Addiction to drugs not only leads to the loss of friends and discord in the family, it can lead to problems with law enforcement agencies and loss of health. Drugs are substances that affect the mental and physical state of a person. The main types of illegal drugs: heroin, marijuana, ephedrine, methadone, ecstasy, opium.

Types of drugs and consequences of their use

Hemp, marijuana, hashish, plan

Usually these substances are smoked by adding tobacco to the drug. The effect of their use may vary. It all depends on the dose and individual characteristics body: redness of the eyes, feeling of dry mouth, relaxation, excessive talkativeness, hysterical laughter. A person is unable to perform responsible work because coordination is lost, reactions are dulled, and there is no concentration. Unjustified fear may arise and the heartbeat may be disrupted.

Unfortunately, the majority of young people consider these drugs to be harmless, do not cause addiction and do not cause any particular harm to health.

After prolonged use of these drugs: bronchitis develops, lung cancer may develop, the functioning of the heart muscle is disrupted, and male and female infertility develops.

The most severe complications occur with the mental abilities of the drug addict: memory and abstract thinking are impaired, frequent nervous breakdowns and delirium occur. Such complications can lead a person to complete loss of himself in society and further withdrawal into himself.

Morphine, codeine, heroin, methadone

Dependence occurs after just a few doses of the drug. Under the influence of the drug, a person becomes: drowsy, movements become slow and sluggish, speech is slurred, sensitivity is lost, the pupil narrows.

Even a small overdose can lead to the death of a drug addict, and intravenous administration can lead to HIV infection.

With regular use: destroyed the immune system body, the liver is destroyed, irreversible processes occur in the functions of the reproductive and respiratory organs, skin color changes, and teeth are destroyed. Complications such as sepsis may occur, when the infection spreads throughout the body and treatment may be useless. Most are heroin addicts. They suffer from diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis groups B and C. Treatment for these diseases is very expensive and not every drug addict has that kind of money. The state allocates funds for the treatment of these patients, but in scanty quantities. The average life expectancy of a heroin addict is 5 years. Death occurs from complications or overdose.

Psychostimulants (crack, cocaine, ephedrine)

More often these drugs are smoked or inhaled. The drugs cause: excessive motor activity, sexual desire (leads to promiscuity), insomnia, decreased appetite, increased heart rate.

When the effect of the drug wears off, the person becomes irritable, aggressive, weakened and depressed.

Drug dependence occurs after 5-7 doses of the drug. The recovery period is about 3 days (the person sleeps).

These drugs affect literally all organs: mental abilities decrease, the addict becomes aggressive. The patient becomes depressed, which often leads to suicide. The sensitivity of the nerve endings disappears, convulsive trembling of the limbs appears. Heart rhythm is disturbed, blood pressure increases (can lead to a heart attack or cerebral hemorrhage).

Intravenous administration of drugs leads to infection with HIV and hepatitis. Promiscuous sexual intercourse leads to the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases.

This is a synthetic drug. Acts as a hallucinogen and psychostimulant. Multi-colored tablets. Taken orally.

After taking the drug: increased activity, anxiety, hallucinations and insomnia. The drug is highly addictive and leads to deaths: severe fever (more than 40 degrees) and stroke.

Consequences of drug use

1. A decrease in the body’s immune functions leads to various infectious diseases. Purulent suppurations develop throughout the drug addict’s body, turning into ulcers and scars. After intravenous injections of a dirty drug, muscle tissue dies. Tendons and bones are affected.
2. Impaired metabolism often leads to severe weight loss.
3. Violation of internal metabolic processes leads to a lack of calcium in the body and tooth loss.
4. Regular use of drugs leads to impotence in men and early menopause in women.
5. Mental disorders and hallucinations lead to aggressive behavior of the drug addict and, as a result, to criminal actions.
6. Long-term drug use leads to destruction of the liver (hepatitis A, B, C), kidneys and respiratory system of the body.
7. Diseases occur cardiovascular systems s.
8. Intelligence decreases, a person degrades as a person.

• Using an injection syringe after an infected person can lead to HIV infection.
• Infection with viral hepatitis B and C. With the rapid development of infection, death occurs within 2-3 years.
• Possible severe poisoning by toxins, internal organs and the blood of a drug addict, with substances such as acetone, lead and arsenic, which are used to make narcotic drugs.
• The desire to get maximum pleasure forces the addict to increase the dose of the drug, resulting in an overdose and death.
• Psychoses and inappropriate behavior of a drug addict can lead to injury to the patient or others.

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Drugs and society

Drug and substance abuse

Drug addiction - one of the manifestations of drug addiction, when in order to achieve a narcotic, i.e., stupefying, effect (it’s not without reason that the word “dope” means drug in jargon) drugs are used.

Drug use can be viewed from three aspects:

• medical - these drugs act on the central nervous system as hallucinogens, sedatives, and stimulants;
• social - the use of these means has broad social significance;
• legal - the drug is recognized as a narcotic and is included in the list of drugs by the relevant legal act (it should be remembered that some medications also belong to drugs: morphine, promedol, etc.).

Since ancient times, different peoples have had a tradition of using various narcotic substances during religious ceremonies and ritual ceremonies. Prejudices associated with the mysterious properties of narcotic plants have left their mark on the mythology of almost all nations Ancient world. The medical use of narcotic substances in ancient times was most often based on religious beliefs. Ancient doctors widely used narcotic substances as sleeping pills and painkillers for diseases digestive tract, central nervous system, etc. Currently, narcotic drugs are most often used as painkillers for oncological diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Circulation of narcotic and psychotropic drugs on the territory of the Russian Federation is regulated by Federal Law. According to this Law, narcotic and psychotropic substances mean substances of synthetic or natural origin, drugs, plants included in a special list. The list is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and includes four lists:

• narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the circulation of which is prohibited in the Russian Federation (list 1);
• narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the circulation of which in the Russian Federation is limited and controlled (list 2);
• psychotropic substances for which certain control measures may be excluded (list 3);
• precursors - substances from which those substances included in the first three lists (list 4) can be made.

Features of drug intoxication

The most common narcotic substances are heroin (refers to opiates, i.e. drugs made from poppy seeds), hemp preparations, LSD (a synthetic drug), etc. Drugs include morphine, omnopon, promedol.

Features of drug addiction compared to alcoholism and smoking are as follows:

• Young people are more often affected, and therefore the medical and social consequences are more pronounced, especially the average life expectancy is reduced;
• drug addiction develops much faster;
• the risk of diseases such as HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and C increases sharply;
• personality degradation develops in a shorter period of time;
• health consequences are more severe and irreversible;
• withdrawal syndrome is more severe (“withdrawal”).

The use of narcotic substances is attractive because a state similar to intoxication arises: a feeling of joy of being, a surge of strength, laughter, motor disinhibition. Euphoria is accompanied by a feeling of physical well-being and peace. Along with euphoria, unsteady gait, impaired speech, pale skin, shiny eyes, narrowing or dilation of the pupils may be observed. Drug intoxication usually lasts from 1 to 6 hours. As a rule, drug addicts are complacent and friendly to each other. But they can also be angry, aggressive, irritable, and sometimes drowsy, lethargic, and inactive. Gradually, outside of drug intoxication, the state of drug addicts becomes depressed, they are tormented by headaches, nausea, vomiting, chills, i.e., withdrawal syndrome develops. In 80% of cases, the cause of death of drug addicts is an overdose of narcotic drugs, which causes acute cardiovascular failure.

No less dangerous than drug addiction substance abuse - use for the purpose of narcotic effect or non-drug medications or household chemicals. The main danger of substance abuse is that children and adolescents are more susceptible to it, since the drugs used by substance abusers are more accessible. Any toxic substance can be recognized as a narcotic after the appropriate legal act, and then a patient from the group of substance abusers is automatically included in the group of drug addicts.

Causes of drug addiction and substance abuse

There are several reasons: psychological, social, economic (it is very difficult to distinguish between them).

Psychological ones include reducing tension and feelings of anxiety, escaping problems associated with reality, and curiosity. Social reasons include family dysfunction, the impact of the social environment, and neglect. Economic reasons - unemployment, inability to get an education, active activity of criminal structures in drug distribution. The spread of drug addiction is also facilitated by the myth that drug addiction is easily curable.

Consequences of drug addiction: reduction in average life expectancy by 20-25 years; liver diseases, central nervous system, early personality degradation; Parents who are drug addicts often give birth to children with congenital pathologies, non-viable children, etc.; drug addicts are a risk group for HIV infection (the infection is transmitted through repeatedly used syringes); increase in crime (antisocial behavior while under the influence of drugs or for the purpose of obtaining drugs); The most able-bodied and active part of the population—young people—is excluded from life.

Measures to combat drug addiction and substance abuse. The fight against drug addiction and substance abuse is very difficult due to the widespread use of drugs, which bring huge profits to criminal structures. Measures taken against drug addiction and substance abuse are not successful. Most often, efforts aimed at helping drug addicts are unsuccessful. It is easier to never try a drug than to get rid of your addiction to it. A particular danger in this regard threatens young people and the younger generation, since one of the conditions for the development of drug addiction is a lack of knowledge and lack of understanding of the enormous danger that drug use poses. Therefore, one of the most effective measures to combat drug addiction and prevent it is health education.

Another important area in the fight against drug addiction and its prevention is improving socio-economic conditions and raising living standards.

Particular attention should be paid to measures that help eliminate the myth that drug addiction can be quickly cured. The work of a teenage narcologist, a social work specialist, and teachers in the family is of great importance in the fight against drug addiction.

Youth and drugs

The spread of drug addiction among young people is an issue of particular importance for many reasons:

• even a single drug trial by a teenager under 15 years of age greatly increases the risk of drug abuse in the future;
• drug abuse in adolescence often becomes the cause of chemical dependence and, accordingly, the beginning of a lifelong struggle with it;
• drug abuse interferes with a young person’s personality development, emotional and social development, study and career;
• drug abuse alienates a young person from the rest of society;
• drug addiction can lead young people to theft, prostitution and other types of illegal and criminal activities;
• drugs in pre-adult bodies are metabolized differently than in adults and cause significantly more harm.

Quite often, the first drug use occurs at a young age. Teenagers want to feel like adults and want others to perceive them that way. Now the drugs have “leaked9raquo; to junior classes; Moreover, cases of drug addiction have been reported among schoolchildren aged 8-9 years. Children of this age have very little idea of ​​the dangers posed by psychoactive drugs, and know little about how vulnerable their bodies are. Many remain disabled for life due to drug use. Among the factors that increase the likelihood of drug abuse, we note the following: family discord; presence of alcoholics or drug addicts in the family; indifferent or even favorable attitude of parents and relatives towards taking drugs; experience of physical, emotional or sexual abuse; the presence of drug addicts in a company that includes a teenager or young man; availability of drugs; feelings of fear, disappointment, loneliness; early manifested antisocial behavior at school, in college, especially aggressiveness.

Signs of drug addiction in schoolchildren and students. There are many signs by which attentive parents can guess that their children have started taking drugs. Unfortunately, adults either do not notice them at all, or, noticing negative changes in the behavior of their son or daughter, do not allow thoughts about drugs. But one, and even more so several of the following symptoms Parents should be alerted to: decreased academic performance; frequent absenteeism from school; conflicts in an educational institution; reluctance to adhere to generally accepted rules of behavior in an educational institution and at home; alienation; emergence of a new company; narrowing the range of interests; constant need for money; secrecy; frequent absence from home.

What threatens the body of a drug addict? First of all, it should be noted that in recent years the symptoms have changed clinical manifestations drug addiction and substance abuse. This is primarily due to the expansion of the arsenal of toxicomaniacal intoxicants. Drug addiction is a business for dealers who do not care about the health of their clients. Hundreds of clandestine laboratories, where scientists work, striving for easy but criminal enrichment, discover and introduce new potent drugs that do not “release”; curious after two or three times of ingestion of these substances. Therefore, primary brain damage and complications are difficult to diagnose and initiate targeted treatment. There is no doubt that addiction to intoxicants does not develop suddenly and not out of the blue. Very long time The young person develops personality changes that manifest themselves in behavioral deviations and disorders.

As noted above, drug addiction has genetic causes, and is also caused by defects in upbringing, exposure to the microenvironment, protest against imposed young man demands at home and school. In addition, one should mention personal defects, the desire to be “involved with one’s own”, choosing special jargon, lifestyle and behavior.

When first taken under the influence of “experienced leaders,” intoxicants are usually unpleasant and painful to the body. But later, substance abuse syndrome occurs - pathological attraction syndrome (drug dependence). At this stage, mental changes occur: the young man experiences euphoria or withdrawal, vegetative shifts, low mood, irritability. Parents should notice these changes earlier than teachers or the police and doctors, and seek help. When organic brain damage begins (dementia, epileptiform disorders, personality changes), drug addicts lose control over the dosage and, in a stupefied state, can lead themselves to fatal poisoning.

Changes in the nervous system occur early - in the first months of taking drugs. At this stage there are headache, sleep disturbance, lability of pulse and blood pressure. When using homemade or synthetic drugs, parkinsonism syndrome (trembling, muscle stiffness) is more common. Scientific reports published in the United States and other countries have described cases of parkinsonism in young heroin addicts.

The difficult period, especially with withdrawal syndrome, lasts 8-10 days and is characterized by a variety of symptoms - vomiting, diarrhea, aching pain, “breaking9raquo; - pain of a twisting nature in the joints and muscles, a feeling of fear, anxiety.

Somatic pathology in drug addiction also has its own characteristics. A drug addict is characterized by the whole “bouquet of diseases” - damage to the heart, blood vessels, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, blood systems, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 80% of cases, the cause of death of drug addicts is an overdose of drugs. The comatose state of a weakened body leads to shock and instant death of the drug addict.

It is well known that preventing a disease is easier than treating it. Therefore, programs aimed at preventing drug addiction among youth are a vital necessity.

Keeping young people safe from drug and drug abuse is no easy task. Many programs specifically designed for this purpose turned out to be ineffective, and some of them even led to the opposite result. In order to resist the pressure of “drug addict friends” pushing a young man towards drugs, he must be internally convinced of the unacceptability of using drugs, even “just once.” Attempts to simply provide young people with information about psychoactive drugs and the risks associated with their use have had little success in addressing this difficult task, which requires the participation of society as a whole.

Drugs and society

Drug addiction is a problem that concerns not only the health of individual members of society suffering from this disease. Drug addiction is a problem for society as a whole. One way or another, it affects all its elements, first of all, requiring expenses for the treatment of drug addicts, for eliminating the consequences of all kinds of crimes committed by them while intoxicated, for the maintenance of judicial bodies, prisons and other institutions designed to combat drug trafficking. Therefore, society has the right to introduce strict control over the use of drugs.

One of the most important tasks of today is to reduce the level of drug addiction. Here they resort to extremely diverse measures: from the use of military force (when destroying plantations, for example, hemp and opium poppy) to the complete legalization of narcotic drugs (“soft drugs”, as in the Netherlands). Some experts believe it is necessary to limit the availability of drugs, others believe that it is important to reduce demand.

But limiting access to drugs has proven difficult, almost impossible. They are easy to obtain in any country, although it is quite common to hear reports of large quantities of drugs being confiscated. Since the drug business is transnational, control over the transport and distribution of narcotic drugs is very difficult, especially since drugs are an important element of the economy of many developing countries. The enormous income generated by the production and sale of drugs encourages many people to take risks associated with illegal activities.

Unfortunately, attempts to reduce the demand for drugs have also failed. Despite all the efforts of specially trained teachers and educators, people

continue to abuse drugs and alcohol. It must be admitted that effective ways combating drug addiction and preventing it have not yet been developed.

Strategy and principles of preventing and ridding students of drug addiction

Drug Prevention Strategy provides for the creation of spiritual, moral, emotional, cognitive and physical well-being for each student. In this case, the decisive role is played by the factor of self-education, the effectiveness of which can increase by focusing on the following fundamental principles:

• awareness of the meaning of one's life;
• formulation of immediate and distant goals and attitudes that encourage active activity;
• active life position in achieving goals and vigorous activity;
• choosing a profession in accordance with your abilities;
• nurturing self-esteem, awareness of our own significance inherent in us by nature;
• healthy lifestyle.

Basic principles of recovery from drug addiction. There are many programs aimed at freeing people from drug addiction. Experts believe that the most effective of them are those that take into account the following factors:

• There are no hopeless cases in the treatment of chemical dependence;
• chemical dependence is a complex disease caused by unknown and not entirely known causes;
• Chemical addiction can be interrupted and controlled, but it cannot be cured. The goal of searching for treatment methods is not to reduce drug use, but to completely abstain from it;
• problems associated with or caused by chemical dependence should be considered secondary in the treatment of the patient;
• Denial of the problem is normal for a patient suffering from chemical dependency. Almost all of these people either avoid talking about their illness or become aggressive;
• successful rehabilitation requires fundamental lifestyle changes. Refusal to take drugs entails the disappearance of everything that was associated with it: the need to obtain drugs disappears, the circle of friends changes, etc. There is a void, free time that needs to be filled, otherwise the bad habit may return;
• chemical dependence is a disease of the entire family, so the treatment program must cover all its members;
• people suffering from chemical dependency need the help of qualified psychologists, since almost all of them are characterized by a lack of self-confidence, dependence, negative self-esteem, fear of rejection, a feeling of rejection, and social immaturity;
• It is advisable to combine the course of treatment with participation in the Twelve Steps program;
• After treatment, it is possible to resume taking drugs: a person who has never relapsed and returned to drugs is a rarity.

As for recovery programs, they are not fundamentally different from those used in the treatment of alcoholism.

Smoking and its effect on the human body

The harm of smoking. Consequences of quitting smoking

Smoking among young people. Motives for smokingSmoking and women The problem of drug addiction: factors and causes of drug addiction

Drugs and society. The fight against drug addiction: prevention and recovery from drug addiction

Drug addiction and substance abuse: consequences of drug use

Alcoholism: harm and consequences of drinking alcohol

Prevention of alcoholism and methods of combating alcoholism

The effect of alcohol on the human body

Drunkenness and alcoholism

Absorption of alcohol and its breakdown in the body

Drug addiction is a terrible disease characterized by uncontrollable cravings to narcotic substances that cause euphoria, and in case of overdose - death. People who regularly take drugs expose their body to constant intoxication. The use of such drugs can be compared to taking poison: almost all systems and organs of the human body suffer, and various mental illnesses develop. High mortality, social degradation and damage to the entire body are the consequences of drug use, so it is necessary complex treatment drug addiction.

Salt, speed, mephedrone, meow

As a result of the use of these narcotic substances, the addict behaves aggressively, hypersensitivity and irritability appear. With regular use, a person is not able to give up the drug. To achieve a second “high”, he seeks to take another dose of the psychotropic drug.

Typically, the duration of action of salt or mephedrone lasts several hours. The addict then experiences the following harmful effects of using these drugs:

• Hallucinations;
• Depression;
• Nervousness;
• Passion for hard work;
• Mental disorders;
• Unquenchable thirst due to severe dehydration;
• Crazy look;
• Poor appetite;
• Speech defects, gesturing with limbs, jaw twitching;
• Increased anxiety;
• Deterioration of sleep.

At the first similar symptoms in the behavior of a loved one, immediately seek help from the staff of the “Another Life” rehabilitation center. We provide treatment for drug addiction and substance abuse, which includes complete cleansing of the body from narcotic substances, and also provide comprehensive rehabilitation for drug addicts.

The consequences of spice, kurekha, placer, soft, hard

With regular and long-term use of synthetic drugs, speech impairment, hallucinations and psychosis are observed. The reproductive system also suffers, which often leads to infertility, and an overdose leads to death or to the fact that the drug addict becomes a “vegetable.” It is useless to talk a thousand times about the consequences of drug use to an addict - immediate treatment in a drug treatment center is necessary.

Results of using grass, hashish, marijuana, hemp

Some young people consider pot, hemp and other similar drugs easy, without thinking about what long-term use of these substances can lead to. Health effects:

• Reproductive dysfunction;
• Irritability and nervous breakdowns appear;
• Impaired memory, coordination of movements;
• Development of chronic bronchitis and malignant tumors;
• Possible development of schizophrenia;
• Heart rhythm disturbance.

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Consequences of heroin, opium, codeine, morphine, methadone

Under the influence of such drugs, the addict turns into a “vegetable”. He can barely speak, is unable to quickly perform simple tasks, and walks slowly. Overdose can be fatal. If your loved one uses these drugs, he needs immediate drug treatment help. The consequences of long-term drug use are very severe:

• Hepatitis, HIV;
• Tooth decay;
• Mental disorders;
• Liver failure;
• Decreased immunity;
• Destruction of the central nervous system.

The life expectancy of a drug addict who uses morphine and heroin is 5 years. Death most often occurs after an overdose.

After using ecstasy, coke, hairdryer, cocaine, ephedrine, crack, amphetamine

This type of narcotic substance is classified as a psychostimulant. It is quite enough to take it several times to become addicted. The drug addict becomes talkative, restless, the sense of reality is lost, certain goals appear (for example, jumping from the roof), leading to suicide, and the functioning of the heart is also disrupted, and tremors of the limbs occur.

As you can see, the prolonged effect of drugs on an addict (over time - a year or several years) leads to the complete destruction of the entire organism as a whole. A person is not able to stop taking these medications on his own; he needs urgent help. Otherwise, death is inevitable.

Photos of the consequences of drug use

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Everyone has repeatedly heard and knows that drug use has a negative impact on health, but despite this, the number of people using them continues to grow. Today we will figure out what harm this addiction can actually cause.

The harm of drug addiction

It has been proven that the younger the body, the greater the effect toxic substances have on it. The peculiarity of drugs is that their influence is detrimental at any age. In other words, a person simply does not have time to develop immunity against these substances throughout his life.

The danger of drug addiction is that narcotic poisons affect all organs and systems without exception. Remember that even the first and single attempt to use them will certainly entail horrific disruptions in the body’s vital functions or even lead to disability.

What does drug addiction lead to?

Drug addiction is a one way road! Many scientists engaged in research in this area come to this conclusion. Regardless of gender or nationality, drug addiction leads to tragic consequences and destroys the lives of young people in different parts of the world.

Young girls, using drugs, deliberately deprive themselves of natural beauty. Their appearance becomes careless, their skin becomes dull with a yellowish tint. General form Such people are so painful that passers-by begin to look at them with sympathy. Girls who have bad habits such as drug addiction use excessive amounts of cosmetics, powders, and blush to disguise these shortcomings.

Patients with drug addiction often rapidly lose weight, due to which the skin loses its elasticity, which gives the person an even more elderly appearance, and their posture changes. Hair loses its natural shine, becomes dull and brittle.

Life expectancy with regular drug use is reduced by an average of 20-25 years.

Drug addiction in the family can cause such a phenomenon as. Its essence is that the relatives of a drug addict are subject to constant stress and their personalities are deformed like the personality of an addicted person. These changes can also be traced at the physiological level, but the codependent himself, as a rule, does not pay attention to them, because he is puzzled by caring for the drug addict.

Psychological disorders are somewhat more difficult to notice, especially considering that in society they are considered positive, including: workaholism, perfectionism, sacrifice, endurance.

Women's drug addiction differs from men's in that women most often resort to taking drugs in a state of depression, while in men depression occurs as a result of abuse of the same substances. Therefore, drug addiction develops much faster in girls than in boys. This leads to the impossibility of fulfilling the main life goal - the birth of a child.

Even the use of such a “soft” drug as cannabis can cause diseases of the female genital organs and disorders menstrual cycle, and frequent marijuana use blocks ovulation.

The social consequences of drug addiction are the loss of social activity associated with the fact that the drug addict loses his ability to work and loses his status as a full-fledged unit of society. Most drug addicts do not work anywhere and live at the expense of relatives or engage in dishonest, criminal activities in order to get money.

Ways to prevent drug addiction

The organization of events of this type is based on targeted programs united by a common concept of preventive work.

The goals of such work are to create an environment in society that prevents drug abuse and reduces the harm from their use, as well as notification that drug addiction can be treated, and providing alternatives to drug addiction.

Head of rehabilitation programs SOLUTION Experience - 14 years

Although any effects of drugs are destructive, each psychoactive substance has characteristics that determine its effect on the body. Surfactants of different groups differ significantly both in effect and in the nature of the harm they cause.

According to the WHO definition, a drug is a chemical agent that causes stupor, coma, or insensitivity to pain. This term refers more to opiates and opioids. However, drugs are any illegal drugs, regardless of their origin.

The following groups of drugs are distinguished:

• Natural- plant substances consumed without preliminary processing, for example, marijuana.
• Semi-synthetic- are produced from natural substances through chemical processing, for example, opiates (derived from poppy seeds), cocaine (from coca leaves).
• Synthetic(designer) - created artificially in laboratory conditions, this category includes salts and spices.

Depending on the clinical effect, narcotic substances are divided into the following classes.

Opiates and opioids

Opiates are alkaloids found in poppy seeds. Opioids are synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs that act similarly to opiates. This class of substances includes the following drugs:

• Morphine
• Codeine
• Heroin
• Methadone
• Desomorphine

Opiates have a similar structure to endorphins, substances that are naturally produced by the body and are responsible for pleasure and pain reduction. Drugs bind to opioid receptors, causing a pleasurable sensation. If a person regularly uses opiates, the body stops producing a sufficient amount of endorphins, so stopping taking surfactants has a depressing effect on the psyche.

Taking opiates leads to the following effects:

• Powerful pain relief
• Sedative effect
• Respiratory depression
• Euphoria, feeling of peace, warmth
• Drowsiness

Separately, we note that respiratory arrest is the most common cause of death during an opiate overdose.

Other consequences of drug use:

• Severe withdrawal, which is accompanied by nausea, severe pain, and depression.
• Liver lesions. When the liver is constantly dealing with “dirty” drugs, it stops cleaning the blood normally. In this case, the immune system is greatly reduced, and toxins easily poison the body.
• Infections: HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis occur due to weak immunity, non-compliance with asepsis rules and for a number of other reasons. The risk of infection is especially high with intravenous administration.
• Decrease in intelligence, ability to concentrate, memory.

Video about the problem “Drug addiction” from Oleg Boldyrev

Stimulants and psychostimulants

Stimulants can be synthetic or semi-synthetic. This class includes:

• Cocaine
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
• Mephedrone (salt)

Psychostimulants have a tonic effect on the nervous system, increasing mood, performance, relieving fatigue and drowsiness. The effect is associated with the adrenaline-like effect of these substances, which leads to the activation of excitatory processes in different parts of the brain.

Taking stimulants causes a surge of energy. Sleep and appetite disappear. The development of addiction leads to mental disorders: anxiety, aggressive behavior, paranoid ideas. An overdose often ends in cardiac arrest. Amphetamines and salts are especially dangerous - synthetic stimulants that are rapidly addictive and quickly wear out the body.

Exhaustion caused by regular use of psychostimulants can have the following consequences:

• Strokes, heart attacks (due to disorders of the cardiovascular system)
• Bone destruction, tooth loss
• Sleep disorders
• Mental disorders, panic attacks, depression

Hallucinogens

Preparations in this group can be either natural or semi-synthetic or synthetic. The best known substances of this class are:

• Mescaline
• Psilocybin
• Phencyclidine

The effects of hallucinogens are difficult to predict. The main manifestation when using drugs of this group is vivid hallucinations, which can cause both pleasant sensations and anxiety with panic. Human behavior under hallucinogens is inappropriate. The perception of reality is disrupted, a feeling of knowing the truth often arises, and increased suggestibility is observed.

Regular use of hallucinogens leads to personality degradation, memory and sleep disorders, and schizophrenia due to damage to brain neurons.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are semi-synthetic and synthetic. These are drugs such as:

• Zoloft
• Prozac
• Paxil
• Fluoxetine

The action of antidepressants is based on blocking the breakdown of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters, the deficiency of which leads to depression. Thus, the drugs help improve mood, reduce anxiety, apathy, and restlessness.

Uncontrolled use of antidepressants leads to cardiovascular disorders, hallucinations, paranoia, tendencies to violence and suicide.

Empathogens

Empathogens are synthetic substances that can enhance empathy and compassion for another person. This class of drugs includes:

• MDMA (ecstasy)
• Pervitin
• Mephedrone

The effect of drugs is associated with an effect on serotonin levels. Empathogens help to relax and make a person unnaturally open and friendly. Under the influence of drugs, you want to communicate a lot and get close to people.

Drug addicts who abuse empathogens suffer from a variety of psychological problems: depression, aggression, and nervousness.

Memory deteriorates and heart disease occurs. Homemade pills can have unpredictable consequences and can lead to an overdose at any time.

Cannabinoids and hemp preparations

Cannabinoids are natural and synthetic. This class includes:

• Marijuana
• Hashish
• Spice

The psychotropic effect is associated with the reaction of cannabinoid receptors in the brain. Natural cannabinoids affect the brain, fixing attention on minor details. As a result, the addict is confident that he has increased perception and hypersensitivity, can distinguish more colors and sounds, and sees the essence of things.

Synthetic cannabinoids, such as spice and other synthetic cannabinoid-based smoking mixtures, mimic the effects of the natural substances found in hemp. However, these compounds are much more dangerous in their effects on the body and often lead to psychosis.

Mild euphoria and laughter when taking cannabinoids are abruptly replaced by unmotivated fear and paranoia. In some cases, a splitting of consciousness occurs.

Consequences of drugs include decreased short-term memory, reproductive system disorders in both women and men, and an increased risk of mental disorders.

Spice use can have unpredictable consequences, since the designer drug does not have a constant composition. Synthetic cannabinoids cause severe mental disorders, including irreversible ones.

Depressants

Depressants can be semi-synthetic or synthetic. This class of drugs includes:

• Alcohol
• Neuroleptics
• Sleeping pills and sedatives
• Barbiturates

Depressants are all groups of substances that suppress the central nervous system. The effect of depressants is the opposite of that of stimulants. The drugs relax, give a feeling of calm and tranquility, and drown out severe emotional pain.

Abuse of depressants leads to addiction. Euphoria when taking drugs does not last long, then it is replaced by drowsiness. The consequences of systematic use of depressants depend on the specific substance.

The most common are cardiac dysfunction, loss of interest in life, and mental disorders.

Let's talk more about depressants.

Sleeping pills

Sleeping pills are only synthetic. These drugs depress the central nervous system, causing the person to fall asleep.

Sleeping pills include:

• Phenobarbital
• Diphenhydramine
• Phenazepam
• Doxylamine

People become addicted to sleeping pills when they increase the dosage prescribed by their doctor. Different sleeping pills have different effects. They are usually taken to relax and calm down. But there are also those that cause hallucinations (for example, diphenhydramine).

Among the consequences of taking it are anxiety, fear, breathing and heart rhythm disturbances, decreased blood pressure and temperature. Long-term abuse of sleeping pills leads to insomnia, disruption of vital organs, mental disorders and death from overdose.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are synthetic drugs that inhibit the activity of the central nervous system. These include:

• Phenobarbital
• Thiopental
• Pentobarbital

Barbiturates have a sedative, hypnotic, and relaxing effect. Drug abuse causes memory loss, aggressive behavior, decreased attention, decreased physical and mental performance, and mental disorders.

Tranquilizers and neuroleptics

These are semi-synthetic or synthetic drugs, the most common are:

• Elenium
• Diazepam
• Haloperidol

By reducing the transmission of nerve impulses in certain centers of the brain, these drugs have anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and sometimes hypnotic and sedative effects.

Drug addicts use tranquilizers and antipsychotics to get side effects these drugs: euphoria and relaxation. After taking the drug, a person may behave inappropriately, his mood changes sharply, and problems with coordination and speech are observed. Long-term consumption of substances in this category leads to serious diseases of the respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular systems, and urinary disorders.

Treatment cost calculation Each case of addiction is individual. Some people need special nutrition or medications, others need extra hours of therapy with a psychologist. We will help you choose a treatment option that is right for you or your loved one.

Modern man is sick not so much physically as psychologically, which is why he develops various addictions. Drug addiction is a terrible addiction that begins with psychological problems and ends with a disorder of the functions of the entire body. It is necessary to carry out drug addiction prevention in order to eliminate this terrible disease mental health, which must be treated and be aware of its consequences if it occurs.

What is drug addiction?

It's called drug addiction psychological dependence a person from various drugs and substances that affect changes in mental activity. In rare cases, a patient may admit his addiction and ask for help, so readers of the psychiatric help site will have to be attentive to their loved ones if they suddenly show signs of drug addiction.

Drug addiction is dependence on psychoactive, sedative, toxic, narcotic and hallucinogenic substances. People become drug addicts in order to change their condition and achieve a feeling of euphoria. Some people start with just an interest in drugs in order to try their effect on their body. But since drugs give a person a feeling of flight, joy and carefreeness, he can get used to using them as a way of escaping from real problems and worries.

Drugs are negatively perceived by society because they affect the personality as a whole, changing it. A person renounces his usual interests, narrowing his circle of desires from drugs. He also becomes socially isolated, interacting only with other drug addicts. Often a person exhibits destructive behavior aimed only at getting the next dose of drugs. We should also not forget about the physical negative impact of substances on the body, which gradually begins to break down and function improperly.

Drug addiction is one of the diseases of society that needs to be fought not only at the individual level, but also at the national level.

Causes of drug addiction

A person can become addicted to drugs in a variety of ways. Some people try drugs out of boredom, others, under the influence of their immediate environment, become addicted to substances, and for others these drugs become a necessity. There are three main groups of causes of drug addiction:

1. Psychological:

• Boredom.
• Self-dissatisfaction, self-doubt.
• Family problems. For example, assault, lack or excess of love, tyranny, parents ignoring the child, suppression of the child’s “I”.
• Curiosity. Often a person is simply interested in trying something new that he might like.
• Protest against society or family. Youthful maximalism and the desire to do things their own way often push the younger generation to commit actions that will irritate others.
• Imitation of idols or peers.
• Lack of education.
• Craving for creative or intellectual success. In this case, a person resorts to drugs as a way to expand his capabilities.
• Deformation or lack of moral character.
• No future.
• Lack of internal discipline.
• No other interests.
• Internal conflicts.
• Anxiety, feeling of insecurity, fear.
• Lack of responsibility for one's own actions.
• A tribute to fashion.

1. Physiological.
2. Social:

• The spirit of the West.
• Declining moral values ​​in society.
• The presence of immorality and lack of censorship in modern media.
• Lack of organization of children's leisure time.
• Lack of promotion of conduct healthy image life.

The news that a loved one is addicted to drugs becomes unpleasant. In this case, relatives and friends are looking for various ways to help a person get rid of drug addiction. In medicine, drug addicts are people who use drugs and chemicals to intoxicate themselves. This also includes alcohol and cigarettes.

Narcotic chemicals are divided into three types:

1. Hallucinogens, often used in warfare to incapacitate an enemy.
2. Sedatives (calming drugs), the purpose of which is to inhibit the nervous system.
3. Stimulants (stimulants) aimed at increasing tone and activity.

To eliminate drug addiction, the causes of its occurrence are important. If you eliminate them, you can help a person return to a healthy lifestyle. What are these reasons?

1. • Social framework. When a person cannot meet social norms in order to be good in the eyes of others, then he goes to the other extreme - he becomes an antisocial person. If the individual himself strives for permissiveness or the social framework for him is tight, then he finds a way out in various chemical substances, which for some time provide that freedom from social shackles that he cannot achieve.
   • Protest behavior of teenagers. Teenagers, who may even come from prosperous families, become frequent drug addicts. Either the child is constantly under the strict control of his parents, or he feels indifferent. In both cases, a teenager grows up who does not know how to correlate his behavior with social norms. He does not know how to interact, because he is accustomed to permissiveness and freedom.
   • Excessive demands on the child. When parents demand too much from their child, it often becomes so unbearable that the teenager begins to indulge in drugs, which give him peace of mind and indifference to all the discontent of loved ones.
   • Lack of warm relationships with loved ones. When a person cannot find a common language with people dear to him, then he begins to eliminate his emotional experiences with the help of chemicals.
   • Impulsive character. Irresponsible behavior towards oneself and unwillingness to cope with difficulties push one to commit impulsive actions. A person does not think about what he is doing, because he is guided by only one thought - to escape from problems.

Anyone who suffers from drug addiction is afraid and weak. A person suffers mentally, so he looks for ways to reduce his experiences. How more pain, the more an individual uses a narcotic substance. The only way out of this situation is to solve the problem that is tormenting you in order to eliminate the symptom - drug addiction.

Symptoms of drug addiction

Drug addiction changes not only a person’s behavior and character, but also the functioning of his body. Indirect symptoms of drug addiction include:

• Slouched posture.
• An absent look.
• Long sleeves, no matter the weather.
• Incomprehensible speech.
• Dilated or constricted pupils, regardless of lighting.
• Black and crumbling teeth.
• Untidy appearance.
• Stealing things from other people's houses.
• Awkward and clumsy movements without the smell of alcohol on the breath.
• Disrespect, rudeness and irritability during communication.

Depending on what drug a person takes and how much, specific symptoms vary. Thus, intoxication of the body and signs of withdrawal may develop.

Cannabis in moderate to moderate quantities leads to dry mouth, dilated pupils, flushed skin, red lips and eyes.

Drugs change human behavior. He becomes:

1. Constantly smiling.
2. Cheerful.
3. Dynamic and active.
4. Thoughtless and easy to make decisions.
5. Wordy, fast and unclear in speech.

Large doses of the drug can lead to:

1. Dry lips.
2. Constriction of the pupils.
3. Pallor of the face.
4. Lethargy.
5. Self-absorption.
6. Lethargy.
7. Monosyllabic and out of place answers, pause between questions and answers.
8. Clumsiness and sweeping movements.
9. The desire to be alone so that no one pesters you with questions.
10. Acute psychosis due to excessive overdose.

Taking opiates is accompanied by:

• Drowsiness, and the person falls asleep in any position, often wakes up and quickly joins in the conversation, if addressed to him, as if he had not slept.
• Slowness and drawl of words. A person can say the same thing, talk about a topic that has long been forgotten. At the same time, he remains light, lively and witty.
• Thoughtfulness and absent-mindedness.
• Complaisance, good nature, courtesy and amenability.
• Solitude or, conversely, importunity and intrusiveness.
• Pale, dry and warm skin.
• A person's forgetfulness about what he was doing while falling asleep.
• Constricted pupils that do not dilate even in the dark, which is why drug addicts see poorly.
• No sensation of pain.

Alcoholism, substance abuse and drug addiction

It’s not just drug addiction that worries modern humanity. Along with it are alcoholism and substance abuse, which are also used by people to stupefy their consciousness.

Alcoholism is a dependence on taking alcohol-containing drugs. It should be distinguished from drunkenness, when a person simply drinks alcohol immoderately.

Substance abuse is a person’s dependence on substances that are not included in the group of drugs, since these drugs, when used excessively, do not have the same effect as drugs, although they also intoxicate to some extent.

Drug addiction treatment

Drug addiction should be treated, with the help of family and friends of the addict. It’s good if a drug addict admits his illness and wants to be cured. However, compulsory treatment is also practiced if a person’s hobby is already harmful to his health.

Drug addiction is treated by doctors, preferably in an inpatient setting, where the person will not have the opportunity to take the dose again, and doctors will also monitor his body condition. The principles of treatment are complexity, individual approach and voluntariness.

Treatment takes place in several stages:

1. At the first stage, a person refuses to take drugs, which is accompanied by convulsive and withdrawal symptoms. Here, doctors prescribe various medications to remove drugs from the body and reduce the symptoms of associated conditions.
2. At the second stage, anti-drug therapy is carried out.
3. At the third stage, the person recovers, but he receives constant support from specialists

Consequences of drug addiction

If a person does not seek help, then his body and social life suffer significantly. Liver cells that are constantly in contact with narcotic substances suffer. Also, the body quickly ages, wears out, wrinkles and other signs appear.

Women drug addicts often give birth to children with various disabilities in physical and mental development. Society as a whole has a negative attitude towards drug addicts. A person is fired from his job, loved ones turn away and abandon him altogether, no one wants to communicate with drug addicts. A person gradually becomes lonely and inadequate in his perception of the world. Moreover, all this can lead to thoughts of suicide.

Drug addiction prevention

Parents, loved ones and society as a whole should be involved in the prevention of drug addiction. Here it is necessary to carry out various areas of work to eliminate the possibility of drug addiction:

1. Engage and interest the child in various activities, clubs, and knowledge.
2. Censor the media to reduce the propaganda of drug addiction.
3. Conduct conversations with teenagers about the influence and dangers of drugs.
4. Eliminate all causes of deviant behavior in adolescents.
5. Large-scale promotion of a healthy lifestyle, when every teenager will strive to use only healthy products and communicate with those who adhere to a similar principle.

How to ultimately fight drug addiction?

Drug addiction should be eradicated and eliminated, to which all the forces of society should be directed. Since drug addiction is becoming widespread and a problem primarily among adolescents, all measures should be aimed at eliminating the causes of drug addiction.

However, struggle is impossible without the consciousness of each person. Interest and curiosity are good things, but not when a person understands that he is going to destroy his body by taking this or that substance.