Psychological adaptation to a new job. Adaptation in the workplace: types, methods, periods

For many, the first days, weeks at a new job are the most stressful. New team, different requirements, different business relationships, tons of unknown information. At the same time, you need to try not to make stupid mistakes and show your best side. It is advisable to prepare for such a brainstorming session in advance. Therefore, we will consider the concept of "adaptation in the workplace" from several angles.

What is adaptation

Adaptation to a new workplace is the period of familiarization of an employee with a hitherto unknown activity, organization, team, regulation of his behavior according to unusual requirements.

According to statistics, the majority of newly hired employees leave their place of work at this particular time. Reasons: the complexity of the adaptation process, the discrepancy between the real situation and their expectations.

For a new employee onboarding to be successful and painless, it must be a two-way process. The personnel department, management, colleagues should in every possible way contribute to the “infusion” of a newcomer into their organization, team. Depending on the support, assistance provided, adaptation at the workplace can proceed in various ways:

Preservation of individualism - new employee does not deny the main values of the company, but ignores the secondary ones (for example, corporate traditions, holidays), tries to keep a little apart.
Mimicry - the employee, on the contrary, supports secondary values, and denies the main ones, hiding this from the team. Such newcomers often leave their new job.
Denial - the employee does not hide his dislike for the existing routines in the company. He will call them the reason for his early dismissal.
Conformity - the employee sincerely accepts new rules, values, duties, safely becomes a "cog in the system".

Stages of adaptation

Let's figure out what stages of adaptation at a new workplace an employee goes through:

external reorientation. On it, it is difficult for a person to accept new values and routines, he painfully perceives what he is not used to, with which he does not agree. However, it seeks to hide these negative emotions.
Gradual mutual recognition of the employee by the team and vice versa.
Perception of team values without incorporating them into your value system.
Gradual acceptance of new rights and obligations, corporate culture, as well as the restructuring of one's personality and behavior under new conditions.
Harmonious fusion of the individual with the team.

Failure at any of these stages often becomes a reason for dismissal of one's own free will.

Parts of adaptation

Adaptation in the workplace is divided into two parts: primary and secondary. The first is the appearance of a new employee in the team. Her goals:

prompt infusion of a newcomer into work;
redistribution of work responsibilities;
full replacement of the departed employee;
socialization in the team;
professional orientation.

Secondary adaptation at the workplace overtakes the employee during promotion, retraining, transfer to another department, workshop, etc. The goals of this period:

stabilization of the collective climate;
achieving full compliance with the requirements for a new position;
adaptation to the new status;
changing their role in the team.

Techniques of an adaptable person

Speaking about the ways of adaptation in the workplace, one cannot fail to mention the unconscious tricks that psychologists reveal in a person who gets used to a new team:

"Meet by clothes." The first thing a beginner pays attention to is the appearance, clothing, and behavior of future colleagues. Such a superficial assessment at the initial stage helps to build an idea of the personality and business qualities of each member of the new team.
Stratification. The new employee divides colleagues into mini-groups: careerists, assistants, informal leaders, eccentrics, comedians, first ladies, outcasts, etc. He begins to evaluate their well-being, ability to behave in a team, build relationships with superiors, the degree of disposition towards himself . Based on this, the new member begins to build appropriate communication with each.
Group identification. At this stage, the employee chooses for himself one of the strategies determined by him and begins to build his behavior according to his status. Belonging to a certain group creates a sense of security, a person begins to gradually feel at home in a new team.
Intergroup discrimination. The employee exalts "his" group over others, treats others condescendingly, always finds the pluses of his choice.

Types of adaptation in the workplace

The entire adaptation process is divided into four groups:

psychophysiological;
professional (acquaintance with the profession);
socio-psychological (acquaintance with the team);
organizational (familiarization with the company itself).

A more detailed breakdown of them:

Organizational adaptation. Successful activity in a new workplace is possible only when a person thoroughly knows everything about his company: history, tasks, goals, development prospects, its achievements and unpleasant moments in history. It is important to have an idea about its structure, managers, answers to vital questions: "Where is the personnel department, canteen, service parking?", "Where can I get a tabulagram?", "Who should I contact with questions about work?" etc. The duty of the employer is to convey to the newcomer all this information in a concise and structured form, and the latter to try to "digest" it in a short time.
Socio-psychological adaptation of personnel in the workplace. Close acquaintance with the team, the norms of corporate culture, the establishment of interpersonal and business communication, infusion into informal groups. The newcomer not only gets acquainted with the new norms of behavior, he must already begin to follow them, while the team is wary of him, evaluates him, forms an opinion. Therefore, for most, this adaptation is the most difficult.
Professional adaptation in the workplace. Filling gaps in knowledge, retraining, familiarization with new standards of work, its specifics. To facilitate this type of addiction, many organizations practice rotations, mentoring, briefings, and a "student" period.
Psychophysical adaptation of employees in the workplace. This is a restructuring of your body, habits for a new mode of work and rest - a shift work schedule, business trips, irregular working hours, a "home office". This also includes adapting to a new workplace, rest and hygiene rooms, and an unusual route to work.

The duration of the adaptation period

The adaptation period at the workplace does not have any clearly defined boundaries: someone manages to harmoniously integrate into the team in a couple of weeks, someone needs a few months or even a couple of years. In this case, three months are considered the optimal period - the duration of the probationary period.

The following employee characteristics indicate the end of the adaptation period:

copes with all the work tasks assigned to him, including non-standard ones;
is responsible for his actions;
knows the structure of the company well, orients itself in the environment of managers and colleagues, is in a non-conflict relationship with them;
successfully mastered the types of equipment, equipment, computer programs, etc. necessary for work;
knows the system of punishments and rewards of the company;
observes the norms of corporate culture;
is part of one of the informal groups of the collective.

Job introduction

As already mentioned, the adaptation of an employee to a new workplace is a two-way process. In a successful and developing company, a newcomer will not be satisfied with a "course of a young fighter", but will do everything possible for his smooth and painless entry into the team, getting used to the workplace. Usually, an induction program is drawn up for this. It varies depending on the following conditions:

features of the work of a beginner;
its status and level of responsibility;
the team where he gets;
personal characteristics of the future employee, identified at the interview.

The following persons participate in the program:

immediate supervisors;
colleagues who can become direct mentors;
employees from other departments with whom the newcomer's activities will be closely related;
personnel department.

The program includes three major phases.

Before the worker arrives

In order for the adaptation to the new workplace to be quick and successful, before the first working day:

The relevance of the job description is checked.
An unofficial "patron" of the newcomer is appointed.
His workplace is being prepared.
The future team is notified of the addition to the composition.
All necessary information files, passes, administrative documents are formed.
A call is made to a future employee - to find out about his readiness to go to work.

First work day

During this period, the program invites the team to do the following:

Discuss with the newcomer his job responsibilities.
To acquaint him in detail with the internal labor schedule.
Tell about corporate traditions, rules, private moments.
Familiarize yourself with the structure of the organization.
Conduct the necessary briefings: safety, first aid, fire safety, etc.
Provide a list of all possible communications, contacts that he may need.
Presentation of dress code rules.
Acquaintance of a beginner with immediate supervisors, colleagues.
Tour of the place of work: show canteens, latrines, rest areas, etc.

The rest of the adaptation period

At this time, procedures such as:

Familiarization with reporting rules.
Demonstration of requirements for labor, its results.
Acquaintance with the administrative and economic system of the organization.
Development of an individual system for retraining a new employee.
Acquaintance with the specifics of his work, the nuances that he needs to know.

Methods for Successful Adaptation

In order to accelerate the adaptation in the workplace of a beginner, many corporations use the following methods:

Informal accompaniment - assigning a mentor, a "patron" to a new employee.
Holding events - in honor of the arrival of a new employee, a corporate party is organized, where in a relaxed atmosphere he is introduced to the norms, rules, etiquette in the organization.
Corporate PR - under development universal reference containing answers to all newbie questions.
Team training - the event is held if the employee fails to join the team. It expresses the views of both sides, claims; trying to establish a dialogue.
Briefing - the employee gets acquainted with the new requirements under the strict guidance of colleagues who answer all his questions.
Personal account, personal mail - letters-instructions come to these addresses for a beginner, helping him to gradually understand the environment.

Facilitating adaptation

Many successful corporations today pay great attention to the adaptation of a new employee in their team. This happens for a number of reasons:

the shorter the adaptation period, the greater the return on the employee's work;
negative feedback from former employees who left due to a number of difficulties during the adaptation period is a serious blow to the company's image;
mentoring helps boost the creativity of long-term employees;
when an employee is fired and a replacement is sought, the company will again spend funds on recruitment and training;
a detailed and effective adaptation program is a plus in the fight against competitors;
the friendly attitude of the new team is one of the main reasons for revealing the potential of a newcomer.

Adaptation to a new workplace is the most difficult and important in labor activity. At this stage, it is important for an employee to quickly and successfully get used to an unfamiliar team, in a new workplace, and the company should do everything to promote this, and not hinder it.

Hello dear blog readers! Each of us at least once in his life faced with such a process as adaptation to a new workplace. This is just a colossal stress for the body, because an increased level of anxiety is not very good for health. The adaptation itself takes about two weeks, but sometimes lasts longer. It depends on your internal resources and ability to adapt to new conditions.

Your future depends on these first weeks, how you managed to show your competence to the management, what kind of relationships began to form with colleagues and whether you were able to take and feel your place, where you are comfortable and calm. Therefore, today I will share recommendations on how to successfully go through this difficult, but necessary process.

Periods

The period of acute adaptation (It lasts about a month, sometimes it drags on up to 2). Usually at this time there is a comparison with the previous place of work, depending on the perception of the new one. If there is too much anxiety and worries, then there is a high probability of feelings and thoughts that he made a mistake, which used to be easier, perhaps worse, but at least everything was familiar and understandable. Or vice versa, excessive charm, when it seems that you have found the place of your dreams and now it will be different and beautiful. It ends the moment you start noticing reality. Not everything is so one-sided, or bad, or good, when you feel that you are already confident and the assigned tasks are successful. There is practically no anxiety, the working day becomes predictable, and among colleagues there are those who are really glad to see you and with whom relationships have begun to form.
Second period starts from the second month and up to about 5-6 months. The probationary period has passed, the requirements may become higher, and the person has relaxed a little, because he coped with the most difficult for himself, familiarized himself with the tasks, and joined the company. But in fact, the formal stage has been passed, and now the authorities can allow, with a greater load, to begin to criticize the work done. Because of this, irritation and anger, disappointment and resentment accumulate. This is such a moment of crisis, and it depends on the internal resources of a person, whether he will hold out or quit, unable to cope with stress and difficulties.
Anchoring starts after six months. The main problems are behind, the person has found his place among colleagues, has become well acquainted with internal traditions and foundations and successfully fulfills his duties.

Kinds

Professional . It consists in mastering and learning the specifics of the work. Depends on the field of activity, for example, a briefing is carried out, or a senior employee is assigned, who brings up to date and transfers the necessary knowledge, from whom the manner of communication and behavior of customers should be adopted. Sometimes a rotation is arranged, that is, a newcomer works a little bit in each industry of the company, then he studies the activities of the enterprise better and is aware of the nuances.
Psychophysiological . This is the adaptation of a new employee to new working conditions for him. That is, he equips his place, laying out the necessary papers and his things as he likes, or as required by the regulations.
Social , or socio-psychological. Sometimes the most difficult of all types. Namely, because it means the establishment of collegiate and professional relations. It can be delayed in time, due to various circumstances, for example, personal characteristics, internal resources of a newcomer, or the specifics of the most established team. There is such a thing as "mobbing", that is, "hazing", only in the labor market. Persecution or unfair treatment of the team in relation to one employee.

Causes of mobbing

When a lot of tension accumulates in the team itself, but there is no way out for this tension for a long period, then it may well “shoot” at a new person who is not so familiar, and while he is more like an object, because relations have not been formed.
The bosses do not know how to manage people, set goals, strategies and prioritize, therefore, they can affect the microclimate among employees.
Incorrectly established channel of communication between management and subordinates, in this case, the possession of any information causes the illusion of power in one of the colleagues, which he will manipulate.
When a company is in crisis, sometimes bullying is artificially arranged so that at the end of the probationary period you want to quit yourself, having worked pretty hard for the allotted time, giving all your best. Or say that you are not selected because you did not cope, but this is the case when there will be too many unjustified claims from the management against you.

You can read more about mobbing.

Give yourself the opportunity to pour in gradually, you have come to a new place, and even if you are well versed in the specifics of the work, you need to carefully look at the environment in which you find yourself.

And this means that initially you need to recognize the fact that at first you will be anxious, and possibly uncomfortable. And that's okay.

Do not rush yourself and do not set super-tasks. Study your job responsibilities, otherwise, as old-timers, colleagues will be able to shift tasks to you that you are not required to perform.

Considering that there will be a very large amount of information on the first working day, get a diary in which you will write out not only moments related to your duties, but also names, surnames, positions, telephone numbers, office locations, and so on.
Ask questions without fear of looking stupid, the more you understand about the internal routine, the faster you will fall within. It is better to clarify once again than to make mistakes and try to correct them.
Smile, goodwill will win you over, because not only do you look closely at the employees, it is also important for them to understand what kind of person came to them.
In dealing with others, it is important to learn to balance between openness and caution. That is, do not tell initially, in order to make friends sooner, about something personal that can later “play” against you. But do not close completely, otherwise it will alert and set you against yourself. Especially you should not speak negatively about the previous place of work and gossip. Ethics, when you are not familiar, know how to listen and adhere to the principle of confidentiality, gives you a better chance to win over colleagues and directly superiors.
Find out about existing traditions, perhaps some will be very useful to you. For example, in some companies it is accepted that the newcomer brings treats and sets the table. This helps to get to know each other and get closer in a more or less informal setting. It is only important to take into account established traditions and rules, and not introduce your own in the early days, otherwise the effect will be the opposite.
It is important to stand up for your boundaries, gently but confidently, especially when they try to take advantage of you at the initial stage. That is, to take on work that you should not do. Sometimes psychological defense works, a person really wants to please and is afraid that in case of refusal he will be rejected, or he tries to “curry favor” in order to be appreciated and noticed. But this is a trap that a person arranges for himself, because in the future it will be more and more difficult to say: “no”.
Be patient, if initially something did not go as planned and wanted, over time everything will get better and fall into place, the main thing is not to give up. There is little static in life, everything can be changed, the main thing is to be aware of your shortcomings and correct them. Regarding the working nuances, it is better if the authorities learn about your mistakes from you, and not from someone from the team.
Be prepared for gender nuances. That is, people of the same sex are usually perceived as a competitor. Do not be afraid of this or avoid competing. This means that you have been evaluated as equal to yourself, or even better in some way, should not be taken as hostility. Unfortunately, sometimes, especially in the women's team, you will have to withstand hidden aggression, that is, not directed directly, but with the help of gossip, dirty tricks, or give advice that is harmful. If a woman enters a male team, she is accepted easily, but not perceived as an equal and a professional. Therefore, you have to sweat to earn recognition. A man in a woman, on the contrary, is immediately recognized, but then they can bother with excessive attention, coquetry and flirting.
Take a closer look and choose an employee who you think is the best, and strive to reach the same level, learn from him, this will motivate you for personal and professional growth.

How to relieve stress

Ways to relieve excess tension are mainly related to visualization techniques. How this is done, you can study in my article. In order to facilitate the process of mastering a new place, imagine, best of all, before going to bed and on the eve of the working day, that you are in your office. Just try to imagine it in the smallest detail, down to where the pen lies. Imagine that you have taken up duties and you are doing great.
This exercise helps to relieve unnecessary anxiety, so as not to just worry, it is better to direct this energy in a pleasant direction so that adaptation is easier.
If among the employees there is a person who is already very unpleasant to you, or maybe even a boss to whom you have no right to express your opinion, and it is harmful to accumulate anger in yourself, the Transformation method will come to the rescue. How does it usually happen when something causes strong negative feelings in us? That's right, we are trying to switch and forget about the unpleasant situation. But as luck would have it, it doesn’t work out, our psyche is thus protected. You should do the opposite. On the way home, or wherever it suits you, imagine yourself in the place of this scoundrel. Reproduce his gait, manner of speaking, gestures, and so on. Play with this image. This exercise is very resourceful, because, in addition to the fact that aggression is legalized, tension passes, and sometimes insight occurs, being in the place of the offender, we can understand what exactly he wanted to say and why he did it.

Conclusion

That's all, dear readers! Finally, I want to recommend reading my article "" , and then, relying on internal resources and knowledge, you will easily go through the adaptation period and all its types.

If this article was useful to you, you can add it to your social networks. networks, the buttons are at the bottom. It will be useful for you, and I am pleased.

Thank you and see you soon on the blog pages.

When an employer hires a new employee, they are both filled with hope. The employee hopes that he will like it in a new place, and the employer expects immediately one hundred percent productivity of the employee's work. But before the work gets better, both the employee and the employer, and the workforce will have to go through a not always simple stage called “adaptation of a new employee”.

Significance of the adaptation period

Adaptation of a new employee- this is a type of socio-psychological adaptation, representing the process of active entry of a newcomer into a position through interaction with a new working environment.

The success of adaptation in a new place - a responsibility not only the employee himself, but also his new management. No matter how responsible, sociable, stress-resistant, courageous and experienced the employee is, he finds himself in a new environment for himself, and therefore in stressful situation, in a situation of need to adapt, adapt, change.

A competent and wise employer makes sure that the adaptation of new employees takes place organized He doesn't let her take her course.

Companies that do not care about helping a newcomer to get used to the team, get used to a new workplace, understand their duties and responsibilities, feel comfortable, doom themselves to a constant staff turnover.

A new employee is in the adaptation period decides for himself, he will work in this organization further or not. According to statistics 90% people who quit their jobs before having worked there even for a year, made the decision to leave already in the first days-weeks, and the rest of the time they just endured and waited for the right moment or the “last drop”!

If an employee does not like his new position, he has two options: quit or endure. People, not being able to leave their unloved work or simply out of fear of doing so, endure unbearable conditions for them for years! And the organization suffers losses.

There are many reasons why a new team member may leave work soon after employment, but unsuccessful adaptation or not at all maladaptation in the workplace is one of the leading causes!

Employer Mistakes

A common recruiting mistake is looking for a "ready-made" ideal candidate. But the ideal employee can only be “grown” in your organization. When a new employee comes to work, he is more or less suitable for the position, he cannot immediately be a perfect fit! To become an ideal employee, he needs to get comfortable, integrate into the organization and work in it for some time.

In addition, the candidate for the position is a living person, he personality and cannot consist of merit alone. Treating a person as a machine or a robot that should neither get sick, nor have a personal life, nor argue or complain is a big mistake.

Often employers put themselves higher workers and applicants, raise the requirements for the latter to the skies, while forgetting to also meet the high requirements.

For example, an unsuccessful self-important entrepreneur “weeds out” candidates for a position who can become excellent employees only because they have no work experience or hires them, but disrespectful completely without worrying about their psychological comfort . At the same time, such an employer does not understand that his organization is not the one in which experienced specialists would go to work and that existing candidates should be valued.

Non-assignment of a probationary period - also a common mistake employers make . A trial period is necessary to understand whether the candidate is suitable for the position and whether he likes it. This is the time when not only the new employee is trying to please the management, but the management should also try to please the newcomer.

Successful onboarding of new employees is defined as important goal employers who understand that a hardworking, motivated, working as management expects from him, an employee is an employee who helped adapt and taught work exactly as it is required to work in his position.

Stages of adaptation of a new employee

From the success of the adaptation of employees depends the efficiency of the company. An employee who has been helped by the team and management to successfully adapt to a new place will certainly respond with gratitude and high labor productivity.

On average, the adaptation of a new employee lasts six months and is divided into stages:

the history of the formation and development of the company,
goals and direction of the company,
internal rules and regulations,
general requirements for personnel,
personnel performance evaluation system,
wage system, etc.
- Introductory conversation with company employees. The team in which the new employee will work is informed of his arrival in order to create a favorable atmosphere, a positive attitude towards the newcomer and reduce the stress caused by the need to accept him into an established team.
- Interview with immediate supervisor. During this conversation, the new employee will learn from his immediate supervisor the labor goals and objectives, the area of responsibility, functional responsibilities and other specific components of their work.
- Company Tour. The new employee is guided throughout the organization, remembering the location of various departments and such important areas as the dining room, toilets, and so on. At the same stage, the employee should see his workplace.
- Getting to know the team. The employee introduces himself to the team in which he will directly work, and to all the staff of the company.
- Preparation of documents and familiarization with the documentation. At this stage, an employment contract is drawn up between the employee and the employer and all other documents necessary for employment. For familiarization, the employee is provided with a provision on the internal labor schedule, job description and other important company documentation.

The final, successful completion of the adaptation period is evidenced by the feeling confidence and comfort new employee in the workplace.

Employee adapts successfully when he changes his behavior and compares it with the requirements of the company, when these requirements and his personal goals become compatible.

So, adaptation of a new employee- the process is mutual: the employee must want and try to work, and the organization must help him in this in every possible way (train and support).

If an employee who was suitable for a position quit of his own free will before the end of the probationary period, it means that the management made mistakes or paid insufficient attention to adaptation.

A person can adapt to any conditions, even very difficult and psychologically difficult ones. But will he do this when he does not find support, understanding, respect from the management and the team, but at the same time he understands that there is an opportunity to find another job? Hardly.

If you want to study the topic of adaptation of a new employee in more detail, we recommend reading the books by A. Ya. Kibanov “Personnel Management: Theory and Practice. Organization of career guidance and adaptation of personnel "and" Personnel management of the organization: current technologies for recruitment, adaptation and certification "

The beginning of autumn for many parents was marked by a solemn event: the baby went to first grade. Usually, both children and parents prepare for this for a long time and hard: they attend preparatory courses and classes, undergo diagnostics for psychological readiness for school. However, the transition from preschool life to school does not always go smoothly, as it is accompanied by psychological and social problems. A first-grader has a new daily routine, duties, which often causes fatigue, irritability, capriciousness, disobedience. How long this difficult period will last is impossible to say unequivocally, in each family it is individual. An atmosphere should reign in the family that will help the child to integrate into school life as comfortably as possible, succeeding in the field of knowledge. After all, if you do not support a first-grader in time, then the negative of the first difficulties at school can develop into a persistent dislike for learning. How to help a little student get used to school as soon as possible, read in this article.

Adaptation to school

Adaptation to school is the transition of the child to systematic schooling and getting used to school conditions. Each first grader experiences this period in his own way. Before school, most children attended Kindergarten, where every day was filled with games and play activities, walks, and daytime sleep and a leisurely daily routine did not let the kids get tired. At school, everything is different: new requirements, an intensive regimen, the need to keep up with everything. How to adapt to them? This requires strength and time, and most importantly - the understanding of parents that this is necessary.

It is generally accepted that the adaptation of a first-grader lasts from the first 10-15 days to several months. This is influenced by many factors, such as the specifics of the school, and its level of readiness for school, the volume of workload and the level of complexity of the educational process, and others. And here you can not do without the help of a teacher and relatives: parents and grandparents.

Difficulties

Teach your child how to communicate with classmates. Explain how important it is to be polite, attentive to peers - and communication at school will only be a joy.

Psychological

For successful psychological adaptation, a friendly and calm atmosphere in the family is important. Do not forget to rest, play calm games, walk.

Create an atmosphere of well-being in the family. Love the child.
Build your child's self-esteem.
Do not forget that your child is a value in itself for parents.
Be interested in the school, ask the child about the events of each day.
Spend time with your child after school.
Do not allow physical measures to influence the child.
Consider the character and temperament of the child - only an individual approach. Observe what he does better and faster, and where help should be given, prompted.
Give the first grader independence in organizing their own learning activities. Control appropriately.
Encourage the student for various successes - not only for academic ones. Encourage him to reach his goals.

Physiological

During the period of adaptation to school, the child's body is exposed to stress. Medical statistics show that among first-graders there are always children who lose weight as soon as they have studied the first quarter, some children show low arterial pressure, and some have high. Headaches, whims, neurotic states are not a complete list of physiological problems that can happen to your child.

Before you reproach the child for being lazy and shirking from school duties, remember what health problems he has. Nothing complicated - just be attentive to your baby.

What to advise the parents of a first-grader from a physiological point of view?

Form a first grader's daily routine, different from the preschooler's daily routine, gradually.
Make it a rule to follow the change of activities at home.
Do not forget about regular physical education minutes when doing homework.
Make sure the student's posture is correct.
Properly illuminate the place where the child does homework.
Follow proper nutrition first grader. On the recommendation of a doctor - give vitamin preparations.
Activate the physical activity of the child,.
Stick to the rules healthy sleep child - at least 9.5 hours.
Limit your viewing of TV shows and computer games.
Cultivate a child's will and independence.

"It is interesting! The norm for doing homework with a first grader is 40 minutes.

Social

Children who have not attended kindergarten may have difficulty communicating with classmates. In kindergarten, the child goes through a process of socialization, where he acquires communication skills and ways to build relationships in a team. At school, the teacher does not always pay attention to this. That is why your child will again need the help of parents.

Be attentive to your child's messages about his relationships with classmates. Try to help with good advice, look for the answer in the psychological and pedagogical literature. Try to tell him how to overcome the conflict situation. Support the parents of those children with whom your baby has a relationship. Notify the teacher of disturbing situations. Remember how important it is to protect your own child, as well as teach him to overcome obstacles himself.

Teach your child to be a person: to have their own opinion, to prove it, but to be tolerant of the opinions of others.

The Golden Rule of Education. A child needs love most at the time when he least deserves it.

So, if you have become a happy parent of a first grader, then simple tips will help you on how to easily survive such a crucial moment as adaptation to school:

Do not disregard such a crucial moment as the beginning of school life. Help your child to overcome the period of adaptation to school, support him, provide the necessary conditions for living and learning, and see how easily he will learn and how his abilities will be revealed.

You think that the problem of adaptation concerns only first-graders and their parents, you are deeply mistaken. Be prepared for such situations: after the holidays, when the child moves to the fifth grade, a new school. How to help your child adapt to the learning process and cope with difficulties, you will learn by reading the article.

The child went to the first grade - a joyful, long-awaited and at the same time disturbing event.

Parents and compassionate grandmothers feel sorry for the baby to tears, because outside the school he is waiting for tests, and he, so defenseless and there is no mother nearby, always ready to help.

In some cases, the process of addiction becomes a difficult stage in the life of a first grader and the whole family. The whole process of further education depends on how the school life of the baby begins, how he joins the team.

Adaptation of a first-grader is the ability to adapt to new conditions.

Difficulties in adapting to school

Kindergarten children are accustomed to a comfortable daily routine - classes, games, eating and sleeping on a schedule, and school life is more dynamic. The child gets tired, often does not have time to complete the tasks of the teacher, gets upset, is capricious. In domestic children, the process of addiction is even more difficult.

on the psyche and emotional condition child is affected by:

personal qualities of the class teacher
group of classmates
changed daily routine
the need to sit in one place the whole lesson
duties that are incumbent on him

The child does not understand why he was deprived of the opportunity to run, play, and sitting in one place for a long time is a tedious and difficult task for him. If he starts talking in class or fidgeting, he gets a reprimand. It is not possible to earn praise from the teacher and a good grade - hence the resentment, disappointment and the first difficulties:

poor academic performance, discipline
laziness and unwillingness to learn
demonstrating their attitude towards the school and teachers
negativity towards everything that happens at school.

How to cope and prevent problems is the task of parents and the teaching staff.

Levels of adaptation of the child to school

After the first of September comes the second, the third and it becomes clear - some children easily enter school life, while others get used to it painfully, with tears and tantrums. Children can be divided into three groups according to their ability to adapt to the requirements and rules of the school.

Unfortunately, almost half of first-graders painfully go through the beginning of a long and difficult path of learning.

High level adaptation

The child without problems, on the positive, accepts new conditions, requirements and responsibilities.

The child studies with pleasure, he carefully listens to the teacher, easily learns the program material, solves complex problems, is active in the classroom.
He performs homework assignments with pleasure, without reminding his parents, shows interest in school subjects, studies the material thoroughly and deeply, is interested in additional material.
He is sociable, he develops good relations with classmates and teachers.
With pleasure he tells how the day went, what interesting things happened, and what he learned new.

Intermediate Adaptation

The child easily adapts to new conditions.

He studies well and masters the compulsory material of the school curriculum, listens to the teacher willingly, if the topic is interesting to him, takes an active part in the discussion.
Performs responsibly homework (almost always), however, is attentive and focused only if he likes the subject or task.
He is active, participates in the life of the class and school, performs public assignments with pleasure, is sociable, has many friends and not only from his class.

Low level of adaptation

The child has a negative attitude towards school, classmates and teachers.

The child does not like to study, constantly pretends to be ill in order not to go to school.
At the lesson, he is passive, does not listen to the teacher, is distracted by the slightest trifles, partially learns the obligatory material in subjects.
Parents have to force the child to do homework and constantly remind him that he did not homework, which he does not want or cannot do without the help of his parents or teacher.
He talks about school reluctantly, complains about classmates, teachers, has few friends.

The process of adaptation to school

Adaptation of the child takes a certain time and takes place in stages:

child comes to school

The first stage of preparing the child for school begins.

The teaching staff introduces the child to the area around the school, shows where the sports, assembly hall, library, class in which he will study is located (study tour).
Classes are held in fine motor skills (drawing, modeling, appliqué).
Physical education classes for the development of gross motor skills (playing with a ball, table tennis, push-ups).
Children perform exercises with the teacher to develop figurative and logical thinking.

Child getting used to school

Psychologists allocate six months, after which it is concluded how the children have adapted to school.

During this time, the teacher should learn the characteristics of the character and capabilities of each student.
The teacher and the psychologist provide assistance to first-graders in adapting to the educational process.
The class teacher maintains constant contact with the parents, who, in turn, should visit the school as often as possible and talk with the teacher.

The child cannot adapt to school

After the first semester, the class teacher informs the parents about the progress of the children in six months of training and the problems of adaptation of individual students.

Work with difficult children is planned for the second semester, together with the teacher, psychologist and parents, so that by the end of the year the child will become a full-fledged member of the school team.

When the first signs of maladjustment of a first grader appear:

The school psychologist supervises the child, makes recommendations to the teacher and advises the parents.
Additional work is being carried out outside the framework of the school program for the effective development of the child, abilities and opportunities for their implementation are identified.
Psychological tests of the level of self-esteem, aggressiveness and anxiety of the student are done.
At the end of the year, the results of joint work on the adaptation of the child to school are summed up.

Conditions for adaptation to school

In order for the child to easily get used to and adapt to new conditions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of adaptation to the school of the body, nervous system and behavior in the community and society.

Physiological adaptation to school

With the beginning of training, the child's body is rebuilt, for each this process takes a different amount of time.

In the first quarter, many babies experience a decrease in appetite and weight loss. The child complains of fatigue, headaches, hardly wakes up in the morning. Often, overwork reduces blood pressure, there are problems with the circulatory system, which during this period undergoes age-related changes.

The question arises - what to do?

Be guided by banal, well-known recommendations:

Nothing new: regime and again - regime

For a first-grader, any kind of extensions are contraindicated, even if this is a necessary measure and there is no one to pick up the child from school, contact grandparents, sisters.

A child of 7 years old needs to sleep for at least 11 hours, then exercise and breakfast, if a first grader goes to school sleepy, then he will sleep the first lesson.
After classes, mandatory rest, preferably sleep. In the first grade, the teacher should not assign homework assignments.
The best time for classes with a child is after 9.00 for the second shift and 16.00 for the first.
Between classes, do small physical exercises - alternating mental and physical labor.

More movement - less missed lessons

The first-grader does not move much, it is established that it takes him half an hour for active rest, of course, there are physical education lessons, but they do not solve the problem.

Do not limit the child in walking after school or take a walk with the baby before going to bed on fresh air. He is better at chasing the ball with friends than sitting at the computer.
Write down the first-grader in the pool, in the sports section. Exercise can help prevent many diseases.
Provide a comfortable place for the child to practice, pay attention to the lighting and how he sits so that there are no further problems with the spine.
Go to school and look at the comfort of the baby in the classroom, how and where he sits, is there enough lighting in the classroom.

Unfortunately, according to statistics, parents in most cases, due to employment or negligence, have little or no control over the child. He does not get enough sleep, eats anything, spends a lot of time in front of the computer, does not go outside. There is no need to talk about good health.

Psychological adaptation to school

Psychological readiness for learning is when a child likes going to school, learning, and he is in a good mood. The opposite state in the behavior of the baby suggests that internally, mentally, he is not ready for school.

How a child psychologically adapts to school is up to you. A few simple tips to help your child:

Your baby should know that you are always loved, even if something doesn’t work out for him.
Do not shout, do not scold, do not allow physical punishment in relation to the child
Control, but without partiality, let's have more independence
Show interest in your child's studies and school life, he should feel your participation and care
Never set an example for other children - this is a blow to pride
Praise him for small victories, but do not overpraise, stimulate him to new successes and encourage him

Do not forget that each first-grader is unique, with his own character, type of temperament. Agree that, due to the mobility of the nervous system, it is difficult for a choleric person to sit in class and do homework, and for a phlegmatic person to make a quick decision.

Social adaptation to school

If a child came to school from kindergarten, he has the initial concepts of socialization in society, which distinguishes him from a first grader who was with his mother or nanny before school.

A little time will pass, and a motley group of children will turn, under the guidance of a teacher, psychologist and parents, into a friendly team.

The child should be able to build relationships with children and teachers, make friends, defend their opinions and give others the opportunity to speak. In conflict or difficult situations, the child must learn to adequately get out of them and make decisions independently.

The main task of parents and teachers is to help the first-grader find his worthy place in the team, not to become an outcast.

Readiness and adaptation to school

Parents mistakenly believe that a child needs to be taught to read, count, learn the multiplication table in advance, and he is ready for school. When the learning process begins, they wonder why a child, perfectly (in their opinion) prepared for school, lags behind classmates.

Intellectual readiness

The child's ability to correctly compose sentences, clearly and intelligibly convey his thoughts
The ability of a first-grader to highlight the main thing, to generalize, to draw conclusions
The ability of the child to reason based on their observations and life experiences

All these qualities will help the first grader to learn the school curriculum, arouse interest in the subjects studied and the desire to learn more, expanding the scope of the school curriculum for themselves.

The behavior and academic performance of the child is influenced by the relationship with classmates, he must learn to live in a team.

social readiness

The child should be able to build relationships with classmates, have personal communication skills
Be able to present yourself, start a conversation or maintain a conversation
He must have communication skills with adults - teachers, administration

Personal readiness

The child understands that he has grown up and the kindergarten is already over, a new, more responsible and adult stage in life begins.
He understands the motivation for studying, he sets a goal to achieve good results. Can realistically assess his abilities and understands that he has a lot to learn.
Knows that although the game is more interesting than homework, it must be done first.

Adaptation of fifth graders to school

Speaking about the adaptation of the child to school, it is impossible to ignore the complex process of the transition of children from primary to secondary school. If the parents of first-graders, sending their child to the first grade, know what difficulties the child has to overcome, then the parents of fifth-graders are not aware of the difficulties of adapting their children to new conditions.

AT primary school they were the oldest, and when they came to the middle school, they turned out to be the smallest, which changes their status, and it’s hard to put up with it.
Having become a second mother, the first teacher is already taking care of the new first graders, and the fifth graders feel abandoned.
Unfamiliar subjects and new teachers, each with their own demands, all evoke feelings of unease and insecurity.
New classes are formed, newcomers come in, with whom difficult relationships can be established.

Often the adaptation of a fifth grader is easy and painless:

comes in a good mood from school
goes to class without a hitch
does homework independently, rarely asks for help
studying the school curriculum does not cause him difficulties
he has many friends, actively participates in the life of the class

If everything is right in the child's behavior on the contrary, it means that adaptation difficulties have arisen, he needs help. Try to talk as much as possible with the child, because this is the only way to find out what is bothering him and try to solve all the problems with him together.