[06-124 ] Aluminum in urine

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Determination of aluminum concentration in urine, used to diagnose acute and chronic poisoning with this metal.

Synonyms Russian

Aluminum in a single portion of urine.

English synonyms

Aluminum (Al), Urine.

Research method

Atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS).

Units

μg/L (micrograms per liter).

What biomaterial can be used for research?

Single portion of urine .

How to properly prepare for research?

• Eliminate alcohol from your diet 24 hours before the test.
• Do not take diuretics within 48 hours before donating urine (as agreed with your doctor).

General information about the study

Aluminum is the most common metal in nature, which exhibits toxicity to nerve and bone tissue when it accumulates in the body. Normally he is not large quantities present in bone tissue, lungs, liver and brain, but its significance in human physiology has not been fully established. Aluminum intoxication can be acute or chronic. To diagnose both types of poisoning, the concentration of aluminum in the urine is determined - it is believed that it reflects the total amount in the body.

Cases of aluminum food poisoning are extremely rare. This is due to the fact that its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of an adult is only 0.1-0.3%. The exception is for patients who abuse aluminum-containing drugs (for example, antacids or buffered aspirin), the intake of aluminum can increase 1000 times. The use of antacids in a therapeutic dose over a 21-day course leads to an increase in the concentration of aluminum in the urine from 2 μg/L to 5 μg/L. Withdrawal of the drug is accompanied by a gradual decrease in aluminum levels, but this process may take about 5-10 days. Therefore, when interpreting the result of the analysis, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the medical history, including the use of medications. It should be noted that irregular or short-term use of antacids is not accompanied by any signs of intoxication. And, conversely, long-term abuse of antacids leads to the accumulation of aluminum in the body and to characteristic damage to bone tissue in the form of osteomalacia. Symptoms of osteomalacia may appear with regular use of antacids for 10-20 years.

Aluminum affects the metabolism of bone tissue: it displaces calcium from the bone and thus prevents the mineralization of osteoid. In addition, it suppresses the effect of parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts and disrupts the mechanism of bone tissue remodeling. The resulting osteomalacia most often manifests itself as pain in the bones, especially in the area lumbar region spine, increased lumbar lordosis and pathological fractures.

Workers involved in aluminum smelting, foundry, or welding are at greatest risk for inhaled aluminum poisoning. Unlike the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract does not have protective properties against this metal, and the huge surface of the alveolar epithelium ensures the maximum degree of its absorption. Therefore, when inhaled over a long period, even small amounts of aluminum powder develop characteristic symptoms defeats nervous system: peripheral neuropathy, memory and concentration disorders, sleep disorders, emotional instability and unmotivated weakness. With prolonged contact with aluminum (more than 10 years), the time of its excretion in urine is significantly reduced and can be 6 months (for comparison: the half-life of aluminum after a single exposure is about 8 hours). Determination of aluminum concentration in urine is preferable in the diagnosis of chronic aluminum poisoning.

Another clinical situation when a test for aluminum in urine is prescribed is the diagnosis of so-called metal fever. This syndrome is caused by the acute toxic effects of metal oxide fumes, including aluminum, on the upper and lower respiratory tract and is more often observed in mining workers. Symptoms of acute inhalation aluminum poisoning: fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, weakness, myalgia. When examining urine in such patients, it is sometimes possible to detect an increase in aluminum concentration. It should be noted that the signs of “metal fever” are not specific to acute aluminum poisoning and are also observed when inhaling vapors of zinc oxide, manganese, copper, iron, lead and other metals. Thus, the level of aluminum (and other metals) in the blood can be used in the diagnosis of occupational diseases.

Aluminum intoxication can also occur with long-term use of parenteral mixtures containing small amounts of aluminum bound to albumin. The injection route, as well as the respiratory route, is characterized by almost one hundred percent bioavailability of aluminum (the ability of the drug to be absorbed in a biologically effective form).

Aluminum levels increase in patients with aluminum-containing joint prostheses - concentrations above 50 mcg in a urine sample reflect wear of the prosthetic parts. In addition, aluminum levels are elevated in patients with diseases associated with impaired iron metabolism (hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis) or aluminum who use chelation therapy (eg, deferoxamine).

It should be noted that the result of the study is interpreted taking into account the concentration of aluminum in the blood and, since an excessive amount of this metal has a multifaceted toxic effect on the body, urine analysis is supplemented by a number of other laboratory and instrumental methods.

What is the research used for?

• To assess the balance of aluminum in the body of a patient taking antacids for a long time or receiving parenteral nutrition.
• For the diagnosis of acute (“metal fever”) or chronic aluminum poisoning in workers involved in the production or use of aluminum.

When is the study scheduled?

For symptoms:

• osteomalacia in a patient taking antacids for a long time (widespread bone pain, especially in the lumbar spine, increased lumbar lordosis and pathological fractures);
• chronic aluminum poisoning (peripheral neuropathy, memory and concentration disorders, sleep disturbances, emotional lability and unmotivated weakness);
• acute aluminum poisoning (cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, fever, weakness, myalgia).

What do the results mean?

Reference values: 0 - 31 µg/l.

Reasons for increased aluminum levels in urine:

• acute or chronic poisoning aluminum;
• recent use of aluminum-containing antacids (aluminum hydroxide);
• long-term abuse of antacids or buffered aspirin;
• long-term total parenteral nutrition;
• wear of parts of an aluminum-containing prosthesis.

Decreased aluminum levels in urine has no diagnostic value.

What can influence the result?

• The concentration of aluminum in urine increases:
  • after a short course of antacids (then reduced after 5-10 days);
  • when taking chelating drugs (for example, deferoxamine).
• When using iodine- or gadolinium-containing contrast agents, the study is recommended to be carried out no earlier than after 4 days.



Important Notes

Aluminum poisoning is dangerous to human health and life. Therefore, it is necessary to know what the symptoms of poisoning may be and how to remove this dangerous substance from the body.

Despite the fact that modern people have full access to information and can familiarize themselves with the safety rules for using any products and substances, poisoning is still a part of everyday life for the majority.

Someone can be poisoned by a completely familiar food product - at some point the body simply refused to digest it, while someone regularly comes into contact with hazardous substances, as a result of which he becomes seriously intoxicated.

Intoxication of any type and any degree of complexity poses a great danger to the body. At the same time, not only well-being is at risk, but also the health and normal functioning of organs, and the worst result in the absence of the necessary measures is death.

Dangerous aluminum

Aluminum poisoning develops when any of the following enters the human body. available ways an excessive amount of this substance penetrates. This metal is widely used in all areas of production and even life, so both specialists working in large enterprises and ordinary citizens living at a short distance from the industrial zone are exposed to danger.

Today, such a dangerous metal is used in the following areas of production:

1. Mechanical engineering.
2. Construction of airplanes, helicopters, sea vessels.
3. Production of tableware for daily use.
4. Medicines for treatment wide range diseases.
5. Water purification.

Any person who even briefly encounters this metal should know how to remove aluminum from the body. This is the only way you can provide first aid, save the health and even the lives of your loved ones and those around you.

Note! The obvious danger of this chemical element This is confirmed by the fact that in children's institutions it is strictly forbidden to use utensils made on the basis of aluminum.

Harm

It is worth understanding that any substance that exceeds the permissible limit in the human body can cause serious intoxication. When working with such substances, it is important to use all protective equipment and follow safety precautions, and only then will you minimize the risk of poisoning.

Aluminum in human body takes an active part in metabolism and biochemical processes. It is he who, at the slightest damage, provokes the restoration of bone tissue, activates the action of digestion and normalizes phosphorus metabolism. In moderate quantities, this substance does not cause any harm, but studies have shown that even using utensils made from this material can lead to intoxication.

Scientists have identified a carcinogenic effect from aluminum cookware - tissue cells begin to grow rapidly, their division increases several times, while such cells are not able to perform their functions. As a result of this process, the cells die, their remains are spread throughout the body, leading to serious poisoning.

Influence

Excess aluminum in the human body has a direct effect on organs and systems important for life and normal growth:

• dental condition;
• increased risk of bone damage;
• problems with normal hemoglobin formation;
• increased nervous excitability or inhibition;
• liver and kidney damage;
• memory impairment and decreased concentration;
• development of such serious illnesses, like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's;
• decreased functional abilities of the immune system.

Symptoms

In order to avoid the consequences of aluminum poisoning, you need to know what symptoms indicate that the permissible limit has been exceeded. This is the only way to start treatment in a timely manner and avoid serious consequences, damage to important organs and possible death.

Signs of aluminum toxicity include:

1. Depressed state, lack of interest in what is happening.
2. Memory loss, first for a short period, and then for a long period.
3. Dementia, subsequently leading to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
4. Disorders associated with changes in hemoglobin levels.
5. Dystrophy that cannot be treated with vitamin D and its substitutes.
6. Lung diseases that cause shrinkage and inability of the organ to function properly.

Methods of poisoning

No intoxication will begin without serious reasons, so it is important to protect yourself in advance from the influence of harmful metals. When working with aluminum, use protective equipment and go outside regularly. Fresh air and get examined by a specialist.

People most often get aluminum poisoning in one of the following ways:

• Using kitchenware made from aluminum. In this case, it is enough to slightly damage the metal, and toxic substances will enter the body regularly.
• Long-term dialysis process for kidney diseases.
• Work at enterprises that use this material in their activities. In this case, the metal enters the body both through the skin and through the air.
• The use of food preservatives in food also puts all categories of citizens at risk.
• Aluminum is found in everyday products, including deodorants. Aluminum enters the skin and is quickly absorbed into it, dispersing throughout the body through the blood at an astonishing rate.
• This metal is also found in many medications, so it is important to observe the dosage and compatibility of medications.
• Drinking water contains metal because it is used to purify it, so it is recommended to use an additional filter.

Note! People working in hazardous enterprises are primarily at risk of infection. Aluminum is absorbed through the walls of the stomach and, with the help of the blood, is carried throughout the body, affecting organs.

Diagnostics

First principle proper treatment disease is its accurate diagnosis. Today, qualified specialists can detect an increased dose of aluminum in the body. It is important to remember that you should consult a doctor at the slightest symptoms of illness, especially for people who regularly come into contact with metal.

Diagnosis of the disease involves the use of one of the following methods or several at once:

1. Specific diagnostics.
2. Examination of bone tissue using x-rays.
3. General blood analysis.
4. Bone biopsy to detect metal content and establish its level.

First aid

A victim who has come into direct contact with a large amount of a harmful substance must be provided with independent assistance as soon as possible, and then hospitalized in a hospital for further examination and qualified treatment. The actions that must be taken to save the health and life of the victim are as follows:

• Immediately eliminate any contact with a toxic substance - remove aluminum utensils, medications and food additives.
• Take the victim to fresh air if he is conscious.
• If the substance enters the body through food or medication, immediately rinse the stomach with an excretory mixture of potassium permanganate and warm water, induce vomiting, and then give it to the patient Activated carbon.
• Even if the victim feels noticeably better, under no circumstances refuse medical care– perhaps the substance has accumulated in large quantities and the patient requires urgent rehabilitation.

Timely measures taken to get rid of the source of infection and remove most of the substance from the body will help alleviate the symptoms as much as possible and save the victim from unpleasant consequences.

Note! Employees of enterprises must undergo regular medical examinations in order to avoid exceeding the permissible dose of aluminum in the body.

Video: about the dangers of aluminum and fluorine.

Prevention

It is completely impossible to eliminate aluminum from your life, especially if your field of activity relates to working with metals. Therefore, try to take all precautions:

1. Do not take medications containing a large dose of aluminum unless strictly indicated.
2. Do not eat foods that contain harmful food additives.
3. Get rid of cookware made from aluminum.
4. When working with metal in an enterprise, use protective equipment and regularly go out into fresh air.

Safety measures, compliance with all rules for working with metal and the complete elimination of risk factors from life reduce the possibility of aluminum poisoning to a minimum. It is much easier to take care of your safety in advance than to undergo lengthy and expensive treatment in the future.

See a doctor in a timely manner, take care of your health and try to avoid contact with harmful substances, and then your life will be filled only with bright, positive events, and nothing will interfere with leading a normal lifestyle.

Aluminum ranks third in terms of content in the earth's crust, where the concentration of this metal exceeds 8.5%. In nature, it is more often found in compounds with oxygen, silicon and fluorine. Aluminum salts were used in industry even before it began to be extracted electrochemically from bauxite.

In the human body, this trace element, in combination with proteins and phosphates, is involved in the formation and regeneration of bone, epithelial and connective tissues (including the skin). The metal is part of gastric enzymes, therefore it has a positive effect on the digestion process, but interferes with the absorption of vitamins, amino acids and many microelements.

The biological significance of aluminum has not yet been fully studied, but it is known that it tends to accumulate in the body and affect it negative impact. Excessive content of this element can cause aluminum poisoning and pose a threat to human health and life.

Natural sources of aluminum

Cases of aluminum deficiency in the human body are practically not observed, since it is normally found in food and tap water. There is no unanimous opinion regarding the daily dose of the element per person; in different sources you can find figures from 2 to 50 mg.

Food products with high aluminum content:

• Tap and drinking water taken from open water bodies. Such water is purified using filters containing aluminum sulfate salts, which are not destroyed by boiling. In especially large quantities they enter the water in the event of a technical malfunction of the filter or its expiration date.
• Products with dyes and others food additives(labeled as E520, E521, E522 and E523). Aluminum sulfates are quickly absorbed by the walls of the gastrointestinal tract; they are used in the preservation and production of sausages and confectionery products.
• Food prepared using aluminum cookware or foil. In these cases, there is a small chance of aluminum shavings getting into your food. This category also includes drinks in cans made from an alloy containing this metal.
• It is found as a trace element in cereals (wheat, rice, oats) and root vegetables (potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke). Avocados, eggplants, artichokes, apples, kiwis and strawberries are also leaders.

Studies have shown that about 100 mg of aluminum enters the human body per day, of which no more than 4% is absorbed. An excess of this metal is impossible, even if you consume foods with a high content of it in large quantities. However, in other cases, aluminum accumulates in the body and signs of poisoning may appear.

How does aluminum enter the human body?

Aluminum is actively used in many industries and medicine, so there are many specific ways for large doses of aluminum to enter the body. The following factors can cause intoxication due to an excess of this metal:

• Work in the mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and aviation industries. Employees of such enterprises inhale aluminum dust, which enters the bloodstream through the lungs.
• Chronic renal failure and repeated cleansing through the dialysis procedure.
• Self-medication with the help of medications in which the element acts as a stabilizer or absorbent. Violation of the attending physician's instructions and the recommended dosage can also lead to aluminum poisoning.
• Vaccination with a drug containing aluminum hydroxide.
• Use of antiperspirants, skin care products and decorative cosmetics containing aluminum.
• Living in an area with a high concentration of metal or near enterprises for its extraction, processing and disposal.

What is dangerous about excess aluminum in the body?

Aluminum hits everything internal organs, reaching them along with the blood, which affects all systems of the body.

In excess, this element has a carcinogenic effect on cells, disrupting their ability to divide normally. As a result of their chaotic reproduction and death, there is a risk of poisoning by decomposition products, the development of cachexia and the formation of malignant tumors.

1. From the musculoskeletal system, pathologies such as osteochondrosis, rickets, softening of bone tissue, and the occurrence of spontaneous fractures are observed.
2. In old age, aluminum poisoning has a negative impact on immune system, as a result of which various autoimmune diseases worsen, and senile immunodeficiency develops.
3. At high risk are children in whom intoxication provokes anemia and disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system (speech, motor skills, memory, attention), frequent headaches and nervous agitation.
4. Aluminum affects the process of hematopoiesis, lowers hemoglobin levels and causes the development of iron deficiency anemia.
5. It disrupts DNA structure and promotes the development of neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases).

Workers who come into direct contact with aluminum experience damage to the mucous membranes, gums, teeth, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumosclerosis, fibrosis and other irreversible changes. Patients are admitted with complaints of shortness of breath, cough, wheezing and increased fatigue. Direct contact with the skin provokes inflammation of the skin, the formation of ulcers, dermatitis, and eczema.

Symptoms of aluminum toxicosis

Aluminum poisoning develops gradually as it accumulates in the body, so its symptoms can easily be confused with those of other diseases.

• Central nervous system: apathy, depression, impaired concentration, speech, memory, dementia, encephalopathy, sudden changes moods.
• Other neurological manifestations include muscle twitching, epilepsy, motor impairment and loss of skills.
• Musculoskeletal system: weakness, dystrophy, destruction of bone tissue, fractures, pain in muscles and bones, osteoporosis, scoliosis, kyphosis.
• The immune system: Iron-deficiency anemia, weakened immunity.
• In workers: pulmonary aluminosis, damage to the skin and mucous membranes.
• In children: slow mental and physical development, kidney and liver diseases.

Aluminum poisoning is difficult to recognize at home. It is necessary to keep in mind that acute poisoning can result in death, and seek professional medical help.

Diagnosis of aluminum intoxication and its prevention

Aluminum toxicosis can only be determined after a physical examination by a specialist and laboratory research. The concentration of the substance is determined after analyzing the composition of blood, urine, hair, X-ray studies and biopsy. In some cases, deferoxamine is administered for diagnostic purposes.

The pathologies caused by aluminum poisoning are practically untreatable. For preventive and restorative purposes, drugs and dietary supplements containing antagonist metals and symptomatic therapy can be prescribed to remove excess aluminum from the body.

To avoid toxicosis, you should be extremely careful when using medications containing aluminum, aluminum household appliances, cosmetics and hygiene products. Enterprises must follow safety precautions.

The average person consumes three to ten milligrams of aluminum per day.

ALUMINUM POISONING (ALUMINUM PNEUMOCONIOSIS)

• While aluminum is not a heavy metal, it can be toxic. Because aluminum permeates the air, water and soil, small amounts are present in our food supply.
  Since aluminum is excreted from the body through the kidneys, toxic amounts can cause serious damage to kidney function. Working in an environment containing aluminum for a long time can lead to dizziness and impair coordination and energy in the body.
• In addition to the aforementioned aluminum products, it is also often used in processing foods (brines and seasonings), deodorants, beer (especially canned), white flour, table salt, tobacco products, hard cheeses and canned foods.
• Those who enjoy eating at fast food establishments (such as McDonald's) should be aware that processed cheese has a high aluminum content. Among food products, the cheeseburger is probably the most saturated with aluminum. This mineral is added to the cheese used to make hamburgers to give the consumer the feeling that the food is melting in the mouth.

Must be applied Biologically active additives(Bad)

Name Bad	Directions for use	Mechanism of action
	Important
or	1 sachet per 1.5 liters of water per day between meals; 2 tablets in the evening before bed, gradually increasing to 4	The components of dietary supplements bind to aluminum and remove it from the body.
		Protects lung tissue cells. Stimulates the production of surfactant.
	1-2 capsules 2 times a day	Selenoproteins remove toxins and are key factors in protecting cell membranes.
	1 tablet 2 times a day	Relieves irritation. Facilitates breathing by promoting the expansion of the bronchi.
	Healthy
	1 tablet 2 times a day	Helps detoxification high levels residual nitrogen that accumulates during liver failure.
	1 tablet 3 times a day with meals	Acts as a detoxifier. Helps neutralize blood poisons.
	1 capsule 3 times a day at the end of meals	Has a balanced mineral composition. Acts as an adsorbent.
	3 capsules 2 times a day for 30-60 minutes. before meals	The combination of Silymarin and Echinacea preserves blood serum enzymes that suffer from severe intoxication.
	1 tablet 2-3 times a day with meals	Stabilizes vitamin and mineral imbalances in conditions of toxic poisoning.
	1-2 capsules per day with meals	B vitamins, especially B6, help remove metals from the intestinal tract.

When writing the page, materials from S. N. Borisenko’s book “Treatment and Prevention Programs” were used.

Heavy metals enter the human body in various ways: with water, food, taking certain medications, and using cosmetic products (see). The most common metal is aluminum. This metal is also found in household items: cutlery and dishes. An excess of aluminum in the human body causes poisoning, which can lead to serious health consequences and even death. How to remove aluminum from the human body?

Metal is considered not so harmless. Aluminum can accumulate in the bones, heart and brain, causing a number of various diseases, including those that are deadly to humans (see).

Where is metal used?

Aluminum was first widely used towards the end XIX century and to this day it is used in the following industries:

1. Production of cars, ships, aircraft. The most common cases of heavy metal poisoning are among workers at enterprises producing such vehicles. Workers inhale aluminum dust, which then settles on the lungs.
2. In the production of tableware (cutlery, household utensils). If the rules for using household items are not followed, for example, if cutlery is not properly cleaned, aluminum shavings may get into gastrointestinal tract along with the food a person eats.
3. In medicine for the manufacture of drugs and vaccines. Uncontrolled use of drugs containing metal, as well as dosage violations medicine may result in aluminum poisoning.
4. In the cosmetics industry (creams, deodorants, etc.). Excessive use of body care products sometimes causes heavy metal toxicity.
5. To purify water from various impurities. Aluminum is included in filters for purifying water from rivers and reservoirs. Large amounts of metal can enter the human body from drinking such water, especially if the cleaning filter is faulty or has expired (see).
6. In the food industry, aluminum is contained in preservatives and dyes, which are used in the manufacture and preservation of confectionery and meat products (E520, 521, 522, 523).

Excessive aluminum content in the human body leads to exhaustion, as well as to the development of cancerous tumors.

Learn about acute and chronic: symptoms, first aid, treatment.

How it happens: symptoms, complications, treatment.

Increased aluminum content

The human body needs aluminum to participate in the metabolic process, biochemical reactions, and to restore damaged bone tissue. In addition, the metal is able to activate digestive enzymes and participate in phosphorus metabolism. If this substance is present in excess quantities, a person may experience the following disorders:

• the body’s circulatory system suffers: due to an excess of metal, the level of hemoglobin in the blood drops significantly, and iron deficiency anemia develops;
• disorders of the musculoskeletal system occur: due to softening of bone tissue, the risk of bone fractures increases, osteochondrosis is often observed;
• aluminum negatively affects the structure of DNA, for this reason Alzheimer's disease, encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, and sclerosis may occur;
• metal poisoning has a very negative impact on the health of older people; various autoimmune diseases may worsen in them;
• People who, due to their professional activities, are forced to work with aluminum often experience pneumonia, bronchitis, and inflammation of the teeth and gums. With constant contact of the skin with heavy metal, ulcers, eczema, and dermatitis can form.

Attention! Very dangerous condition aluminum intoxication in young children is considered. First of all, the substance has a negative effect on the central nervous system, causing inattention in the child, impaired speech, and memory. Anemia often appears.

Symptoms of metal intoxication

Poisoning with the substance does not develop immediately; only as aluminum accumulates, the patient may notice symptoms such as:

1. The body's immune system begins to cope with its task poorly, which is why the person constantly gets sick.
2. Apathy towards everything appears, depressive states, speech and memory may be impaired.
3. They are observed in the muscles, sometimes the patient experiences epileptic attacks.
4. Since aluminum intoxication causes bone tissue to soften, a person often faces the problem of bone fractures. Observed in muscles severe pain, scoliosis develops on the side of the spine.
5. Children experience developmental delay, liver and kidney diseases.
6. In workers at aluminum processing enterprises, poisoning is accompanied by aluminosis of the lungs, damage to the mucous membranes and skin.

The symptoms of aluminum poisoning are in many ways similar to the signs of various diseases, so only a doctor can diagnose metal intoxication. Please note that acute aluminum poisoning can lead to death.

How to remove metal from the body

You can cleanse the body of heavy metal yourself, unless the intoxication is acute. Otherwise, urgent assistance from medical personnel will be required. To remove aluminum from the human body, you need to eat as much pectin-containing foods as possible (fruits and berries, vegetables). The best vegetables for cleansing the body are boiled potatoes, beets, radishes, pumpkin and carrots. From fruits it is better to choose apples, pears, grapes, citrus fruits. Berries: raspberries, viburnum, cranberries, blackberries.

Herbal teas are good at cleansing organs and tissues of excess substances. You should brew rose hips, chamomile, sea buckthorn, and calendula. Rice water also helps remove heavy metals. A tablespoon of cereal must be soaked cold water overnight, and in the morning boil without salt and eat.

In case of poisoning with a substance, it is necessary to take sorbents, such as activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polysorb, Smecta. It is important to drink as much fluid as possible, it is advisable to drink clean water without gas, berry fruit drinks and compotes.

In case of acute aluminum poisoning, the victim should be taken to a medical facility, where he will receive an infusion of Deferoxamine.

Prevention of poisoning

Following simple rules will help you avoid heavy metal poisoning:

1. Accept medical supplies containing aluminum, you need to be very careful. You should not prescribe medications yourself. During treatment, you must adhere to a strict dosage of the drug.
2. Do not get carried away with using deodorants and cosmetics containing the substance.
3. When working with aluminum, safety rules must be followed.
4. When using utensils containing metal, you must also follow safety rules. Cleaning cutlery and kitchen utensils should be done carefully, ensuring that aluminum shavings do not get into the food.