseases are quite similar:

• bacteria such as group A streptococci or whooping cough;
• medicines;
• other medical conditions.

Viral infections are spread as follows:

• through contact with mucus from the nose or mouth of a person who has the virus;
• through contact of shared objects with an infected person;
• through touching the unwashed hands of a sick person.

Reasons for the spread of SARS

1. Bronchitis - influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses.
2. Colds - rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses.
3. Croup - parainfluenza viruses.
4. Influenza-like illnesses are influenza viruses.
5. Pneumonia - adenoviruses, influenza viruses.

SARS symptoms

The first signs of illness usually appear four to six days after exposure to the virus. Adults and older children develop mild symptoms such as:

In severe cases, the infection can spread down the airways and lead to pneumonia or bronchitis, inflammation of the small airways. Signs include:

• fever
• coughing;
• shortness of breath - a piercing noise that is heard on exhalation and inhalation;
• rapid or difficult breathing;
• bluish skin color due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis).

Newborns are most susceptible to SARS. In infants, the infection manifests itself in the form of intermittent shallow breathing. Also, children may have a lack of appetite, unusual lethargy and irritability.

If there are any of the following signs, it is necessary to urgently seek medical help (they indicate complications or an increase in the disease):

• dyspnea;
• muscle weakness;
• reduced amount of urine or its absence;
• dizziness;
• very high temperature;
• hemoptysis.

Risk factors

It is almost impossible to avoid viruses and bacteria, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing acute respiratory diseases. For most people, SARS is not a serious illness, and when proper treatment patients recover completely without any complications or problems.

However, for some people, infections can be a serious illness. The following group of people are at risk:

• children;
• newborns;
• people with immune system problems;
• people who cannot take care of themselves, such as the disabled or the elderly.

This group may develop more severe complications, such as pneumonia. They also tend to have more severe symptoms than the healthy group. Children are especially at risk due to constant contact with other children who may be carriers of the virus. Also, the spread of viruses contributes to the neglect of personal hygiene (unwashed hands, rubbing the eyes with dirty hands, the habit of putting fingers in your mouth).

People with heart disease or other lung problems are more susceptible to SARS. Also at risk are those whose immune system is weakened by other diseases, and smokers.

Signs of SARS

1. Acute rhinitis.

Represents infection caused by rhinoviruses. Its first symptoms include:

• nasal congestion;
• abundant discharge from the nose (mucus or pus);
• sneezing
• irritation of the conjunctiva;
• lacrimation;
• general malaise.

In a situation where these symptoms continue, fever and headache additionally appear, which means the development of complications. It is especially important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, since severe consequences are possible in children.

The disease is caused by adenoviruses, the disease proceeds for several days. Symptoms:

• discomfort in the throat;
• headache;
• increased body temperature;
• poor general health;
• swelling of the tonsils;
• difficulty swallowing;
• dry cough.

Over time, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea appear.

1. Acute laryngotracheitis.

ARVI of this type can only affect the larynx or the larynx and trachea. Mainly the disease leads to extensive changes in the respiratory tract. The factors that cause disease in adults are various, with adenoviruses and some bacteria being the most common. Some of the symptoms are:

1. Acute tonsillitis.

The disease can be caused by viruses and bacteria. Signs include:

• chills;
• high body temperature;
• pain and redness of the throat;
• difficulty in swallowing;
• enlarged or swollen tonsils that have a purulent plug;
• poor general health;
• enlarged submandibular lymph nodes.

1. Flu.

It is caused by a virus from the myxovirus family. Of particular importance is the type of virus, which is characterized by high antigenic variability, which leads to the formation of new subtypes, making development difficult. effective vaccines.

The disease is characterized by the fact that it is rapidly transported through the air. The incubation period ranges from several hours to three days. It spreads regardless of the season, but occurs more often in cold weather.

Symptoms:

• fever above 38 ° C;
• muscle pain;
• weakness;
• stomach flu symptoms;
• cough;
• sore throat;
• sneezing
• chest pain;
• feeling of ache in the bones;
• lack of appetite;
• dizziness.

Over time, the symptoms worsen, and there is also difficulty breathing, which in extreme conditions can lead to the use of a ventilator.

SARS treatment

SARS treatment usually includes self-help measures to ensure comfort while fighting the disease. In severe cases, inpatient treatment is necessary.

Supportive care

Most mild to moderate infections without a temperature above 39°C in healthy adults, such as the common cold, can be treated at home. In children older than 2 years, ARVI often does not pose a big threat, and you can also try to treat it at home

But infections in people at increased risk of complications need careful monitoring. People with compromised immune systems, infants and children, older patients, and those with health problems or other risk factors should see a doctor at the first sign of illness.

Supportive care is next steps.

• You need to watch for signs of dehydration. To maintain the necessary balance of minerals (electrolytes), an increased amount of fluid should be consumed, infants should be applied to the breast more often. Avoid carbonated drinks, fruit juices, and water that is high in sugar and calories.
• Antibacterial drugs are ineffective against viral pathogens and prophylaxis against secondary bacterial infections is not recommended. Antibiotics are prescribed only for the development of secondary bacterial infections. In chronically ill patients, mild antibiotics are given in smaller doses.
• The use of aspirin in patients under 18 years of age is not recommended as there is an increased risk of Reye's syndrome.
• In some cases, antiviral drugs are helpful. Amantadine, Remantadine, Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are effective against influenza. Ribavirin inhibits the replication of many DNA viruses.

Hospital treatment

The standard of care for severe cases is to provide intravenous fluids and humidified oxygen. Hospitalized infants and children may be put on a ventilator, a breathing machine to help them breathe easier.

To eliminate wheezing, a nebulizer is used, which allows you to open the airways.

home remedies

You cannot shorten the duration of SARS, but you can try to alleviate some of the symptoms at home. Necessary:

Treatment of SARS during pregnancy

Clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment respiratory infections similar in pregnancy and non-pregnancy. However, some additional factors must be considered before treating SARS in expectant mothers, including susceptibility to infections, changes in the woman's body, and the effects of viruses on the fetus and on the methods of treatment.

During pregnancy, even a simple cold can last longer than usual due to a weakened immune system.

A few rules that should be followed to manage the symptoms of SARS:

• wear loose clothing;
• take a bath with warm water if possible;
• use medicines prescribed by a doctor.

1. Maintain humidity in the room.
2. Keep your cough under control. The treatment is quite effective folk remedies such as ginger, honey, basil leaf.

ODS prevention

Most infections with proper treatment in adults and children disappear within a few days and do not require any follow-up. However, every day people come into close contact with others, putting themselves at risk of contracting SARS.

Because in pregnant women, viral infections can lead to preterm birth, lower birth weight, or caesarean section, care should be taken to reduce the risk of the disease.

• Hygiene

Wash hands for 20 seconds with plain soap and water before eating and preparing food, after using the toilet or handling waste, coughing and sneezing. Especially in the cold season, you need to wash your hands thoroughly, without touching your nose or mouth with unwashed fingers.

Rhinoviruses are quite tenacious both on the skin and on other objects. Therefore, contact with the secretions of infected persons should be avoided, and door handles, telephones, stair railings should be cleaned regularly. disinfectant, especially in kindergarten, to reduce the spread of infections.

• Avoiding contact with sick people (especially premature babies and infants during the first two months of life). If infected, stay at home, cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing.
• Stop smoking, which can reduce susceptibility to colds.

Memo for the prevention of SARS

In newborns through breastfeeding Protective antibodies are transmitted through mother's milk to the child, providing passive immunization against numerous pathogens. In older children, adolescents and adults, an adequate diet is essential for general health and optimal immune system function. What to give the child? Recommended 5 meals a day with the inclusion of fruits and vegetables.

What other methods will help reduce the spread of SARS? Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, can reduce the incidence of viral infections.

Regular physical exercise are also good prevention of viral diseases. Stress has a devastating effect on immune system therefore proper attention must be paid to rest and sleep.

Key points

• Respiratory viral infections are the name given to several types of infections of the lungs and respiratory tract.
• SARS is caused by various viruses.
• Viral infections are spread through contact with mucus from the mouth or nose.
• Can be a serious illness for people who are already ill or otherwise debilitated.
• Good hygiene, including handwashing and cough bandages, can prevent the spread of SARS.

Read more about how to properly treat SARS

SARS (acute respiratory viral infection) diagnosed at least once in almost every person. This condition, popularly referred to as the "cold", is caused by airborne viruses.
There is the so-called “cold season”, this is spring and autumn - a time when immunity is at zero, and a weakened body becomes more susceptible to viruses and bacteria.
ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a fairly large group of viral diseases that have almost the same type of features, as well as a similar picture of the course of the disease. These respiratory viral infections can be provoked by viruses, and with inadequate treatment, the bacterial flora joins.

In contact with

Classmates

Spread of disease

In terms of incidence, it is in the top three. SARS is spread all over the world. For a year, on average, an adult can get sick three to six times. Whole epidemics can occur in the spring and winter periods, since the method of transmission "through the air" involves infecting the body even with minimal contact.
Viruses are localized, as a rule, in the upper respiratory tract, which allows them to be attributed to a single group of diseases.
If ARVI is not treated in time, the infection will spread further along the respiratory tract and complications such as:

• - inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
• - inflammation of the pharynx;
• - inflammation of the larynx;
• - inflammation of the trachea, etc.

At the moment, scientists have recorded more than 140 types of viruses that cause SARS.

In adults, the number of cases of acute respiratory viral infections is significantly lower than in children and adolescents, however, if the patient has chronic diseases, a violation of cardiac activity or an allergy, the frequency of diseases increases.
Once in the human body, the virus settles in the nose or throat, in the absence of adequate treatment, descends lower, aggravating the course of the disease.

The reasons

Since the viruses that cause SARS are quite resistant to the external environment and are transmitted by airborne droplets, it becomes clear that it is very easy to get infected, it is enough to be in a crowded place: a store, public transport, at work or a cafe.

The main reason for the entry of a virus or bacteria into the body of an adult is a decrease in immunity.

Weak immunity is not a barrier to infection, as it is simply unable not only to resist them, but even to identify "offenders". Therefore, an adult often suffers SARS "on his feet", without fever, complaining of weakness, headaches and muscle pain.

The source of infection is always a human carrier of the virus.

Sometimes the picture of the disease is erased, but the infection, entering the body of another person, can manifest itself with all the ensuing consequences.

SARS symptoms in adults

often on initial stages ARVI in adults is confused with fatigue or just a headache.

However, if you carefully listen to yourself, then the presence of several symptoms will reveal a picture of the disease:

• Malaise - weakness in the muscles and aching joints, I want to lie down all the time;
• drowsiness - constantly sleepy, no matter how long a person sleeps;
• runny nose - at first not strong, just like a clear liquid from the nose. Most attribute this to a sharp change in temperature (I went from the cold into a warm room, and condensation appeared in my nose);
• chills - discomfort when touching the skin;
• sore throat - it can be expressed as a tickle, and a tingling sensation or even pain in the neck.

Since ARVI develops very quickly, within 4-6 hours the following are added to these symptoms:

• An increase in temperature - this is how the body turns on a protective reaction in the fight against infection;
• headache - feeling as if the head is splitting;
• nasal congestion.

Types of SARS

There are several types this disease, which, although they have many similar features, are still different from each other.

Adenovirus infection is characterized by:

• , which lasts from five to ten days;
• strong wet cough, aggravated in a horizontal position and with increased physical activity;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• runny nose;
• sore throat when swallowing.

Influenza has a sharp course of the disease. When a virus, the causative agent of influenza, enters, it immediately begins:

• Very high temperature;
• causing pain in the chest;
• sore throat;
• runny nose;
• dizziness and sometimes loss of consciousness.

Parainfluenza is milder than flu, but this fact does not make it any more pleasant:

• The main danger of this infection is croup (suffocation), which occurs due to a strong narrowing of the larynx;
• the temperature is not high, fluctuates around 37-38 degrees;
• dry cough;
• severe runny nose.

RS infection. Its symptoms, in general, are similar to parainfluenza, but its danger is that, as a result of untimely treatment, it can.
ARVI is diagnosed quite easily, and the specific type of this disease is specified, taking into account the epidemiological situation in the region and individual symptoms in a particular patient.
It will not be difficult for an experienced doctor to determine the presence of the disease, however, for a more accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to pass general analysis blood and urine. The source of infection is determined by the number of red blood cells, platelets, as well as urinalysis.

Methods for the treatment of SARS

In the case of a virus, no special medication is required for treatment. Treatment is symptomatic in most cases. And be sure to drink plenty of water.

If a bacterium is found in the blood, then this is an occasion to use antibiotics to prevent the aggravation of the course of the disease.
In the acute course of ARVI, the patient is prescribed drugs based on interferon, as well as complex drugs (such as Rinza, Teraflu). Vasoconstrictor drugs can be dripped into the nose. To reduce the volume of sputum, it is advisable to take antihistamines (Zodak, Zirtek).

You should always remember that self-medication is dangerous for health, and if the symptoms of SARS do not disappear or even increase, it is better to consult a specialist.

If a blood test shows a significant increase in leukocytes plus a decrease in the content of lymphocytes in the blood, and all this against the background high ESR is an indicator of bacterial infection in the body.

This type of infection is treated with antibiotics.
In addition, there are a number of cases in which even a viral infection is stopped with antibacterial drugs:

• The presence of a purulent infection;
• inflammation of the middle ear;
• concomitant chronic diseases;
• weakened immunity (for example, after surgery or against the background of certain diseases).

It is necessary to avoid meeting with viruses;

while indoors, try to ventilate it as often as possible;

try to increase immunity by all available means;

wash your hands more often.

During the height of SARS, namely, the autumn-winter period, leaving the house, you should treat the nasal mucosa with oxolinic ointment.

In case of infection with SARS, it is necessary to withstand at least two weeks of quarantine to eliminate the risk of re-infection.


In the initial stages, self-medication is permissible, which consists in taking antiviral and antipyretic drugs, as well as in consuming large amounts of fluid. But it should be remembered that a prolonged "cold" is an occasion to contact a therapist to obtain a competent treatment regimen.

In contact with

Acute respiratory viral infection (SARS, acute respiratory infections, colds) is the most common disease in the world, it affects children and adults. More than 300 viruses are known in nature (for example, there is a parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, reovirus and others), they constantly mutate, ARVI symptoms are also diverse, so a vaccine against this disease has not yet been invented.

At-risk groups

Most often, ARVI affects children, people of retirement age and the weakened. However, this virus practically does not affect newborn children. This can be explained by the presence of passive immunity in them, which the mother passed through the placenta during pregnancy.

The most widespread SARS is observed in preschool children. This is due to the fact that most children begin to walk in Kindergarten, attend circles, events, that is, places where other children gather. The virus can infect children up to 10 times a year. In the future, they develop immunity, and it is impossible to get sick again with the same virus.

Adults on average carry ARVI 2-3 times a year. If the virus is familiar to the body, then the symptoms practically do not appear, and a person can suffer the disease “on his feet”. However, in this state, the patient still poses a threat to the people around him, as he spreads the virus.

How the infection is transmitted

ARVI is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets. A sick person (in rare cases, a bird or animal) is a transmitter of infection through the smallest droplets of saliva and runny nose, which scatter for many meters around when coughing or sneezing.

There are cases when the virus was transmitted through bodily contact - handshakes, kisses, hugs.

The virus also persists on personal hygiene items (towel, clothes, Toothbrush, handkerchief, etc.), dishes, toys, bed linen up to 9 hours. The virus is resistant to freezing, but is killed by heating, especially ultraviolet radiation.

The main symptoms and course of the disease

SARS affects the upper respiratory tract. The first signs of SARS are familiar to everyone: a sick person feels general weakness, muscle pain, pain in the eyes, a sore throat, his nose is stuffy. The temperature is initially low, it rarely rises above 37.5º, so this symptom of SARS cannot be called decisive.

When the virus enters the bloodstream, a person already feels much worse, he has aching bones, a headache, a runny nose and a dry cough. Sometimes conjunctivitis appears, the so-called intestinal flu (nausea, vomiting, loose stools) can manifest itself.

As antibodies are produced in the blood, the state of health improves, a runny nose in the form of green thick discharge and a cough with sputum indicate the beginning of recovery.

In the first 2-3 days, the space around the sick person is most contagious. Then the risk of infection decreases.

So, the main signs of a cold or SARS:

• weakness, muscle pain;
• slight dry cough;
• stuffy nose;
• sore throat;
• sneezing
• pain in grief;
• absence or borderline temperature (about 37º).

Various viruses

As said, there are currently over 300 viruses, and they are constantly mutating. The most common subtypes are:

• Parainfluenza. The difference between this virus and the true flu is that this disease is more mild, with milder symptoms. However, there is a risk of severe laryngeal edema in children. In patients with ARVI, the voice is greatly distorted, often they can only hoarse. Dry strong cough is characteristic.
• adenovirus. In this case, ARVI affects the palatine tonsils, deep tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), conjunctivitis, and a runny nose are observed. It becomes difficult for the patient to swallow, the tonsils increase in size, gray-white films appear on them.
• rhinovirus virus. ARVI is manifested by a low temperature, constant sneezing, sore throat, dryness in the nasopharynx. It is difficult and painful to swallow, an unpleasant aftertaste is felt in the mouth. After a while, abundant transparent snot appears.
• Respiratory syncytial virus infects the bronchi. A patient with ARVI has a strong cough with shortness of breath, shortness of breath, wheezing in the lungs. It is necessary to try to avoid complications - bronchopneumonia.

Depending on the type of infection, SARS symptoms and treatment of a particular virus will be individual.

But the general trend is that with ARVI, the onset of the disease is very similar to a flu-like condition. Sometimes these diseases are confused, so only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.

When you begin to feel unwell, do not try to drown out the symptoms of SARS. Firstly, a sick person is contagious to others, and secondly, neglect of an incomprehensible disease is fraught with subsequent complications. At the first symptoms of SARS, call your doctor at home.

Emergency home help

• Bed rest, minimal stress. Try to provide yourself or the child with complete peace. In a state of illness, the body mobilizes all its forces to fight SARS, so the less energy you spend, the better.
• Plentiful sour drinking helps to overcome the virus. It is very useful for ARVI to drink sour fruit drinks, freshly squeezed juices, herbal infusions. The familiar lingonberry and cranberry fruit drinks are a real pantry of vitamins, especially vitamin C. An infusion of rose hips also helps to cope with the symptoms of SARS very well. Try the classics of the genre - warm tea with raspberries, honey and a slice of lemon. Drink as much as possible, it is allowed to drink up to 3-4 liters of healthy infusions per day.
• Dress warmly, but don't overheat. Make sure that the patient with ARVI is not in clothes soaked with sweat, regularly change his underwear. It is useful and effective to wear woolen socks, a knitted vest, tie a woolen scarf or shawl on sore throat. Natural wool can work wonders.
• With SARS, gargle with warm infusions of herbs. They can be made from chamomile, calendula, sage, or regular salt. Proportions - any.
• With a sore throat and cough, it helps to sit over the steam of hot boiled potatoes or a decoction of the above herbs. The virus just can't handle the hot temperatures.
• Nasal congestion with SARS can be quickly removed if warm boiled eggs or bags of heated salt are applied to the sinuses.
• Runny nose responds well to treatment by washing with a weak saline solution. The main thing here is to wash off the virus as early as possible. You can prepare such a solution yourself by taking 1 tablespoon of sea salt and 1 liter of warm boiled water.
• With SARS, it is very useful to eat onions and garlic or inhale their smell. For a bactericidal effect, you can spread the slices throughout the apartment. So the air will be disinfected.
• Chinese healers with ARVI are advised to massage the gums with the help of the tongue. Literally every hour, spend with an effort your tongue on the outer and inside gums. Repeat the procedure 15 times for the upper and lower jaw.

Useful decoctions

As you understand, with SARS you can and should drink as much as possible. But it should be healthy drink. Forget about coffee, black tea, sodas and packaged juices. They will not eliminate the virus, but will only aggravate the unhealthy situation.

Prepare healing decoctions from available herbal ingredients. Infusions of herbs and fruits can quickly bring relief, they help fight SARS and contribute to a quick recovery.

• An infusion of dried parsley or celery helps to quickly restore strength in case of SARS. Pour 1 tablespoon of parsley with half a liter of boiling water, leave for about 8 hours (you can do it at night). Then strain and take two tablespoons every 2-3 hours.
• Edema of the tonsils and a hoarse voice help to treat the infusion of lungwort. To do this, take 1 tablespoon of dry grass, pour 1 cup of boiling water and leave for a couple of hours. Drink the strained broth in small sips throughout the day.
• An infusion of linden flowers and viburnum fruits helps to quickly get rid of the virus and bring down the temperature. Take 1 tablespoon of chopped ingredients, pour half a liter of boiling water. You need to insist for 1-2 hours. The infusion is consumed before going to bed for 0.5–1 glass. You can sweat at night, so prepare a set of clean underwear or pajamas in advance.
• To increase immunity, it is useful to drink honey infusion. It is done like this: mix 100 grams of natural honey with the juice of one lemon, add 800 grams of boiled (but not hot) water. Mix well and drink as much as you like throughout the day.

Precautionary measures

A sick person can infect others. The disease is especially dangerous in the first 2-3 days, when a person already feels the symptoms of SARS. Family members and those in contact with patients should take precautions.

Simple Prevention

Our weather with a wet, long winter and a long off-season, of course, contributes to a fairly high incidence. According to statistics, in Russia an adult suffers SARS on average 2-3 times a year. To reduce this unpleasant indicator, take a few simple tips into service.

• Drink more pure water. Scientists have found that a sufficient amount of water in the body increases its resistance to infections by 5 times. And drinking plenty of water during SARS helps to defeat the virus faster.
• Drink and sing! Singing in the shower, in a choir, in good company can significantly strengthen the immune system, according to German researchers.
• Go in for sports, spend your free time outdoors. During exercise in the blood, the level of white blood cells increases, which are responsible for counteracting infections, including SARS.
• Temper yourself. Start with contrast shower in the morning, love the bathhouse, sleep with the window open. After these steps, the virus simply will not stick!

By following these simple steps, you will get stronger, gain strong immunity and generally forget what it is to get sick with SARS!