Modern medical techniques allow not only to safely diagnose the disease, but also make this process less painful for the patient. Diagnostics lower divisions The gastrointestinal tract, both in women and men, until recently was carried out only indirectly. Currently, doctors use the procedure of colonoscopy under anesthesia. It allows you to objectively assess the condition of the patient's digestive tract almost painlessly and in a timely manner.

The main types of anesthesia

Colonoscopy morbidity is currently not a problematic issue. Medical examination takes place in most cases with the use of anesthesia. The following types are used:

1. Local anesthesia. To do this, a special anesthetic is applied to the tip of the endoscope, which is inserted into the human rectum. It dulls the pain sensations. But the pain syndrome does not completely disappear. The patient may experience discomfort due to the injection of air into the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Sedation - during the procedure, the patient is asleep. To do this, a drug is injected into the bloodstream or by angilation, causing drowsiness and dulling of all sensations. The action passes without any consequences.
3. General anesthesia. In this state, patients are a little longer than the actual colonoscopy itself. The opinions of doctors about the advisability of using this type are not unambiguous.

Colonoscopy under anesthesia is a fairly simple procedure that does not provoke severe pain or discomfort.

Possible contraindications

In some cases, a colonoscopy of a sick person must be performed without anesthesia. The main contraindications for the implementation of diagnostics with anesthesia, doctors include the following diseases and physiological conditions:

• acute infections of the disease;
• inflammatory processes in the peritoneum (peritonitis);
• suspected inflammation. abdominal cavity;
• severe violations of hemostasis;
• the last stages of insufficiency of the heart and kidneys;
• stenosis of the heart valves;
• allergic reactions to the components of anesthesia;
• neuralgia and epileptic seizures;
• psychiatric illnesses;
• bearing a fetus.

The above contraindications are relative. In some cases, doctors may examine the lower intestines even if they are present. A sedated colonoscopy is a relatively safe procedure that does not harm a person even if serious problems with health.

The anesthesia process

Before doing a colonoscopy under anesthesia or sedation, the patient must be diagnosed for the likelihood of bowel disease.

In a state of anesthesia, the patient is in a state of complete oppression of consciousness. Pain is completely absent. The process of awakening delivers strong discomfort, manifested in the form of dry mouth, chills, headaches. From the moment of switching off consciousness until awakening, memory is not preserved.

Depending on the recommendations of the anesthesiologist, immersion in sleep is carried out in the form of intravenous or inhalation anesthesia. In the first case, the drug is given to the patient through a vein. In the second, an oxygen mask is put on the face, through which a medical agent is supplied.

The description of the procedure for how colonoscopy occurs under anesthesia is quite simple. It refers to minimally invasive methods for examining patients, which are safe, but at the same time informative.

Duration of diagnosis

Diagnosis using sedation takes no more than 15-30 minutes. Most patients tolerate this period quite well. After waking up, they feel a little tired and weak. Immediately after the procedure, they are allowed to drink and eat. After half an hour, if there are no health problems, the doctor decides on the possibility of sending the patient home.

Colonoscopy under general anesthesia comes with risks to the functioning of various body systems. The examination procedure itself is the same as during sedation. However, the duration of such anesthesia is somewhat longer - up to 1-1.5 hours.

Possible Complications

Sometimes patients show the following diagnostic consequences:

• bloating;
• increase in body temperature;
• severe weakness;
• painful sensations.

Despite the possibility of complications, the answer to the question of whether to do anesthesia during colonoscopy is rather positive.

Cost of the procedure

Answers to the question of how much the process of colonoscopy with immersion in anesthesia or sedation costs differ significantly depending on the region, type of medical institution, type of anesthesia and medications used.

In Moscow, the cost varies from 4.5 to 20 thousand rubles. The price includes both diagnostics and the purchase of appropriate drugs for pain relief.

The choice of which anesthesia to carry out remains with the patient. At the same time, doctors usually inform the patient about all the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of anesthesia. It will not be superfluous to read the reviews of patients.

There is no definite answer to the question of which is better, colonoscopy under anesthesia or without. There are many factors that influence the choice of one method or another. That is why it is necessary to focus on the advice of the attending physician.

Colonoscopy is the most accessible method in medicine for diagnosing pathology of the large intestine. A video camera placed at the end of the endoscopic tube helps to visually inspect the surface of the intestine, identify polyps, ulcers, scars, and tumors. Doctors believe that the procedure should be performed on all adult patients over 50 years of age to identify initial stage cancer. Colonoscopy under anesthesia is indicated or according to the wishes of the patient.

Without anesthesia, people with a high threshold of pain sensitivity can withstand it. Others find it too unpleasant and painful. Colonoscopy is recommended annually for adults with the following diseases:

• unclear bleeding from the anus;
• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• tendency to diarrhea;
• weight loss
• inflammatory bowel disease;
• persistent pain in the abdomen.

Which method of anesthesia is better to use in a particular case, the anesthesiologist decides. To do this, he preliminarily examines the patient, checks information about the state of health from the outpatient card, and analyzes.

To get the full results of the examination, the patient must be in a calm, relaxed state during the procedure. The colonoscopy apparatus makes it possible to simultaneously take material for a comprehensive study (for cytology, tank culture) and remove small polyps in the intestine. Therefore, the technique is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most valuable objective information is provided by videocolonoscopy, when the monitor screen is connected when the apparatus is advanced.

Colonoscopy of the intestine under anesthesia implies a partial or complete shutdown of the patient's consciousness. For this use:

• light short-term sleep (sedation) with the help of the introduction of sedative and analgesic drugs, contact with the doctor is possible, although pain sensitivity is suppressed;
• full anesthesia (general anesthesia) - deep unconsciousness, lack of sensitivity, memory.

In the first case, patients wake up quickly after the procedure, which is important for outpatient procedures in a polyclinic. Some note the incomplete exclusion of pain, discomfort.

General anesthesia lasts longer, it will take some time to regain consciousness. Therefore, it is carried out in hospitals where there are anesthesiologists on staff, places in the wards are provided. Elimination of negative consequences requires the availability of special medical equipment. Sometimes anesthesia is used for simultaneous fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Local anesthesia

There are drugs with a local anesthetic effect. They are used in any proctology room to eliminate pain when inserting the device tube into the rectum. Local suppression of sensitivity is achieved by lubricating the endoscope tip with special ointments or gels with the main component - lidocaine.

More often used:

• Luan gel;
• dikain ointment;
• Kathejel;
• Xylocaine gel.

At the beginning of the procedure, patients confirm that they are not in pain. Discomfort and soreness occurs when the collapsed intestinal loops are inflated with air for the purpose of a full examination. Local anesthesia does not require an anesthesiologist. It is carried out by a proctologist or endoscopist involved in medical institution colonoscopy.

Sedation

Anesthesia under the influence of sedatives is called "superficial", "intravenous". Sedation during colonoscopy helps to calm excitable patients, eliminate fear, relax muscles, and turn off emotions. Does not require anesthesia equipment. How to prepare, the doctor preliminarily tells.

The hypnotic effect of the administered drugs does not last long, ends at the end of the procedure. People do not experience discomfort, evaluate the transferred study as painless.

It is usually practiced in outpatient facilities, clinics where it is not possible to leave the patient for long-term observation after anesthesia. A person needs to lie down or sit on a chair for up to two hours. Then you can go home. The conclusion is issued immediately, except for the results of the biopsy.

Negative actions are:

• allergic reactions to drugs;
• vomiting during anesthesia;
• violation of the rhythm of heart contractions;
• effect on breathing.

The most commonly used anesthetic is Propofol (Diprivan). It is administered intravenously by drip. The dosage is calculated on the weight and age of the patient. It begins to act almost instantly (peak after 1.5 minutes), since the chemical structure is highly soluble in fats, it quickly penetrates the brain. The effect ends after 10-15 minutes.

For elderly patients, smaller doses are indicated. The use of sedation for children is allowed after the age of three. The drug is prohibited during pregnancy (passes through the placental barrier) and lactation. Doctors know that the introduction is possible only on a 5% glucose solution. It does not mix with other liquids. Compatible with analgesics and muscle relaxants (drugs that relax muscles).

General anesthesia

Colonoscopy under general anesthesia is performed only in stationary conditions. This procedure requires an anesthesia machine and an operating room with resuscitation equipment. The anesthesiologist ensures that the patient is immersed in a deep sleep. For this, sedatives are used at the introductory stage, then narcotic painkillers are connected. The purpose of the application is a painless in-depth examination, endoscopic surgery.

It is indicated for children under 12 years of age with adhesions in the intestines. Anesthesia lasts longer than the study. Patients wake up in the recovery room. Deep sleep relieves pain. There is no trace of the intervention in memory.

General anesthesia is rarely used. It requires controlled preparation, is accompanied by an increased risk of complications, and has contraindications. The risk outweighs the need.

Possible Complications

The main complication of the colonoscopy procedure is rupture (perforation) of the intestinal wall. Seen less often intestinal bleeding from the area of ​​​​removal of the polyp or taking a biopsy.

If the examination is carried out under anesthesia, then the probable manifestations of an individual reaction to the action of anesthetic drugs are added.

Rare side effects of Diprivan include:

• hypotension;
• decrease in heart rate to 60 or less;
• stop breathing;
• convulsions;
• pulmonary edema.

Sometimes after waking up, patients report headache migraine, nausea, vomiting.

Regardless of the location of the colonoscopy, there is always a kit in the office in case of need emergency assistance(resuscitation). It includes special potent medicines, an apparatus for artificial respiration. Checking is carried out before the procedure.

Complications appear if the patient neglects the doctor's advice on dietary requirements, adherence to the regimen before the prescribed procedure.

Preparing for an examination under anesthesia

In a conversation with the patient before the upcoming anesthesia, the doctor clarifies the presence of allergic reactions on medications, concomitant pathology, transfer of previous operations and anesthesia, if any. To calculate the dosage, the patient is weighed, height is measured, arterial pressure, pulse rate. An ECG study is required.

To examine the intestines, it must be cleared of feces. For this, a special diet is recommended. The scheme for preparing the intestine for colonoscopy includes:

• not less than a five-day break in reception medicines, food supplements with fiber, vitamin E, iron-containing products;
• a three-day dietary ban on foods rich in fiber (vegetables, fruits), drinks and extractives that increase gas formation (legumes, mushrooms, cabbage, sparkling water) are excluded from the menu.

In the last 24 hours, it is only allowed to drink water, laxative tablets are used according to indications. 3 hours before the start of anesthesia, the use of liquids and food is strictly prohibited. Before being transported to the operating room, patients are given a sedative injection.

Features of the procedure with different types of anesthesia

Local anesthesia allows you to maintain contact with the patient. The doctor controls the patient's sensations, soothes. Increased pain requires suspension of the procedure, finding out the cause.

With general anesthesia, contact with the patient is excluded, so you have to rely on the experience of the doctor, increased caution. The presence of thinned intestinal walls increases the likelihood of injury and perforation.

The narcotic substance is delivered to the patient's body by intravenous drip or inhalation. Mask anesthesia (inhalation of anesthetic gas through a mask) is most indicated when it is necessary to examine children. Babies fall asleep soundly after a few breaths.

The use of spinal anesthesia with colonoscopy. A puncture is made with a special needle with a limiter at the level of I-II lumbar vertebrae. An anesthetic is injected into the subarachnoid space spinal cord. It blocks the transmission of impulses from the spinal nerves that bring information from the lower parts of the body. The patient does not feel the introduction of the colonoscope into the intestine, but he sees and hears everything that happens well.

Opponents of the method are categorically against it. The harm of such actions is explained by the lack of necessary skills among doctors, the inappropriateness of a high degree of anesthesia, and the danger of damage to the spinal cord.

Contraindications to the use of anesthesia and anesthesia during colonoscopy

The use of general anesthesia is limited:

• with decompensated heart defects, circulatory failure of another origin;
• with lung diseases in the acute stage;
• with mental and severe neurological problems.

For children, contraindications apply:

• for any increase in temperature;
• for concomitant diseases;
• on pustular skin lesions;
• for underweight due to nutrition or developmental delays.

For local and sedative action, anesthesiologists have enough drugs in their arsenal to select the optimal one in a particular case. It is much more difficult to prevent complications if the colonoscopy has to be performed for emergency reasons (bleeding). The patient is not prepared, vomiting is possible with aspiration of food residues into the trachea.

The study is contraindicated in the following:

• written refusal of the patient;
• suspicion of rupture of the colon;
• severe intestinal damage (toxic megacolon, colitis);
• recent myocardial infarction;
• clinical signs of peritoneal irritation;
• lack of bowel preparation.

Average prices for procedures in Russia

The cost depends on the summation of the listed services in the final invoice. Some of them can be carried out in the clinic for free. The price in different cities is determined by the prestige of the clinic, the scientific title and the category of the endoscopist. The participation of an anesthesiologist and anesthesia doubles the cost.

Fluctuations in regional centers are 4,000-20,000 rubles.

The MHI (compulsory medical insurance) policy of Russian citizens includes the transfer of funds for colonoscopy to private clinics. With the same success, you can do the procedure in the city clinic, where there is equipment. You may have to queue up. Anesthesia is not provided, it is proposed to pay extra from your own funds. Insurance companies do not always pay for the use of anesthesia, they strictly check the validity of the indications.

Colonoscopy under anesthesia or without - which is better?

Find out the objective indications for anesthesia during colonoscopy in the state of the doctor. He evaluates the general reaction of the patient, asks about resistance to pain, bouts of loss of consciousness. If the patient has a chronic bowel disease, adhesions, then severe pain can lead to shock. Therefore, such cases undoubtedly require anesthesia.

Foreign doctors consider it a crime to carry out procedures without anesthesia that can cause pain. Our clinics are limited, as is the solvency of the population. Domestic proctologists argue their negative attitude to anesthesia:

• biased assessment of their sensitivity by patients who consider discomfort during intestinal distension as pain;
• high additional risk from general anesthesia against the background of a short uncomfortable procedure;
• the need for contact with the patient, taking into account the reaction when advancing the tube, changing the position of the patient to improve visibility and examination of the caecum with an appendix.

Each case requires an individual approach. Patients should evaluate their endurance, prepare for discomfort and allow the necessary examination to be carried out. There is nothing to replace him. With severe nervous instability, it is better to immediately decide on the support of anesthesia. An adult must consciously consider the likelihood of complications.

Colonoscopy is highly informative, accurate and fast way diagnosis of bowel diseases. The study is performed using an endoscope. The procedure is quite painful, so at present it is usually performed under anesthesia.

What is a Colonoscopy Under Anesthesia?

During the procedure through anus a flexible probe with a camera is inserted into the intestine, the image from which is transmitted to the monitor. Gradually moving the endoscope inside the body, the doctor has the opportunity to assess in detail the condition of the intestinal mucosa. The procedure can be diagnostic or therapeutic.

Colonoscopy reveals:

• bleeding;
• narrowing of the intestinal lumen;
• tumors;
• adhesions;
• polyps;
• diverticula;
• fistulas;
• mucosal inflammation;
• varicose veins veins;
• intestinal perforation;
• and other pathologies.

During diagnostic procedure additional manipulations are possible. So, during the study, you can perform a biopsy. This will allow you to immediately send a tissue sample for laboratory testing in order to make an accurate diagnosis and develop the right treatment plan.

As treatment method colonoscopy is used if necessary:

• removal of a foreign object from the intestine;
• restoration of the normal lumen of the colon;
• urgent stop bleeding;
• introductions medicinal product directly to the affected area;
• removal of polyps.

In some cases, a colonoscopy is prescribed to check the dynamics of the patient's condition and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment measures already taken.

Indications for colonoscopy under general anesthesia

This type of examination is prescribed for suspected pathological changes in the colon. The procedure may also be recommended for chronic diseases upper gastrointestinal tract (gastric ulcer, gastritis, cholecystitis), which can cause complications associated with the condition of the intestine.

The doctor may decide on the need for this type of examination if the patient has complaints and symptoms indicating diseases of the colon:

• blood or mucus found in the stool by the patient himself or during laboratory research;
• pain during bowel movements;
• frequent feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestine;
• severe cramps, pain, pain in the abdomen that occurs before or after a bowel movement;
• frequent constipation;
• frequent feeling of fullness in the intestines;
• frequent diarrhea;
• the presence of undigested pieces of food in the stool;
• pain on palpation;
• hard stomach;
• bloating;
• increase in the number of tumor markers in the blood;
• anemia;
• allergic reactions or intoxication of unknown origin;
• elevated temperature, combined with soreness in the intestines.

Colonoscopy may be necessary in preparation for gynecological operations, if the patient has unremoved polyps or neoplasms, endometriosis is diagnosed.

Regular diagnostic procedures are required for patients:

• over 45 years old;
• with a genetic predisposition to intestinal cancer;
• With chronic diseases Gastrointestinal tract, negatively affecting the intestines;
• leading a predominantly sedentary lifestyle and allowing violations in the diet;
• having a history of surgery in the abdominal region;
• diagnosed with Crohn's disease.

Benefits of colonoscopy under general anesthesia

Despite the information content of the method, the procedure is quite painful for the patient. Because of this, during the examination, it can move, preventing the passage of the probe, which is highly undesirable. Therefore, now colonoscopy is usually performed under anesthesia. This allows:

• save the patient from psychological discomfort and pain;
• expedite the procedure;
• improve the accuracy of the study.

During the procedure, the patient lies on his side, pulling his knees to his chest. With the help of intravenous anesthesia, he plunges into a superficial sleep. The anesthesiologist monitors the patient's condition throughout the procedure. The coloproctologist inserts the endoscope into the intestine only after the patient falls asleep. Since it is used for pain relief light anesthesia, then immediately after the end of its action, you can go home, stay in the hospital is not required. Upon completion of the procedure, you can get a consultation with a proctologist who interprets the results of the study.

In some cases, after colonoscopy under anesthesia, the patient may experience mild discomfort due to the fact that during the examination, a small amount of air is sometimes supplied to the intestine to improve visibility. However, the work of an experienced doctor and the use of modern equipment can minimize all discomfort.

Colonoscopy under general anesthesia in Moscow

In the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, colonoscopy is performed using modern equipment. Thin endoscopes and high-quality optical equipment allow you to obtain accurate data with a minimum of discomfort for the patient. For anesthesia, harmless drugs are used, which are completely eliminated from the body within a few hours after the examination.

High-quality latest equipment and the work of experienced doctors allow:

• carry out the procedure as carefully and carefully as possible;
• if necessary, perform tissue sampling or endoscopic treatment;
• correctly interpret the results of the study.

The high quality of the service provided allows the attending physician to obtain correct information about the patient's condition, make an accurate diagnosis at an early stage of pathology development and immediately begin treatment.

Benefits of contacting the RAS Medical Center:

• attentive and sensitive attitude to each patient;
• use of modern equipment;
• the possibility of carrying out the procedure under anesthesia or local anesthesia;
• the possibility of studying hard-to-reach parts of the intestine;
• correct and accurate interpretation of the results of the study by experienced highly qualified specialists.

Contraindications for colonoscopy under anesthesia:

• hypertension of the 3rd degree;
• condition after a stroke;
• severe pulmonary and heart failure;
• severe forms of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (increased risk of intestinal perforation);
• adhesive disease;
• peritonitis.

Be sure to tell your doctor about the following risk factors:

• pregnancy;
• history of epilepsy;
• allergies to anesthetic drugs;
• psychiatric or neurological diseases;
• blood clotting disorder.

Proctologist's consultation

The Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences employs doctors who not only receive patients, but also engage in scientific activities. The specialists of the clinic are always aware of the latest achievements in the relevant fields of medicine.

Advantages of contacting a proctologist at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

• delicate, ethical, attentive attitude of the doctor to the patient;
• clear and precise advice;
• effective diagnostics;
• optimal treatment plan using modern methods.

An appointment with a proctologist is required to get a referral for a colonoscopy. After the study, the doctor examines the data obtained, makes an accurate diagnosis and develops a treatment plan.

Pre-colonoscopy preparation under general anesthesia (sleeping)

A specific method of preparing for the study is recommended by the doctor. But there are general rules that will ensure maximum cleanliness of the intestinal walls, which is necessary for the accuracy and high information content of colonoscopy.

Examination of the large intestine with endoscopic technique is becoming an increasingly common diagnostic procedure. Colonoscopy is done for both adults and children after preliminary preparation. The procedure itself is practically painless (with the exception of some conditions when the patient is really hurt), but very unpleasant - any patient experiences severe discomfort during it.

In Russia, colonoscopy is performed without any anesthesia, for fear of any complications, although, according to competent doctors, including foreign ones, any potentially painful procedure should be performed under anesthesia so that the patient does not feel pain at all. So what are the advantages, disadvantages and dangers of colonoscopy anesthesia?

colonoscopy procedure

The desire of the patient to get rid of discomfort is an indication for colonoscopy of the intestines under general anesthesia, unfortunately, not all clinics can do this due to the lack of conditions.

Medical indications for anesthesia during a colonoscopy are:

• the age of the patient is up to 12 years old - children should be completely fearless and not hurt;
• adhesive bowel disease - the presence of adhesions makes it difficult to conduct a colonoscope, and anesthesia allows
• reduce tension in the abdominal cavity, as a result of which the endoscope passes better;
• the presence of strictures of the rectum and anus;
• mental illness in a patient;
• mental lability - for people with a low pain threshold and increased excitability, colonoscopy of the intestine is best done under anesthesia.

Training

Special preparation for anesthesia is not required, but consultation with an anesthesiologist is required, which during

• conversation finds out all the nuances that can affect the course of anesthesia:
  weight and height of the patient;
• the presence of concomitant diseases;
• allergic history - whether there is a household or drug allergy;
• how many anesthesia was before.

Patient talking to an anesthesiologist

On the eve and immediately before the procedure, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate are measured. Eating is prohibited 6 hours before the operation, you can drink clean, non-carbonated water no later than 2 hours.

Preparation should also include premedication: the patient is given injections in 30-40 minutes - medicines can be given orally to children - sedative drugs (seduxen, relanium, midazolam). The task of preparation is to reduce the patient's anxiety, reduce the likelihood of complications, it depends on how many drugs are needed for anesthesia.

What anesthesia is possible with a colonoscopy

The type of anesthesia is chosen by the anesthesiologist, taking into account the technical capabilities of the clinic and the patient's examination data. The following options are possible:

• Sedation or superficial anesthesia. Calming drugs are administered intravenously, while the patient may not fall asleep completely, although sufficient mental relaxation is achieved, which allows colonoscopy to be almost painless. If necessary, sedation can be converted into full-fledged anesthesia - it depends on how much the drug is injected into the vein.
• intravenous anesthesia. In this case, a larger amount of the drug (propofol or diprivan) is injected into the vein until the subject is completely asleep. If necessary, narcotic analgesics can also be introduced (with a low pain threshold).

Drug for intravenous anesthesia

• Inhalation anesthesia - the best choice during colonoscopy of the intestine in children. The child breathes through the mask with a volatile anesthetic and falls asleep after 5-6 breaths.

The quality of anesthesia largely depends on the preparation.

Any anesthesia is carried out in the office, where there are funds to provide emergency care to the patient: a lung ventilator, an emergency resuscitation kit. All equipment must be prepared in advance.

Benefits of Anesthesia for Colonoscopy

Anesthesia allows you to eliminate all negative phenomena - the patient does not hurt at all, he does not experience any discomfort. Even at the end of anesthesia, the person does not hurt.

The time of the procedure itself is reduced - studies have shown that under anesthesia, colonoscopy of the intestine lasts an average of 20-30% less. The diagnostician has more time for the study itself than for the patient's persuasion to "be patient".

Subsequently, children do not have the "white coat" syndrome, that is, fear of doctors who "hurt him", which makes it possible to do such an examination of the intestine repeatedly.

The risk of complications of the colonoscopy itself is reduced - a relaxed intestine virtually eliminates the likelihood of perforation of the intestinal wall and other injuries.

Colonoscopy under general anesthesia

Complications of anesthesia

Many patients are interested in questions about whether general anesthesia is dangerous and whether anesthesia has consequences. Like any medical manipulation, general anesthesia carries certain risks for the patient, but modern drugs and an experienced doctor can significantly minimize them. Especially if you prepare for all manipulations, taking into account the advice of a doctor.

There are no dangerous consequences of anesthesia in the long term. Rumors that "narcosis greatly affects the memory and psyche" are associated with the history of anesthesiology, when dangerous anesthetics were used. Modern drugs do not have such side effects, and their safety is confirmed by scientific research and many years of practice.

Under anesthesia, diagnostic colonoscopy of the intestine can be painlessly supplemented with therapeutic manipulation - removal of a polyp, cauterization of an ulcer, etc.

Colonoscopy under anesthesia is a modern and most comfortable method for examining the large intestine and lower part of the colon. small intestine.

This procedure brings considerable discomfort and pain to the patient.

What does medicine offer?

What it is?

Colonoscopy is a method of studying the anatomical condition and motor function small intestine with a fiber optic probe. Helps identify dangerous diseases. You can also come across the name fibrocolonoscopy (FCS).

This study can be carried out using computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. This method is called "Virtual Colonoscopy" - absolutely painless. It is used for those people who are contraindicated in invasive methods.

But virtual fibrocolonoscopy does not provide as much information as a full-fledged endoscopic examination. Another plus is the ability to perform additional manipulations.

During the procedure, some therapeutic methods can be used. The examination itself takes about 20 minutes.

An endoscope is a device that consists of a control knob, a flexible thin probe (hose) with a video camera at the end. With the help of a video camera, the image is produced on the screen.

Air is supplied through the probe into the intestinal cavity, which makes it possible to expand the view and allows you to perform some manipulations.

The air in the cavity allows:

• improves the passage of the endoscope;
• remove small neoplasms (no more than 1 mm in size);
• take a biopsy.

It is carried out by inserting a probe into the intestinal cavity through the anus.

Indications

Colonoscopy is prescribed by a proctologist to people who have reached the age of 45 in case of suspected bowel cancer.

This procedure is a diagnostic method that is used to identify the causes of:

• chronic diarrhea or constipation;
• gastrointestinal bleeding;
• rapid weight loss;
• anemia - pathological condition, which is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood;
• inexplicable severe pain in the abdomen, bloating.

The study is used according to indications before surgery in gynecological practice.

Contraindications

Like any other procedure, colonoscopy has some contraindications:

• severe heart or lung failure;
• stage III hypertension is the most severe stage hypertension, at which there is constantly increased pressure (above 180/110);
• ulcerative colitis in severe form - a pathology that affects the mucous membrane of the colon;
• peritonitis - bacterial or aseptic inflammatory process of the abdominal cavity;
• adhesive bowel disease in the acute stage - a pathological condition that is caused by the growth of adhesions in the abdominal cavity;
• stroke is an acute disorder cerebral circulation in which the blood supply to a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe brain is disturbed or completely stopped;
• pregnancy.

There are conditions in which the doctor evaluates the benefit-harm ratio, such as: various diseases anal region, early period after operations on the colon, internal hernias.

The need for anesthesia

The procedure, despite the thin probe and miniature video camera, is unpleasant.

To eliminate discomfort, pain and to calm the patient, colonoscopy is done with anesthesia.

Direct indications for colonoscopy under anesthesia:

• children under the age of 12 - even the slightest pain and fear of doctors can strike a blow to the psyche;
• patients with intestinal adhesions;
• low pain threshold - slight pain can provoke pain shock and fainting;
• people with a destructive (destructive) process in the intestines;
• Crohn's disease - chronic inflammatory disease that strikes the whole gastrointestinal tract(from oral cavity to anus).

Fibrocolonoscopy under anesthesia is performed taking into account the sensitivity of the patient to painkillers. Some of them may be contraindicated.

Experts recommend the use of anesthesia. This is due to the fact that unpleasant and painful sensations can accompany not only during the procedure, but also after it. In addition, it is not known what deviations there are in the body and whether there will be a painless colonoscopy.

A person can express a desire to carry out the procedure painlessly and comfortably. He just has to tell the doctor that he wants to do a colonoscopy under anesthesia.

At the same time, doctors inform the patient about possible complications and the patient signs voluntary consent for anesthesia.

Types of anesthesia

The use of a specific method of anesthesia for colonoscopy of the intestine is due to the person's history, the alleged pathology.

Which anesthesia to choose is decided directly by the doctor.

There are three main types of anesthesia for colonoscopy:

• local anesthesia;
• sedation;
• general anesthesia.

Local anesthesia

In order to reduce the sensitivity of the nerve endings, a local anesthetic is applied to the device. But this type of anesthesia cannot completely stop the pain, besides, there is a feeling of fear and anxiety.

To increase the comfort of the procedure, antispasmodics and sedatives are prescribed at the preparation stage.

Sedation

Sedation during colonoscopy is carried out by using medications that cause a person to have a drug-induced sleep (Propofol, Metazolam).

The sleep is not deep, the person does not feel anything, but he hears everything and responds to the doctor's requests (for example, to change his position). Under sedation, a person breathes independently.

When using Propofol, the patient remembers everything, the awakening is fast.

Metazolam is a stronger drug that "erases" all information about the procedure from a person's memory. The exit from the state of drowsiness is longer.

Colonoscopy with sedation has its drawbacks - allergic reactions of varying severity (from urticaria to anaphylactic shock) may occur.

Side effects - vomiting, nausea. In order to promptly provide assistance in the event of any adverse reactions, an anesthesiologist is located next to the patient.

For children under the age of 12 best option sleep colonoscopy.

Under general anesthesia, a person is in a deep sleep stage, he does not hear or feel anything.

Contraindications:

• purulent skin lesions;
• rickets;
• acute respiratory diseases;
• elevated body temperature of unknown origin;
• light weight.

The disadvantage of general anesthesia is that this type of anesthesia causes complications more often than others.

Possible Complications

Although anesthesia during colonoscopy makes it much easier for the patient to endure the procedure, there are still a number of risks.

Complications may appear:

• nausea;
• increase in body temperature;
• bleeding from the anus;
• pain in the abdomen;
• allergic reaction;
• difficulty breathing or stopping during general anesthesia;
• intestinal perforation is a pathological condition that develops against the background of an aggressive effect on the intestinal wall;
• infectious processes;
• rupture of the spleen;
• sepsis - severe infection which is characterized by high mortality.

Some of the complications are extremely rare and directly depend on the experience and experience of the doctors who conduct the study.

In any case, if any undesirable symptoms occur, it is imperative to contact the doctor with complaints.

How to prepare for the procedure?

The key to high-precision, fast and efficient fibrocolonoscopy is a clean, empty bowel.

Preparation takes place in three stages:

1. Preliminary preparation.
2. Slag free diet.
3. Purgation.

Preliminary preparation

A few days (at least 5) before the procedure, patients should not use antidiarrheals, dietary fiber supplements, or iron supplements.

Diet

Before fibrocolonoscopy, you need to follow a slag-free diet. 2-3 days before the procedure, you can not eat foods rich in fiber (vegetables, fruits, herbs).

It is necessary to exclude foods that are poorly digested (cereals, nuts, pasta).

Purgation

The day before the colonoscopy, it is necessary to clean the intestines well.

Laxatives and cleansing enemas are taken, which will be prescribed by the attending physician.

Before the procedure, you can not eat for 17 hours. You can only drink a little tea.

Preparation for fibrocolonoscopy is very important. If you do not follow and adhere to the doctor's recommendations, this may lead to distorted results and a second procedure will be required.

Carrying out the procedure

Colonoscopy of the intestine under anesthesia can be performed both on an outpatient and inpatient basis in a specially designated room or operating room.

Scheme of colonoscopy under anesthesia:

1. The patient undresses below the waist, lies on the left side, pulling his legs to the stomach.
2. Anesthesia is introduced.
3. An endoscope is inserted into the anus and the bowel is examined.
4. If necessary, the polyp is removed or a biopsy is taken.
5. At the end of the procedure, the doctor carefully removes the probe and wakes the person up.

If local anesthesia was used, then the patient can go home immediately after the procedure. The general condition is satisfactory, but malaise is possible.

In the case of sedation and general anesthesia, the patient is under medical supervision until full awakening.

Features of colonoscopy in children

Before the procedure, as well as adults, children need to be trained.

Basically, small patients (up to 12 years old) are shown colonoscopy under general anesthesia, which is due to deep medical sleep. Then the endoscope is inserted into the anus and the study is carried out.

Since general anesthesia during colonoscopy has a number of complications and can harm the child's body, it is mandatory to stay in the hospital for several days.

Only after the doctors make sure that there are no complications and the procedure was successful, the child can be taken home.

Colonoscopy without pain is a reality! Many patients are very worried about the upcoming procedure. But do not be so nervous and in no case refuse to carry it out.

Modern anesthetic drugs make it possible to safely undergo a colonoscopy and minimize complications after it.

Our health is in our hands! Be healthy!