What is the growth rate of mushrooms? Favorable and unfavorable conditions for the appearance of fungi. What affects the growth rate of mushrooms?

Do you know what the growth rate of mushrooms is? There is no definite answer to this question. Not a single mushroom picker can definitely name the time when mushrooms appear after rain. Fans of quiet hunting have noticed that small mushrooms become adults from three to ten days. But this is not a dogma at all - it all depends on many factors. For example, forest insects that have settled in mushrooms prevent the normal development of fruiting bodies. Fans of the mushroom diet are well aware that in rainy autumn, mushrooms grow rapidly on the edges and clearings, and in dry autumn they should be looked for under trees in the shade.

Effect of temperature on the growth rate of fungi.

Many mushrooms begin their growth at a temperature of five degrees. At temperatures above thirty degrees, growth stops completely. At a constant temperature not lower than 18 degrees for two weeks and sufficient humidity, intensive growth of mushrooms begins. At the optimum temperature, russula grows completely in two days. But if there is a significant temperature fluctuation between day and night, then the growth rate is markedly reduced.

Influence of humidity on the growth rate of mushrooms.

The next important factor is the humidity of the soil and air. In almost all fruiting bodies, the mycelium is located in the upper layers of forest soil at a depth of no more than ten centimeters. At optimal temperature and high humidity, the growth rate increases, and the dryness of the soil sharply reduces the growth rate. If, after an intense rainy period, a drought sets in sharply, then the growth rate of fruiting bodies decreases.

The reason is that when the soil is saturated with moisture and the air humidity is low, intensive evaporation of moisture begins. It is believed that for optimal growth, the required air humidity in the surface layer should be at least seventy percent.

The growth rate of some mushrooms.

On average, we can assume that most mushrooms in our forests grow to medium size in five or six days. Then, until the complete decomposition of the fruiting body, another ten to fourteen days pass. Mushrooms with dry flesh live a few days longer. The stem stops growing two days earlier than the cap. In one day, the stem and cap of the fruiting body increase by one centimeter. Fans of quiet hunting have noticed that tubular mushrooms grow most rapidly. By the way, the growth rate of fruiting bodies, both at night and during the day, is exactly the same.

• Oyster mushrooms grow no more than three days.
• Autumn mushrooms grow in just three days.
• Aspen mushrooms grow in four days.
• Butterflies grow in five days.
• Chanterelles ripen in seven days.
• Boletus grows for at least nine days
• Boletus boletus grows in ten days.
• Milk mushrooms grow in twelve days.

Kira Stoletova

Forest edible mushrooms - a storehouse beneficial vitamins and nutrients, completely replacing the meat product. For their high nutritional value, they are not in vain called "vegetable" or "forest" meat. They are healthy, tasty, nutritious and, most importantly for mushroom pickers, they grow quickly. Active reproduction and growth of mushrooms, starting from the first spring collection season and ending with the last, autumn one, is due to their unique biological characteristics.

The structure of mushrooms

An ordinary mushroom that grows in the forest consists of a stem (hemp) and a cap, which together make up the fruiting body of the mushroom. The base of the stem is connected to a mycelium (mycelium), which is very reminiscent of a tangled weave of thin threads (hyphae).

The mycelium itself is located in a loose topsoil, including overripe leaves, dying plant remains, humus and other soil organic matter. The threads of the mycelium form the entire fruiting body of the fungus - from the base of the stem to the cap. It is through them that organic nutrients obtained from symbiont trees enter the mushroom cap.

This is very important for the reproduction of the fungus, because. spores are found in thin plates or tubules on the lower surface of the cap. After maturation, spores fall off the surface of these formations (plates, tubes) and are carried through the forest by wind, insects or animals.

reproduction

Once in a warm and humid environment, fungal spores begin to germinate rapidly. This is how a new independent mycelium is formed, which lies underground up to 15 cm from the soil surface.

The mushroom picker has many important functions:

• contributes to the maximum fixation of the entire fungal organism in the soil;
• “distills” the mineral substances obtained from the soil into the cells of the roots of symbiotic trees, and then delivers the organic substances formed in the process of photosynthesis by trees to the fruiting bodies of fungi;
• fulfills the obligation to adapt to changes in the environment;
• responsible for sporulation and preservation of fungal spores.

Mushrooms grow most rapidly in mature perennial myceliums, which have a numerous and branched micellar system that is resistant to adverse conditions for growth and development (frost and drought). When the mycelium becomes sufficiently developed, formation begins. Mushroom threads are more intertwined with each other, forming small lumps - future legs and caps of mushrooms.

Growth Features

Approximately 3-5 days are required for the mushroom to reach medium size. It is these young and strong mushrooms that professional mushroom pickers prefer to collect. But not all fungi grow and develop at the same rate.

How fast a mushroom grows is directly affected by:

• the nature of the area where the mycelium grows;
• humidity and temperature of both air and soil;
• a variety of edible mushrooms.

For example, boletus, russula and boletus most quickly gain mass of the fruiting body, so you can go to the forest for harvesting a few days after the previous one - you will find a lot of young mushrooms.

From boletus and porcini mushrooms, you can wait almost a week for full ripening. And chanterelles are considered the most leisurely in the mushroom kingdom, they grow much more slowly than other varieties.

Optimal conditions

In order for future mushrooms to develop intensively in the mycelium and grow rapidly, the mushroom organism needs certain conditions.

Temperature

The low temperature regime has a negative effect on the young mycelium, and sudden spring frosts are detrimental to developing fungi. A cold snap with sharp temperature changes can greatly slow down and even completely stop the growth of the fruiting body. Intensive and accelerated ripening of mushrooms begins at a temperature of 18℃ to 30℃, but only with a sufficient moisture index, at least 60%.

Humidity

The humidity index should be about 60-70%, both in the air and in the soil. If the soil is not moist enough, then the mushrooms cease to grow actively, although the development of the fruiting body does not completely stop.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The development of fungi is especially active when the soil moisture content is 80-85%. However, if the humidity of the substrate reaches 95-100%, growth and development will begin to be delayed due to a lack of oxygen, which is necessary for fungi, like all living organisms, for their development. Thus, waterlogged soils contain only traces of free oxygen (O 2) and, in connection with this state of affairs, one can find in them only species adapted to such unfavorable conditions - emerycellopsis, some Fusariums, etc. The “lethal” combination of – high humidity and low temperature. Therefore, it is also not realistic to harvest a good harvest in a cold rainy summer, just like a hot, but dry one.

Soil acidity (pH) is also very important for fungi - the active acidity of the environment, the value of which shows us the concentration of hydrogen ions (H +) in the environment. The normal life of the fungus and its vital processes, such as, for example, the activity of enzymes, sporulation, the entry of nutrients into the cell, the synthesis of antibiotics and pigments, depend on it. Most mushrooms prefer acidic soils, a smaller number - alkaline.

Pests

When the optimal conditions for fungal organisms come - warm and humid weather in the absence of pests and diseases, the ripening time of fruiting bodies is reduced, and new young mushrooms grow "by leaps and bounds."

The process of active growth does not stop day or night - this is hallmark of the fungal kingdom and one of the characteristic features of the plant kingdom.

Fruiting bodies grow especially vigorously in the warm season, after rain, when the sun begins to warm the moisture-soaked soil. Under these conditions, young mushrooms form to medium size in just a few days, and then within 10 days they gain weight of the fruiting body, which indescribably pleases lovers of "silent hunting".

White mushroom (boletus) is rightfully considered the king of forest edible mushrooms. By nutritional value he takes 1st place, and only after him come mushrooms, milk mushrooms, boletus, boletus, boletus, volnushki and other inhabitants of the mushroom kingdom. Its mycelium begins to grow in early spring with the onset of stable warm weather. Growth continues until late autumn, and with the onset of autumn frosts, it stops until the next warm season.

White mushrooms grow at temperatures from 18°C ​​to 28°C, the mycelium is able to grow at a temperature of 8°C. Relative humidity is in the range of 60-70%.

If drought occurs in places of growth, then the growth of porcini mushrooms greatly slows down until it stops completely, and the time for maturation of spores increases significantly. Moreover, with a decrease in the air humidity index, the fruiting body also slows down growth, because. it is not protected from moisture evaporation and dries out, unlike other varieties of mushrooms.

There are frequent cases when, after heavy warm rains, mushrooms are collected with a hat diameter of up to 18 cm and a leg up to 12 cm.

Under favorable conditions (rainy and warm weather), mushrooms grow quite quickly - after 4-5 days, the weight of a young mushroom reaches about 180 grams. Further, their mass continues to increase. The life of adult mushrooms takes about 2 weeks. When the spores mature, the fruiting bodies quickly age and wither. Such fruiting bodies are quite suitable for forest dwellers. The life cycle closes, but life continues its victorious march.

You won’t understand these mushrooms - they grow when they want. No, when it's dry in the forest, then everything is clear - there are no mushrooms. But when it starts to rain, it’s not so easy to trace the pattern and not everything here is unambiguous.

Forest near Evminka For example, here is one Crimean mushroom picker with a long experience in picking mushrooms, he is absolutely sure that mushrooms should be caught on about the 12th day after the rains (see). I somehow also tried to track this pattern on my own in the Polissya forests, checking the mushroom places daily, as soon as it rained, for 10 days, but it was all to no avail, and then I got tired, but another 4-5 days later the mushrooms literally flooded everywhere. But, on the other hand, my mother talked about one famous amateur mushroom picker in their Podolsk village, who went to the forest at the first rains and always returned with a full basket of mushrooms.

See the fox? And I don't see... Why am I? There is some free time, today from 3 o'clock to 6 o'clock, and I want to go to nature, to the forest. Light rains passed 4 days ago, before that it was dry for a long time. Any chance for mushrooms? Well, let's see today. Direction - not very far, but this is perhaps the closest real mushroom forest to us, because in those forests that are closer, even in the high mushroom picking season, you can not always count on a decent catch.

We arrived as quickly as possible to one previously known place in a pine forest with moss meadows near Yevminka, where we previously collected, and also, at the end of summer - early autumn (for example, here is a report).

And they are there! The journey took 35 minutes. This means that we have at our disposal, taking into account the meeting scheduled for the 6th house, an hour and a half of a calm search for mushrooms. We parked on the grass, leaving the dirt road. We got out of the car - oh, but right under your feet - chanterelles! Hmm ... And a good start :-). I even had to rearrange the car a bit, as several chanterelles hid under the car. Well, let's keep looking.

Indeed, chanterelles happened here and there. Not that there were many of them, not that they were large, but none the less. They hide, as usual, in mosses, or under fallen needles. You won’t notice from afar, you have to go to the right place, look carefully from above, notice a yellow speck, or even “dig out” - brush off the old needles from a suspicious mound.

Polish mushroom in July There was also another interesting mushroom in the coniferous July forest, we even argued a little about its species. On the one hand, in terms of shape and the nature of the spots on the hymenophore, the mushroom looks like a Polish one. On the other hand, there are cracks on the cap, like some kind of flywheel.

We ourselves could not come to a common opinion, so we brought the question to the public's judgment - upon arrival home, we uploaded a photo and asked a question to other mushroom pickers on Vkontakte ( group Mushroom pickers of Ukraine). They said - the hat was cracked from the heat.

We also went into a young pine forest nearby, with small patches of birch trees, hoping to see there or, as last year.

Mushroom-gorchak - an inedible clone of a white fungus Alas, in vain, it is now completely empty and bare. Not even bad guys. Only some incomprehensible fungus was found in the hollow of an old stump. Although the book writes that July is the time of the second layer of oil (see), we question this statement. Maybe it was not written for our latitudes?

We return back under the tall pines. Even today, white mushrooms came across from time to time. Despite the clear signs of the noble origin of this fungus, just in case, he bit off a piece of pulp to make sure that it tasted bitter again. No, the pulp is generally sweetish - that means for sure!

Well, it turns out that you can not count 12 days after the rains and go for prey with the first rains? Just need to know the places...

Join our new group lovers of silent hunting

The most interesting plant that a person uses for food is mushrooms, and the rate of its growth is very high, but as a rule, the rate of this growth is too high, by the mushroom pickers themselves. Just during the collection, some of the mushrooms do not fall into the eyes of the mushroom picker and passing through a few hours, therefore - he sees the same place - those missed and assumes that new ones have already grown!

If the mushroom picker comes to the mushroom picking place after a few days, then he sees already overgrown, old mushrooms.
How fast mushrooms grow? Hat mushrooms grow fastest of all mushrooms, but even during the day you can see how this or that mushroom has grown before our eyes, leaving a small porcini, boletus or boletus until tomorrow.

Butterfly, boletus and russula, under good weather conditions, can be collected every day in the same place, but mostly mushrooms grow for three to six days.

Mushrooms most often grow in the ground, without leaving the surface; when they appear on the surface of the earth, they are already almost fully formed. But they can grow for up to two more weeks, the growth of fungi slows down the infection with various larvae. About a centimeter or one and a half, the diameter of the cap arrives per day, but this depends on many factors and the breed of the mushroom itself. Mushroom growth in height ends a few days earlier than the growth of the cap in diameter, but in the first five to eight days, growth occurs fairly evenly, and a day after growth stops, the fungus begins to collapse! Intensive growth of mushrooms occurs at night, sunlight apparently does not affect the growth of mushrooms at all, but precipitation accelerates growth.

The average weight of mushrooms in the summer is the autumn harvest and on the fourth day of growth, approximately the same - goat and chanterelles - 9 gr; real breast - 79 gr; russula - 12 gr; wave - 17 gr; boletus - 45 gr; white mushroom - 160 gr; flywheel - 33 gr; boletus - 74 gr; butter dish - 35 gr;

What are the most favorable conditions for growth of various mushrooms? Many mistakenly claim that a favorable forest for mushrooms is young. The roots of young trees are not so deep in the ground and are accessible to mushrooms, but in fact everything is different and the most suitable forest is an old forest with rich litter (humus), where the mycelium develops and it has been proven in practice that there are a lot of mushrooms in old forests. more than in young people.

As a rule, the appearance of the first mushrooms occurs near large trees, where there are practically no small roots near the soil surface, and in young forests there are no mushrooms at this time. But it is possible to single out such mushrooms as mushrooms and boletus, they prefer to grow on the edges, closer to the light, and the young forest is very suitable for them.

The weather depends on the place where mushrooms grow, if it is dry and there is no precipitation, then mushrooms should be looked for in lower areas of the forest where there is moisture. And if, on the contrary, there is too much precipitation, then mushrooms grow on elevated places, as well as not a lot, not a little, mushrooms do not tolerate moisture, and mushroom pickers pay attention to this.

Page 1 of 1 1

Is it worth it to go for mushrooms in a coniferous forest, how quickly mushrooms grow, which of them can lead to poisoning? All this is of interest to novice mushroom pickers who decide to change stuffy offices and apartments for the coolness of the nearest forest. Walk with a basket, breathe fresh air and take a break from oppressive problems is not bad, but it is desirable to take at least something home. It is best to take with you a person who understands the issue and will be able to tell you where to go and what signs to navigate.

And what is a mushroom?

It is necessary to understand what is at stake. Mushrooms belong to a separate kingdom, due to the presence of a number of specific features in them. What we used to call a mushroom is actually a fruiting body that grows from fungus mycelium.

For you to understand - underground, for many meters, a branched mycelium extends, which is the underground part of the fungus. It regularly grows and "gains strength", but only in a certain period begins to bear fruit.

By the way, the process of their destruction has already begun. one day after the end of intensive growth. So it is important not to miscalculate the moment of departure into the forest.

Features of the growth and development of fungi

Most mushrooms grow in two weeks. During this short period, the fungus manages to reach standard sizes, but often growth stops already on the fifth day. Curiously, the fruiting body continues to increase in diameter even after the upward growth stops. Looking at the mushroom, you can decide that its hat grows the longest, and this is true.

Its development most actively occurs after the end of the period of growth of the stem, the diameter increases due to growth along the periphery. This is due to the fact that the leg itself is a connecting component between the cap and the bulk of the mycelium. But at the same time, the leg itself is structural component mycelium. The thinnest filaments of micelles rise above the surface, merge and form something that looks like a fruiting body.

And a week later we can see a classic mushroom, which, after a detailed examination, must be sent to the basket.

close inspection- this is a strictly necessary measure, because you can get poisoned even with edible mushrooms. Poisonous mushrooms are dangerous with toxins, but edible ones can grow near busy sections of the tracks, collecting all the elements of the periodic table. And measures to trim the fruiting body will not help, because heavy metals settle in the soil.

It is from this soil that the micelle of the mycelium receives nutrients, develops and gives rise to new fruiting bodies. So don't be lazy get some distance from any highways, on permanent trails of mushroom pickers.

Another feature of mushrooms is that they are practically not processed in our intestines, like fiber. Thanks to this, mushrooms are able to improve motility and normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

How fast do mushrooms grow in the forest?

Under natural conditions mushroom growth rate capable of reaching several centimeters per day. According to this indicator, they can be arranged in the following sequence:

1. Boletus.
2. Porcini.
3. boletus.
4. Honey agaric.
5. Chanterelle.

And if the boletus is able to grow up to twelve centimeters in five days, then the chanterelle will please the mushroom pickers, only a third of this value. Remember and about three periods of growth when the maximum number of mushrooms can be found in the forest.

1. The first one starts at end of May and lasts all of June.
2. The second one will have to wait a whole month, it pleases the mushroom pickers already from the end of July.

• Close the season with the onset of leaf fall from the trees, at this time the forest is able to give out the third and last part of the fruiting bodies.

After that, you will have to wait for a new trip, which will be only at the beginning of summer.

How fast do mushrooms grow after rain?

For the development of filaments of micelles, their fusion and intensive growth, specific conditions are necessary. The mushroom must receive a sufficient amount of moisture, the optimum temperature (10-20 degrees) is also important, with a sufficient supply of air. These amazing organisms reproduce with the help of spores, in the environment they can be measured in millions and even billions. A negligible percentage germinates - only those that fall within a narrow range of optimal values. Having received a sufficient amount of nutrients, the spore germinates in environment mycelium begins to develop.

But do not immediately wait for mushrooms, fruiting bodies will appear only after the full maturation of the mycelium itself.

It is good that this is a natural process that proceeds on its own. Just imagine, mushroom pickers sow a small forest belt with porcini mushroom spores and wait for the harvest.

A few more words about growth conditions. It's best to get out into the woods a few days after the rain. The same boletus will appear already in 10 hours, after the last drop falls to the ground. But the mushrooms that appear in the fall grow much more slowly, some will have to wait up to three days.

When can an edible mushroom be dangerous?

After the complete cessation of growth, the fungus can still "stretch" for two weeks. But the collection of such a "harvest" is fraught with consequences for the body. The processes of degeneration and decay have already started, and the quality of the fruiting body sometimes leaves much to be desired. If you can already see with the naked eye that the mushroom has begun to rot, just leave it.

Due to the decomposed fruit, the mycelium will receive enough nutrients to please you with new mushrooms next time. It will only be necessary to get ahead of your hobby colleagues.

Many people are surprised when they learn how fast mushrooms grow. Some exotic species can reach half a meter in just a few hours. In our latitudes, fortunately or unfortunately, you will not find such curiosities.

Video: what mushrooms can grow from central Russia