[09-031 ] Ureaplasma parvum, DNA [real-time PCR]

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Identification of the causative agent of urogenital ureaplasmosis (Ureaplasma parvum), during which the genetic material (DNA) of ureaplasma is determined.

Synonyms Russian

The causative agent of ureaplasmosis, ureaplasma.

English synonyms

Ureaplasma parvum, DNA.

Research method

Real-time polymerase chain reaction.

What biomaterial can be used for research?

The first portion of morning urine, rectal scraping, urogenital scraping.

General information about the study

The incubation period is 2-5 weeks. Symptoms of ureaplasma infection may be mild or absent altogether (typical for women). In men, ureaplasma parvum can cause inflammation of the urethra (non-gonococcal urethritis), Bladder(cystitis), prostate (prostatitis), damage to the testicles (orchitis) and their appendages (epididymitis), disorders of sperm composition (decreased motility and sperm count - which threatens infertility), as well as reactive arthritis and urolithiasis. In women, ureaplasma parvum can cause inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis), cervix (cervicitis), and when the immune system is weakened, inflammation of the uterus (endometritis) and its appendages (adnexitis), which can lead to ectopic pregnancy or infertility. In addition, ureaplasma parvum in pregnant women can cause miscarriages, inflammation of the membranes, the birth of children with low body weight, as well as the development of bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia, dysplasia), bacteremia and meningitis in newborns.

Ureaplasma parvum is considered as the cause of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system if laboratory testing does not reveal other pathogenic microorganisms that can cause these diseases. It is possible to differentiate Ureaplasma parvum from another type of ureaplasma - U. urealyticum - only using molecular genetic methods, including polymerase chain reaction. Determining the type of ureaplasma is important when choosing the optimal treatment strategy for a patient.

What is the research used for?

• To establish the cause of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.
• For differential diagnosis diseases caused by sexually transmitted infections and occurring with similar symptoms: chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma infection (along with other studies).
• To evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy.
• For preventive examination.

When is the study scheduled?

• If you suspect a ureaplasma infection and ureaplasmosis, including after casual sexual intercourse and with symptoms of inflammation of the genitourinary system.
• When planning a pregnancy (for both spouses).
• For infertility or miscarriage.
• With an ectopic pregnancy.
• If necessary, evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy (1 month after treatment).

What do the results mean?

Reference values: negative.

Positive result

• Detection of Ureaplasma parvum DNA in biomaterial may indicate that this microorganism caused inflammatory diseases organs of the genitourinary system, only in the presence of symptoms of inflammation and in the absence of other pathogenic microorganisms (chlamydia, mycoplasmas, gonococci).
• Detection of Ureaplasma parvum DNA in the absence of symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system is regarded as carriage.

Negative result

• The absence of Ureaplasma parvum DNA in the studied biomaterial in the presence of symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system indicates that this pathogen is not the cause of these diseases.

What can influence the result?

• Antibacterial therapy.



Ureaplasma parvum (photo) is one of two types of microorganisms (along with urealiticum) that are usually classified as members of the mycoplasma family. This bacterium is extremely small in size, which allows it to easily penetrate the mucous membranes of all human genital organs. Just like the urealiticum species, parvum is a urease-active microorganism - in other words, the bacterium can break down urea, resulting in the release of ammonia. It is quite clear that this property of ureaplasma urealyticum, parvum has a detrimental effect on the human body, since as a result of the splitting process there is a threat of inflammation of the genitourinary system, as well as stone formation in it.

Consequences of biovar parvo infection

Until recently, it was widely believed in the medical community that ureaplasma parvum, along with urealiticum, can have the same inhibitory effect on the human body. It is in this connection that the term ureaplasma spices appeared - a concept that combines the types of biovar parvo and urealiticum. However, in recent years, many studies have been carried out that have tried to determine how parvum microorganisms affect humans, and how urealiticum. Such studies have shown that ureaplasma parvo is much more pathogenic than urealyticum. This is confirmed by the fact that upon more detailed examination, ureaplasma carriers turn out to be 80% infected with biovar urealiticum, and only 20% with biovar parvo, and these 20% are patients who turned to specialists for inflammatory processes of the genitourinary tract.

The most dangerous consequence Such infections are repeated inflammatory processes, which ultimately lead to infertility, both male and female. Unfortunately, few people know why ureaplasma parvum is dangerous, and therefore do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, believing that there is nothing serious about such a disease, although in fact the situation requires immediate medical control. In addition, ureaplasma parvo penetrates sperm, destroying their motor activity. We should also not forget that the main consequence of ureaplasma parvo, in the absence of treatment for the infection, is a significant reduction protective forces body, which leads to various types of disorders and diseases.

How to determine Ureaplasma parvum infection?

As mentioned above, it is rare to find simply carriers of biovar parvum, in contrast to urealiticum. All inflammatory processes that this infection inevitably provokes are not only very difficult, but also extremely difficult to treat. At the same time, unfortunately, the disease can develop unnoticed and asymptomatically, ultimately provoking all of the above dangerous consequences.

Among women dangerous symptoms Biovar infections are manifested by the appearance of discharge from the genitals. In the absence of treatment (and few people perceive such manifestations as a symptom of a sexually transmitted infection), the situation worsens: pain appears in the lower abdomen, which intensifies when urinating. Even more advanced ureaplasma ureaplasma parvum shows signs of internal damage to the genital organs: increased body temperature, a state of general malaise, headaches.

Like any sexually transmitted infection, this disease cannot be safe. The fact that it can be asymptomatic carries a very great danger, because ureaplasma biovar parvum can be eliminated from the human body without consequences only if the disease was detected in a timely manner and treatment was prescribed so that the infection did not have time to cause devastating consequences. In order to avoid dangerous complications, it makes sense to undergo examination for people who suspect the presence of the disease in their sexual partner, those who are planning to conceive a child, as well as patients undergoing treatment for sexual disorders or infertility.

Ureaplasma parvum, U. parvum (formerly Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar) a very small (0.1-0.6 µm) bacterium that possesses RNA and DNA.

It does not have a cell wall, so the bacterium does not stain when tested on the Gram.

The absence of a cell wall is also the reason why beta-lactam antibiotics are unsuccessful in the treatment of ureaplasmosis.

Because they only act on bacteria that can create a cell wall.

If Ureaplasma parvum was detected, what does this mean?

parvum refers to bacteria that cause infections of the urogenital tract, found in children and adult patients.

U. parvum is a commensal microorganism.

That is, it can be freely localized on the mucous membrane of the genitourinary tract without provoking clinical signs infectious process.

In the presence of certain factors, such as a decrease in the protective functions of the immune system or a violation normal microflora, the activity of ureaplasma increases significantly.

The bacterium begins to attack mucosal cells, causing inflammation.

If ureaplasma is detected, the patient is required to undergo testing for other types of STDs.

Chlamydia and Trichomonas- most often diagnosed diseases that occur together with ureaplasma.

Let's take a closer look at what to do if ureaplasma parvum or urealiticum was detected, what their symptoms are and how to treat them.

What to do if ureaplasma parvum is detected: treatment regimen

Ureaplasma parvum has been detected, is it worth treating?

This question is asked by almost every patient who has been diagnosed with this pathogen.

The need for therapy and antibiotics is discussed exclusively with the doctor.

Thus, if a bacterium is detected in a concentration of less than 10*4 CFU/ml and there are no symptoms of infection, treatment, as a rule, is not required.

However, when planning a pregnancy, therapy may be necessary.

If the above concentration is exceeded and signs of disease are present, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

An important point is the restoration of the microflora of the urogenital tract and increasing local immunity.

Characteristic feature ureaplasma is their resistance to a fairly wide range of antibiotics, which is due to the absence of a cell wall.

Treatment of ureaplasma parvum in women and men is carried out using the following drugs:

• Tetracycline or Doxycycline. They inhibit bacterial growth by blocking the formation of vital proteins in pathogens. As a result, pathogens are deactivated and can no longer reproduce. Dosage is selected on an individual basis, most often the treatment regimen (urealyticum biovar) for ureaplasma parvum in men or women involves taking 100 mg of the drug per day (necessarily after meals), for at least 10 days.
• Macropen, Azithromycin, Midecamycin. The drugs belong to the group of macrolide antibiotics. Depending on the type of pathogen, the drug's active ingredient inhibits the growth of bacteria or destroys them by inhibiting the formation of vital proteins. The spectrum of activity mainly includes gram-positive bacteria. The tablets should be taken with plenty of water during meals. Drugs are prescribed in a dose of 250 mg mg for three to five days.
• Lincomycin, Clindamycin, Dalacin. The medications belong to the group of lincosamide antibiotics. Depending on the concentration active substance and the type of pathogen, bacteria are destroyed or inactivated by the active substance. First of all, the drugs are effective against gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms and anaerobic bacteria. Most often, drugs are prescribed at 250 mg twice a day, after meals, for a course of 3-5 days.

Possible side effects antibacterial treatment:

• nausea
• diarrhea
• stomach ache
• loss of appetite

In parallel with antibiotics, when treating ureaplasma parvum in women, drugs that stimulate the immune system are prescribed.

One such remedy is Lykopid.

The drug is developed on the basis of the substance Glucose Мinylmuramildipeptidum, which is a synthetic immunomodulator.

The drug activates the immune system, protects the body from pathogens of viral, bacteriological and fungal origin.

To restore the microflora after taking antibiotics, eubiotics are prescribed: Linex, Labilact, Bifiform, etc.

Particular importance is given to pregnant patients who have been diagnosed with ureaplasmosis.

To minimize the risk of complications, therapy is carried out from the 22nd week of pregnancy.

The woman is prescribed antibacterial drugs, immunomodulators and lactobacilli.

You should avoid drinking alcohol, fried foods, salty and sour foods.

At the time of therapy, intimate intimacy should be excluded.

Important! The entire stage of treatment is carried out exclusively under the supervision and control of a doctor.

Ureaplasma parvum can provoke a variety of complications, in particular cause the development of:

• chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs
• pathologies of the uterus with subsequent miscarriages or infertility
• fetoplacental insufficiency (impaired functioning of the placenta)
• disturbances in the quality and activity of spermatozoa

Predisposing factors for U. parvum infection are multiple sexual relationships, unsafe sexual practices, and current STI infections.

How to detect Ureaplasma parvum?

U. parvum can be identified through a number of laboratory tests.

The following tests are used for diagnosis:

• Serological diagnosis. It is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also known as ELISA or ELISA. Linked immunosorbent assay is a primary testing procedure that directly detects antibodies against the pathogen and a specific antigen. Analysis is a highly accurate research method, its accuracy reaches 98-99%. However, ELISA has some disadvantages. A positive result may indicate either an ongoing infection or that the patient was once infected. In addition, after a course of therapy for ureaplasmosis, ELISA can also show a positive result.
• Polymerase chain reaction. The PCR analysis method, sometimes called “molecular photocopying,” is a highly accurate diagnostic method that allows you to determine the specific type of pathogen. There are three main steps in the analysis: denaturation (where the double-stranded DNA template is heated to separate it into two separate strands), annealing (where the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to the template DNA), and elongation (the process involves synthesis of the second strand). The result is a huge number of copies of a particular DNA segment produced in a relatively short period of time. To detect Ureaplasma parvum, real-time PCR (quantitative qPCR) is often used. qPCR has a much wider range of analysis than conventional PCR diagnostics. The interpretation of the analysis is simple: positive (Ureaplasma parvum DNA detected) - the pathogen is present, negative - the bacterium has not been identified.

• Cultural seeding. The test involves a microscopic examination of a smear taken from the vagina and urethra. Next, the biological material is placed on a special nutrient medium, where colonies will be grown for subsequent research. Also, with ureaplasma parvum, leukocytosis (an increase in white blood cells, which indicates inflammation) can be detected in the smear. After identifying the pathogen, the analysis continues by determining its sensitivity to antibiotics, which will allow choosing the most effective drugs. The presence of ureaplasma parvum and the need for its treatment are indicated when bacteria are detected in an amount of 10 * 4 CFU/ml or more. If there is a similar result or lower and in the absence of clinical signs of infection, antibiotic therapy is not carried out, treatment aimed at strengthening the immune system is prescribed.

Diagnosis of parvum is necessary for women in the following cases:

• the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs
• absence of the desired pregnancy within 12 months
• spontaneous termination of pregnancy in its early stages
• the presence of pathological discharge, as well as signs of cystitis, urethritis

Diagnosis of ureaplasma parvum is carried out not only for infertility.

But also if a woman has a history of premature birth (4-6 weeks ahead of schedule).

Ureaplasma parvum: what is it?

parvum or biovar PARVO- a bacterium from the Mycoplasmataceae family, which, together with u. urealiticum have the common name ureaplasma spp.

These microorganisms are equally capable of provoking wide range similar diseases and clinical manifestations.

Biovar PARVO, as a rule, is predominantly detected in men, and u. urealiticum - most often diagnosed in gynecology.

Parvum is considered as the most pathogenic microorganism from the category of ureaplasma spp, capable of causing severe infectious and inflammatory reactions.

Pathology involving U. parvum tends to have a long course, where remission is often replaced by exacerbation.

To maintain its own vital activity, bacteria need certain cell components - intracellular organelles.

Organelles- these are specialized substructures in the cell that perform certain Features:

• synthesis of polypeptides (this process is called translation)
• provide internal structure and mediate intracellular transport
• store genetic material (DNA) as chromatin and others

In the absence of antibodies to ureaplasma, the bacterium penetrates the cell, where it starts the process of active reproduction.

Such a complex biochemical reaction is accompanied by the formation of ammonia.

It has a detrimental effect on the mucous membranes, provokes the formation of inflammation, ulcers, and erosive lesions.

Epidemic process of ureaplasma parvum

Infection with U. Parvum is possible in the following cases:

• During unprotected sexual intercourse with a person who is a carrier of the bacteria and who has acute signs infections. The PARVO biovar can also be transmitted through anal and oral intimacy. The pathogen poses a particular danger to individuals who practice frequent changes of sexual partners and same-sex intercourse. There is a possibility of infection through a kiss, but so far there is no evidence of such infection.
• Fetal infection It is rare during pregnancy, but quite possible. More often, infection occurs during labor, when the fetus passes through the birth canal.
• It is also possible to become infected through contact and everyday life, but this is very rare. Once in external environment, the bacterium dies after a few hours or even earlier.
• Infection is possible in organ transplants, usually kidneys. The microorganism likes to localize itself on the cells of a given organ. An important point is that patients after transplantation are forced to take drugs to suppress the immune system (in order to prevent organ rejection), which is a favorable condition for the development of ureaplasmosis.

Parvum is a bacteria with a high percentage of infectiousness, where men are more often susceptible to infection.

IN male body the bacterium tends to have a calm course, without provoking severe inflammation and, accordingly, significant symptoms.

In men, the disease is often diagnosed accidentally during a standard examination.

The bacterium can also be detected when the patient complains of signs of urethritis or prostatitis.

Ureaplasma parvum: clinical manifestations of infection

The symptomatic manifestation is associated with the main location of the bacterium.

Associated clinical manifestations include pelvic inflammatory disease, cystitis, cervicitis, pyelonephritis, chorioamnionitis, and postpartum fever.

Infection of genital ureaplasma can be asymptomatic in many cases or have a vague clinical picture.

Treatment of infection largely depends on clinical manifestation and test results, in women ureaplasma parvum can provoke the following symptoms:

• increased vaginal discharge, the presence of purulent contents or streaks of blood
• bloody spotting in the middle menstrual cycle or after intimacy
• burning sensation or itching in the urethral canal, pain when urinating
• development of nagging, not pronounced pain in the lower abdomen
• general malaise, slight increase in body temperature

Ureaplasma parvum (urealyticum biovar) often provokes itching of the genitals and inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.

In men, the bacterium often provokes urethritis, which can manifest as urethral discharge, urethral irritation and dysuria.

Epididymitis may develop - soreness and swelling of the epididymis.

Patients report discomfort during ejaculation and sexual intercourse.

Inflammatory processes against the background of parvum can last a long time.

At the same time, it is completely asymptomatic or with such a mild clinical picture that it is impossible to guess the pathology.

The bacterium can cause quite serious complications in the functioning of the pelvic organs, in particular, it has a negative effect on the reproductive system.

Particular caution should be exercised in patients planning pregnancy or who are already pregnant.

Ureaplasma spp. are the most commonly isolated microorganisms in the amniotic cavity.

Associated with spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm birth.

A study was conducted in Germany where 118 samples of material from the amniotic fluid of premature babies (born before 34 weeks of gestation) were analyzed using quantitative PCR.

The bacterial load caused by Ureaplasma biovar (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum) and the level of inflammation correlated directly with U. parvum, where the bacterium was the predominant biovar.

In addition, there was a positive correlation between the amount of U. parvum and the amount of inflammation within the amniotic cavity.

Thus, we can conclude that the microorganism has a negative effect on both the course of pregnancy and the health of the fetus.

Children who have been exposed to ureaplasma are more likely to suffer from meningitis and pneumonia.

In the absence of adequate treatment for a long time, ureaplasmosis can lead to severe inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and cause obstruction fallopian tubes, lead to infertility.

In men, the bacterium has a negative effect on spermatogenesis, worsens the quality of ejaculate, and reduces sperm motility.

May cause inflammation prostate gland.

In addition, Ureaplasma parvum can lead to joint damage, causing inflammation of the synovial membrane.

As a result, arthritis develops.

Pain and stiffness are the most common symptoms.

Arthritis can affect almost any part of the body.

Most often the knee, hip, vertebral and other weight-bearing joints, as well as small joints of the fingers and toes.

Ureaplasma parvum detected: questions from patients

A girl has ureaplasma parvum, but a man does not, is this possible?

Yes, it's quite possible. The man's immune system works properly, preventing the bacteria from becoming active. However, sexual intercourse without a condom should be avoided.

Which doctor treats mycoplasma and ureaplasma parvum?

The disease is treated by a gynecologist, urologist or andrologist. Therapy can also be carried out by a venereologist.

Is ureaplasma parvum treated?

The need for therapy is considered on an individual basis, depending on test results and clinical signs.

If you are found ureaplasma parvum, contact the author of this article - a venereologist in Moscow with many years of experience.

Bacteria that live on the mucous membranes of the genital organs and in the urinary tract.

Medical practice shows that ureaplasmosis is more often detected in the fairer sex than in men. Pathology can be diagnosed in completely healthy people, as well as in patients suffering infectious diseases genitourinary system.

Types of bacteria

IN Lately More and more often, Ureaplasma spp (or species) is identified in analyzes - this is a term that combines two species. Because, by and large, it makes no sense to separate them.

Types of ureaplasma are determined only by a genetic test. To do this, biomaterial is taken and carried out (PCR). As a result of the study, the name of the microorganism is given.

Ureaplasma positivity

Ureaplasma-positive or carriage is the detection of ureaplasma laboratory methods diagnosis in the absence of a disease that can be associated with the presence of infection with ureaplasma.

Ureaplasma positivity is a fairly common phenomenon; 2.5% - 30% (according to various sources) of sexually active women (having 2 or more partners per year) and up to 10-20% of sexually active men have ureaplasma.

Positivity can be temporary (transit) from several hours to several weeks and persistent (months-years, and sometimes a lifetime). Despite the fact that diseases do not develop with ureaplasma positivity, positivity is considered a risk factor.

Ureaplasma in women leads to the formation of inflammatory processes, which usually do not manifest themselves with the appearance of clear pathological symptoms. This is the reason why the disease can go undetected for a long time. As a result, complications may develop that, in the absence of adequate therapy, lead to disorders of the functioning of the genitourinary system.

A characteristic feature of ureaplasmosis is that it begins to manifest itself quite intensely and clearly at the moment the body’s resistance decreases. In this case, pathological discharge from the genital organs is observed, which may contain blood impurities, pain during sexual intercourse, pain in the head and an increase in body temperature. What is ureaplasma and how to treat it, this is what will be discussed in this article.

Characteristic features of the pathogen

In medical practice, it is customary to distinguish two types of ureaplasmas - ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum, but there is no difference between them, and therefore they are combined into one group called ureaplasma spp. Very often people are interested in what is the difference between these microorganisms. In response, it is necessary to state that they cause diseases with almost the same course and clinical picture. These pathogens differ only in that the biovar ureaplasma parvum is diagnosed more often in representatives of the stronger half of humanity, and ureaplasma urealiticum in women.

Generally speaking, ureplasma refers to the smallest microorganisms that occupy a middle position between viruses and bacteria and are endowed with the ability to independently exist and reproduce. The pathogen persists in the body and, at a favorable moment, for example, a decrease in the immune response, manifests itself in the form of a disease called ureaplasmosis.

As for ureaplasma parvum, it has a high level of pathogenicity and is a bacteria that can accumulate on the mucous membrane of the urethra. They are considered conditionally pathogenic, because they do not in all cases cause the formation of the disease; most women become only carriers of the infection. When a disease develops that is caused by this particular type of pathogen, its course will be severe with frequent cases of exacerbations.

Ureaplasma parvum in women and men produces enzymes that lead to the destruction of antibodies. The final product of ureaplasma activity is ammonia, which leads to the development of destructive processes in the mucous membrane and the formation of ulcerative and erosive surfaces.

How can you get infected?

The main routes of transmission of infection are:

• Sexual. If you have sexual relations with a sick person or carrier. The highest risk of getting sick is in people who are disorderly sex life who often change sexual partners and do not use barrier methods of contraception, namely condoms. In addition, transmission of the pathogen through kissing, oral and anal sex is no exception.
• Vertical path. Infection occurs when the fetus passes through the infected reproductive tract of the mother.
• Transplacental, transmission of the pathogen to the fetus occurs through the placenta during intrauterine development.
• Contact and household, when visiting places with large crowds of people, namely swimming pools, toilets, saunas.

Cases of infection with this disease, although isolated, also occur when a person has a history of donor organ transplants.

It should be noted that ureaplasma parvum differs extremely high level contagiousness. Infection of men occurs from sick women or carriers. The presence of the pathogen in the male body is usually detected accidentally during preventive medical examinations.

What is the danger of ureaplasma?

The detection of ureaplasma is primarily dangerous because the pathogen, as already noted, can lead to the formation of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs. In the absence of adequate drug therapy, ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum can cause such negative consequences How:

• processes of inflammatory nature of the pelvic organs;
• problems conceiving a child;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• premature birth;
• decreased quality of sperm in men;
• destruction of sperm and a decrease in their number in semen.

That is why it is very important to conduct examinations for the presence of ureaplasma in the body during the period of planning a child.

Clinical picture in women

Pathological symptoms and treatment of the disease may differ, everything will depend on the location of the pathogen. In women, the disease may not manifest itself for a long time, but only the immune system weakens, a mucous discharge from the vagina begins to appear without an unpleasant odor. With progression pathological process and its spread to the uterus, other signs begin to appear in the form of:

• pain in lower sections abdomen, which have a cutting nature;
• discharge from unpleasant smell(this indicates the addition of a secondary infection) and the appearance of blood impurities;
• pain during sex;
• burning and itching that appears during the act of urination;
• dysuric disorders;
• uterine bleeding;
• increased body temperature and the appearance of signs of intoxication of the body;
• redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the urethra and vagina.

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Features of treatment of ureaplasma with Terzhinan

In the absence of timely drug therapy, quite serious consequences can occur. Therefore, to prevent the risk that the infection will go undetected, it is recommended to undergo preventive examinations by a gynecologist with all necessary tests.

Ureaplasma and the gestation period

Since pregnancy is accompanied physiological changes organism, one of which is a decrease in its resistance, ureaplasma in the body of a pregnant woman multiplies intensively and exerts its pathogenic effect.

In addition to the appearance of the listed pathological symptoms of the disease in a woman, ureaplasma parvum can also leave a negative imprint on the condition of the fetus, because it can lead to the formation of fetal dystrophy and infection of the membranes. As a result, this leads to the diagnosis of pathological conditions such as meningitis and pneumonia in a newborn child. In addition, the newborn may also experience developmental defects.

There is a risk of developing other diseases, such as gardinella. The combination of this infection with ureaplasmosis poses a serious danger, because problems during childbirth and infection of the newborn may occur.

Treatment of ureaplasmosis during pregnancy is considered difficult, because it requires the prescription of antibacterial drugs, most of which are contraindicated during pregnancy.

That is why it is necessary to focus on undergoing examinations before pregnancy.

Features of the course of the disease in men

In representatives of the stronger half of humanity, as well as in women, the disease does not manifest itself immediately. Symptoms, if present, are not very intense and therefore quite often go unnoticed. A peculiarity of the presence of ureaplasmosis in men is that in them it is almost always a companion to other diseases. The main symptoms of this pathological condition relate:

• pain that appears during the act of urination;
• burning sensation;
• clear, mucous discharge from the urethra.

Uncomplicated forms of the disease can disappear without outside help, but unprotected sexual relations can lead to infection of the partner and re-infection. Another characteristic feature of the infection is that it can become latent, and relapses will occur when the body’s resistance decreases.

Cases of disappearance of the symptoms of the disease without treatment are considered no exception, but after a certain period of time the consequences of untreated ureaplasmosis manifest themselves in the form of urolithiasis or inflammation of the prostate gland. And treating such consequences is much more difficult and longer compared to the provoking disease itself. That's why the best option When diagnosing a ureaplasia infection, it is necessary to undergo adequate antibacterial therapy.

Diagnosis of the disease

To identify a pathological process in the body provoked by ureaplasma urealiticum or ureaplasma parvum, use:

• Linked immunosorbent assay. Venous blood is collected for further detection of antibodies in it: IgG, IgA, IgM. Negative results will indicate the absence of infection in the body, and positive results will indicate the presence of a pathogen.
• Carrying out polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This analysis is characterized by an extremely high degree of accuracy, since it makes it possible to diagnose even one pathogenic microorganism in the biological material being studied. The polymerase chain reaction makes it possible to identify fragments of RNA and DNA of ureaplasma. The result is considered positive when diagnosing ureaplasma parvum DNA (it indicates the presence of a sexually transmitted infection).
• Bacteriological examination of biological material. Cultural sowing is considered the most effective and most used. The material being tested can be secretion from the vagina, urethra, blood or urine; it should be collected in the morning.

After this, the material is inoculated onto special nutrient media, and the grown colonies are assessed and counted. This method also allows us to identify the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibacterial drugs.

A positive examination result can be considered if the number of microorganisms exceeds 10 to 4 CFU/ml. If ureaplasma parvum is detected in high concentrations, treatment should be started as soon as possible.

Those women must undergo an examination for the presence of ureaplasma in the body:

• who have a history of chronic inflammatory processes in the genitourinary tract;
• who have problems conceiving a child (with unsuccessful attempts within a year);
• who have a history of miscarriage;
• who have a history of childbirth that began prematurely (before 34 weeks).

If ureaplasma infection does not manifest itself clinical symptoms, A laboratory research do not indicate presence high performance antibody titer, then in this case therapy antibacterial drugs doesn't matter. All you need to do is strengthen the body by prescribing vitamins and immunostimulating medications.