Often, when writing, people encounter certain spelling problems that can put a person into a creative stupor. For example, many people do not know when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. Often people get confused. The use of particles “not” and “ni” with different parts of speech is carried out according to clear rules. Knowing them will allow you to cope with the correct spelling of words in the text.

Total particle value

So, more details. Each of the particles is endowed with its own meaning, which plays a key role in the direct placement of word forms in a certain position. In order to understand when “neither” is written and when “not”, you need to familiarize yourself with the general appearance of the corresponding rule.

The use of particles is not	Using particles neither
Expression of basic negation: We Not let's go on a trip.	Giving the effect of enhanced negation: I didn’t see neither stars.
Usage in the form of stable elements: This student not at all fool!	Use as stable phrases: His clothes - neither caftan nor cassock.
In negative or interrogative sentences (quite often “not” goes side by side with the particle “only”): What am I only Not got up to it on the eve of the summer holidays!	Negation in a sentence that lacks a subject: In an abandoned castle neither souls.
	Use as a repeating element (particle) Young grandchildren Not could Notthink about the well-being of your grandmother.

Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives

Let's look at combinations with specific parts of speech. In the first case, the use of the particles "not" and "nor" is subject to a rule that has a slight aspect that relates to both the adjective and the noun. What does it mean?

If you can find a synonym for a certain word that does not have the prefix “not-,” then it is written together in both cases:

My friends saw a small (=small, compact) house on the lawn;

There is no need to tell me lies (=lies, deception).

And if after the corresponding word there is a contrast in the form of “conjunction “a” + antonym”, it is necessary to write “not” separately:

This stone road is not wide, and narrow;

I don't consider him a friend and the enemy.

Also, “not” is written separately from the adjective in the following cases:

• designation of any color or taste: he did not draw scarlet sails;
• comparative degree: but I am no lower than my brother.

Spelling particles for verbs and gerunds

Since participles are a special form of the verb, both parts of speech have a common basis in the form of a single rule. Almost always, the listed elements of the Russian language are separated from “not”:

Without thinking about his future, he rarely attached importance to education;

The snow-white horse did not dare to jump over the fence.

Spelling particles for participles

When faced with these parts of speech, people often think about when to write “not” and when to write “neither”, which entails a number of small problems. In fact, the situation is not complicated at all, you just need to pay close attention to some aspects.

Continuous writing	Separate writing
Absence of dependent words with the full form of the participle: I still have it in my pocket Not wasted money.	The presence of dependent words in the full participle: Not resolved excellent student task
The role of dependent words in the full participle is played by adverbs of degree or measure: this is absolutely Not appropriate place	When the opposition is placed, which is expressed using the conjunction “a”: in the flowerbed one could see Not blossoming, and fading roses
	The participle is characterized by a short form: ours with some more requests Not sent

Spelling particles for pronouns

If there is a preposition between 2 elements of a pronoun, then this combination will be expressed as three separate words. For example:

My father has no one to borrow a small amount of money from;

In the first lesson we had nothing to talk about.

The greatest number of questions arise when using “not” and “neither” as prefixes. In fact, everything is very simple:

There is also another rule that allows you to clarify when you write “not” and when “neither” when encountering certain constructions. Here it is:

Spelling particles for adverbs

Any negative adverb will be written together with the elements “not” or “nor”. For example:

I don’t regret my action at all;

My friend doesn’t need to bring a cheat sheet with him: he already knows all the answers.

But the particle is separated from the main word in some cases. If:

1. an adverb should be written with a hyphen: you are not behaving like a Christian;
2. next to it is an intensifying adverb: we do not Very we want to go to school;
3. adverb does not end with the letters -e or -o: I don’t always draw colorful pictures.

A significant part of the considered uninflected parts of speech ending in -o or -e are subject to rules that have their own special characteristic. Here they are:

Spelling particles with conjunctions and prepositions

In the Russian language, in addition to independent parts of speech, there are also service parts, which are a kind of “sticky” segments, thanks to which sentences acquire a coherent and logically complete appearance. These small elements can also be located next to the “not” and “nor” particles. The rules governing such situations are quite clear with a brief explanation of the essence:

• “not” is always separated from coordinating conjunctions, but lends itself to merging in the area of ​​the compound conjunction that” (= although);
• “not” is written separately with all non-derivative prepositions, but together - with “despite” or “despite” (= in spite of);
• “not” is part of only one particle “really”; in other cases the negative particle is written separately.

"Not" with different parts of speech.
Together or separately?

In order for students to understand and successfully master a new spelling topic, the teacher must first of all show the internal logic of the laws of Russian spelling, make these laws understandable, familiar and simple. The means may vary. This is especially true for the moments of practicing and consolidating new knowledge. Tables (ready-made or thought out by the teacher, “tortured” by him - and therefore the best), algorithms, entertaining and educational tasks, and games are also suitable here.

Visualization and “entertainment” should not be neglected in high school, so that Russian language lessons do not turn into a dreary repetition of what was supposedly studied in the 6th and 7th grades, but is completely forgotten by the majority, and is perceived by many simply as a new revelation .

I. Didactic material from various manuals helps the teacher when studying and repeating the topic « Not with different parts of speech." The main writing principle that schoolchildren must learn here is:

Particle Not , written separately, expresses the negation of a sign or action.

Console Not-, written together, it only says that the object has the opposite quality, sign or effect.

Based on this principle, you can combine numerous rules into simple schemes:

Particle Not written separately: – with verbs(was not),with gerunds(leisurely),with numerals(not once), and with short adjectives with a hint of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want); – with all words, if they have or are implied contrast with union A (Not deep, A small river), as well as with intensification denial words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all(not at all happy faces); – with adjectives in comparative degree(not thinner); – in words with prepositions(Not with whom, Not in spirit Not for whom, Not in force).

Not written together: - in words that are without Not not used (Not vezha, Not conquerable); – in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced with a synonym (Not friend - enemy, very Not healthy look - very sick look, Not healthy - sick); – in verbal adjectives -washed (Not dependent); – V indefinite pronouns (Not Who, Not What, Not which); – V verbs with prefix under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, lack of action (under do , under evaluate).

The same writing principle applies to participles:

Full participles with a particle Not are written apart, if there – dependent word: Not repaid nobody lights; – contrast with union but not repaid, A lit lights. Not with participles -my written separately, if available dependent word in creative case: Not visible(adv.) eye, But invisible(adj.) tears to the world.

If there is no dependent word or contrast with a conjunction A, then the particle Not is written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the fog. WITH short participles particle Not is written always separately: lights Not repaid.

II. You can present these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).

Not with different parts of speech
Part of speech	Together	Apart
Noun, adjective, adverb -o, -e	1. Not to be used without Not-: sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous 2. Can be replaced with a synonym without Not-: Not modestly (boastfully) Not stupid (smart) 3. In negative adverbs: Not Where , Not Where	1. There is a contrast: Not Truth , A lie 2. Denial is reinforced by words far, not at all, not at all, never: far Not silly 3. With adverbs not on -o, -e: Not comradely
Pronoun	After Not And neither no preposition: neither whom , Not whom	After Not And neither there is a preposition: Not who , nor who
Verb, gerund	Not harass (not used without -Not ) Not harassing(not used without -Not )	Not noticed (verb) Not noticing(gerund)
Participle	There is no dependent word or opposition: Not finished work	1. There is a dependent word: Not finished during Job 2. There is a contrast: Not finished, A work started 3. With short participles: Job Not finished

III. Words that are without Not are not used.

Nouns	Adjectives	Verbs
stranger fury ignoramus, ignoramus absurdity, absurdity hatred bad weather fidget dislike stainless steel (steel) slob, sloppiness lob Nesmeyana (princess) foolish nonsense clumsiness penalty a lack of uncleanness tawny owl (grass)	frantic unsightly unsociable hated stormy restless impenetrable (darkness) unsightly (action) hostile unlucky sloppy countless (quantity) awkward clumsy merciless (swearing)	be indignant be perplexed lack (something) overlook (behind the child) miss (Sveta) dislike hate go on a rampage I'm not feeling well he's itching you're in trouble

IV. Simplified version of the rules:

V. We work with algorithms.

VI. Developmental tasks.

1. Reaction speed task(good to do after a long time of writing). The teacher reads the phrases, calling out their serial number, and the students write down only the numbers in two columns: together Not- and separately Not

1) unfulfilled order;

2) the forest is not coniferous;

3) an indignant look;

4) the windows are not washed;

5) not happy about the meeting;

6) there was no;

7) he is not feeling well;

8) the ring is not gold;

9) not easy to decide;

10) is far from an easy matter;

11) very carelessly;

12) unmown meadow;

13) without looking around;

14) despite the circumstances.

Answer is written like this:

together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;

separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.

2. Attention task which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.

Write down only the numbers adjectives, who are without Not not used:

1) unfinished novel;

2) leisurely;

3) unsightly;

4) not involved;

5) careless;

6) immature;

7) clumsy;

8) irreversible.

Now remember the rest of the words from the list that Not are always written together (training auditory memory).

3. Determine by ear whether it is Not part of the root of a noun or is it a prefix without which the word cannot be used:

2) slob;

3) weakness;

4) hatred;

6) nectar.

4. Choose synonyms for the words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, unhappiness, independence. A Now remember and write down the noun with Not, which was dictated to you.

5. Choose antonyms with Not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery– ..., opponent -..., concentration - ..., dirty - ..., neat– ..., close – ..., lie – ..., low– ....

6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with Not together:

not to grab, not to dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,

not to hear, to be perplexed, to be tender, to bask.

How do you write Not with a verb in sentences:

I'm missing 100 rubles

Am I missing 100 thousand?

7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (jointly and separately):

not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,

not to do, not to do, to be indignant, to be perplexed,

not to notice, not to notice, to rage,

don’t ask, don’t ask, (he) isn’t feeling well,

itching, to overlook (someone).

From what verbs is it impossible to form gerunds?

(After completing the last two exercises, the children have in their notebooks a list of almost all verbs and gerunds that, without Not are not used).

VII. Exercise to restore deformed text for consolidation.

Correct any mistakes made in the text.

And since their corner was almost deserted, there was nowhere to get the latest news about what was happening in this world: the transporters with wooden utensils lived only twenty miles away and knew little more than them. There was nothing even to compare their lives with: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.

Happy people lived, thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be any other way, confident that everyone else lived exactly the same way and that living differently was a sin.

In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, not one has died, let alone a violent death, or even a natural death.

And if someone died from an old age or from some long-standing illness and fell into eternal sleep, then for a long time afterward they could not bear such an unusual case.

Once, however, he was found lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, near the bridge, apparently, a man who had lagged behind the passing artel.

The men did not dare to come close. The passer-by made a movement to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.

And everyone went to the village, telling the old people that the person lying there was not from here and was not saying anything.

“Not from here, don’t touch it!” - said the old people .

(According to I.A. Goncharov)

VIII. Write a dictation.

THE BOYS ARE LOST

The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. Wrong trees, wrong swamps, wrong grass. Some strange flowers are visible, they weren’t there before. And instead of a road there is an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had fallen through the ground. The sun has set. But they were not at all ready for sunset. The darkness in the forest was pitch-black, but they were walking straight ahead, not making out the road, and it was impossible to make out. They saw no more of each other. Suddenly Kolya became wary and shuddered. A long, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them uncontrollably through stumps, swamps, and bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustling of the rain. Both were trembling and rubbing their hands on their knees as they walked.

(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)

LITERATURE

1. Bogdanova G.A."Russian language lessons in 8th grade."

2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards A, step by step."

3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Support diagrams. Exercises. M., 2005.

O.P. ECHINA,
Moscow

The particle “not” plays an important role in the Russian language. The meaning of the entire phrase depends on how it is written with words. This service particle expresses not only the denial “don’t run, don’t touch,” but also the statement: “today it wasn’t mom who took Masha, but dad.” Often this particle gives the phrase fullness of action: “I can’t stop looking at you.” In colloquial speech, she is able to give a phrase a shade of indifference: “If there was no happiness, but misfortune would help.” This negative particle can also give an affirmative intonation: “the bad weather has cleared up.”

In contact with

Classmates

Rules for writing the particle “not” with nouns

One of the rules of the Russian language that causes difficulties is the spelling of “not” with nouns. A literate person is able to distinguish the spelling of this particle and use it correctly in written speech.

The spelling of “not” depends on whether it is a prefix (written together) or a negative particle - a separate word (written separately). Examples:

Difficulties in writing appear when distinguishing between a prefix and a particle. The rules of the Russian language are designed to distinguish a prefix from a particle and establish the correct spelling NOT with nouns. The meaning of what is written depends on this.

In most cases, the particle “not” with nouns is written separately. But there are options when “not” is written together. To avoid making mistakes in using NOT, you need to familiarize yourself with rule of the Russian language.

The table shows examples NOT with nouns.

Let's take a closer look at each of these spelling options. NOT with nouns is the rule.

“Not” is written together

1. If not used without NOT (examples: fable, ignoramus, bad weather, slob, slave, lack, disorder, absurdity, dunno, unseen, scoundrel, illness, invisible, forget-me-not, fidget, foolish, loser, tumbler, trouble).
2. If a word with a particle NOT is replaced by a synonym without NOT without loss of meaning. Examples: misfortune - grief; enemy - enemy.
3. If there is a connection of the prefixes under-: imperfection, oversight, deficiency, arrears, underweight, underdevelopment.
4. Nouns that denote a person or a qualitative shade, when combined with NOT-, form words with the meaning of opposition. Examples of such word formations: non-specialist, non-poet, non-Muslims, non-doctors. When a non-professional gets down to business, it’s time to shout “guard.” A non-doctor will not understand the medical history. A non-mathematician will not solve this problem.

If the particle NOT and the noun form a new word with the opposite meaning. Examples: lack (flaw; prosperity means prosperity), misfortune - trouble, not lack of happiness; a person's unreliability is not (one cannot rely on him). Due to his lack of knowledge of the language, he did not read the instructions.

If a noun with NOT is used with a dependent adjective or possessive pronoun before NOT-. I was saddened by your failure.

1. If a noun with NOT is preceded by a modifier or preposition. Fire for absence from work. Everyone knows about his bad manners. It's all my bad luck.
2. A noun is a term. Example: non-metal. Among the chemical elements there are non-metals.

“Not” is written separately with nouns

If there is or is implied opposition by the conjunction A. Example: Not the truth, but a lie. He is not my friend (implied enemy). Cows and non-cows graze in the meadow. (meaning cows and other animals graze). He is ready to write everything: poetry and non-verse, plays and non-plays. Not a holiday, but a day off.

All these conditions are easy to remember and use correctly in writing.

Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Integrated/separate writing is not

Integrated/separate writing Not

Introductory remarks. With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in ?O, full forms of participles Not can be written both together and separately (except for the cases specified in § 145). § 147 gives the conditions that reveal a particle Not (separate writing Not ) in combination with nouns, adjectives and adverbs, in § 148 - conditions that reveal the prefix Not- (continuous spelling Not ) in the same parts of speech. A special rule (§ 150) concerns combined and separate writing Not with full forms of participles.

§ 147. ?O negation Not is written apart in the following cases.

1. As part of structures with opposition: not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(cf. He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(cf. His dislike for animals);

Not a good person, but rather a bad one(cf. He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(cf. Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(cf. Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher;

You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..

The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A, eg: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; Not a pleasant one - a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He acts not more energetically - more fussy.

Note. Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, eg: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; An inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. It is not denied here that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.

2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:

a) with words not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all, eg: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's no prettier than his sister;

c) with the union no no, eg: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.

Note. Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize the affirmative meaning (see § 148, paragraph 4).

3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...

§ 148. With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ?O negation Not is written seamlessly in the following cases.

1. If the word is Not can be replaced with a word close in meaning without Not . This possibility suggests that Not - a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult), not close(far), a lot(a lot of).

2. If nouns and adjectives are combined with Not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena, for example: non-doctors, non-French, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries.

3. If before a noun with Not there is a definition or preposition. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I’m dozing on the balls, / Before them, a deadly reluctance(Gr.).

4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb ?O there are words very, extremely, quite, extremely, clearly, quite (enough), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently- words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, for example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely unintelligibly and unsatisfactorily, very outstanding, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, exceptionally unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.

Note. However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used both in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately (strengthening the negation, see § 147, paragraph 2). Wed, for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).

5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs, for example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, eg: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.

Note. From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix ?e And ?she(eg. not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix ?her(eg. weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.

However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).

§ 149. In all other cases (not regulated by § 147-148), in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize a negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish a particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible in meaning in a given context.

If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc., see § 147), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; the weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough etc., see § 148, paragraph 4), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; the weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.

Note. Unlike participles (see § 150), with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen the negation, see § 147, paragraph 2) writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of the fact that? he wants to express: negation of the attribute - and then write Not separately from the following word (eg: he is not healthy, it doesn’t matter, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (cf.: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is insignificant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.

§ 150. Not is written apart:

a) if they have dependent words, for example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition (see § 147, paragraph 1) or constructions that enhance negation (see § 147, paragraph 2), for example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all calmed down, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never depressed, not loved by anyone.

Negation with full forms of participles Not written together:

a) in the absence of dependent words, for example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, unemployed pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;

b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement (see § 148, paragraph 4), for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.

From the book Modern Russian Language. Practical guide author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

6.86. Spelling of prepositions, conjunctions and particles; spelling complex prepositions and prepositional combinations; spelling of conjunctions but, also, too, so that, in contrast to combinations for that, the same, the same, that would; separate and hyphenated spelling of particles; separation of particles is not and neither

From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 56. Continuous writing of adverbs 1. Adverbs formed by combining a prefix-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: absolutely, forever, the day after tomorrow. Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words should be distinguished from similar words,

From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

From the book The Complete Encyclopedia of Our Misconceptions author

§ 60. Integrated and separate writing of prepositions and prepositional combinations 1. Prepositions are written together: in view of, instead of, like, as a result of, like, about, over, for example: in view of possible complications (but: in mind of the city, to mean), like deep trenches (but: in the Artamonov family),

From the book The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Our Misconceptions [with illustrations] author Mazurkevich Sergei Alexandrovich

§ 61. Continuous writing of conjunctions 1. The conjunction so is written together, in contrast to the combination of the pronoun that with the particle would; in the latter case, the particle could be rearranged to another place in the sentence. For example: a) The editor met with the author to (in order to) agree

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Reference author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

§ 62. Separate writing of conjunctions 1. Explanatory conjunctions are written separately (without a hyphen), that is, that is, for example: They drank as usual, that is, a lot (Pushkin); On the third day, that is, last week, I told the headman... (Sleptsov).2. Complex conjunctions are written separately because

From the author's book

§ 63. Separate writing of particles 1. Particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) are written separately, for example: would have done, if, if, however, however, that’s what you are, barely whether, always. Note. The rule does not apply to cases where the specified particles are included in the composition

From the author's book

§ 56. Continuous writing of adverbs 1. Adverbs formed by combining a preposition-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, the day after tomorrow. Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words should be distinguished from similar words,

From the author's book

§ 58. Separate writing of adverbial combinations 1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately, for example: side by side, face to face (by analogy: one to one).2. Adverbial expressions are written separately with

From the author's book

§ 61. Continuous writing of conjunctions 1. The conjunction so is written together, in contrast to the combination that would (pronoun and particle), for example: The editor met with the author and (in order) to agree on the changes made to the manuscript; It is important that people understand this; but what? I wish there was more of this

From the author's book

§ 62. Separate writing of conjunctions Conjunctions are written separately because, since, so that, in order that, whereas, that is, that is, as if, thereby, all the more so, and not that, all the more, etc. , for example: And the dogs fell silent because no one bothered them; He looked as if

From the author's book

§ 63. Separate writing of particles 1. Particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) are written separately, for example: would have done, if, if, however, however, that’s what you are, barely whether, always. Note. For writing conjunctions so and also, see § 61, paragraphs. 1, 2.2. Particles are written separately, after all, they say

From the author's book

From the author's book

Separate meals Separate meals have recently become very popular, especially after the statements of Alla Pugacheva, Philip Kirkorov and some other pop stars that they prefer it. According to them, it is this power system

From the author's book

Continuous writing is not § 145. Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word, negation is not written together in the following cases.1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word,

From the author's book

Separate writing is not § 146. Negation is not written separately in the following cases:1. With all forms of verbs (except for full participles; about them see § 150): a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don’t know, don’t know, don’t know, didn’t know, didn’t know, don’t rush, don’t rush, don’t

§ 88. Not written together:

1. In all cases when a word is not used without a negative particle, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian, For example: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; all non-specialists liked the report; a non-Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse(Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs ending in -o (-e), unless combining them with does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy appearance (i.e. sickly ), impossible character(i.e. heavy), the sea is restless (i.e. agitated), the matter is unclean (i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), acted badly(i.e. bad).

4. With full participles, for which there are no explanatory words, for example: unfinished (work), unblown(flower), stainless (steel), unloved (child), unconcealed (anger), uncompressed (strip) (in such cases the participle is close to the adjective); But: work not completed on time, a flower not blooming due to the cold, a child not loved by the mother, students who have not yet been examined(in such cases the participle is close in meaning to the verb).

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, not with the participle is written together (in these cases, the participles with are not close to the adjective), for example: extremely rash decision, completely inappropriate example, But: a completely inappropriate example(not written separately due to the presence of an explanatory word to the rule).

5. In pronouns, when not is separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: someone, something, no one, nothing(But: no one, no need, no one, no reason, no reason).

In pronominal adverbs, for example: no time, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere.

6. In adverbs there is no need (in the meaning of “aimlessly”, for example: there is no need to go there), reluctantly; in prepositional combinations despite, despite; in the interrogative particle really.

Writing adverbs and adverbial combinations that include a negation, a preposition and a noun or adjective (for example, unknowingly, inadvertently, by chance, beyond the power), determined by the rules laid down in § 83, paragraphs 5 and 6.

7. In the verb prefix nedo-, denoting non-compliance with the required norm, for example: nedo fulfill (perform below the required norm), nedo look (not enough, look bad, miss something), nedos sleep (sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with the prefix it is not necessary to distinguish verbs with the prefix do-, which have the negation not in front of them and denote an action that has not been completed, for example: not to read a book, not to drink tea, not to watch a play.

§ 89. Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, without haste.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with the prefix are missing - see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. In participles: a) in short form, for example: the debt is not paid, the house is not completed, the coat is not sewn b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he did not bring the finished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: It was not luck that led us to success, but endurance and composure; It’s not death that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(Pushkin); the morning came not clear, but foggy; the train is neither fast nor slow(implied: “at some average speed”); not tomorrow (there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. You should pay attention to some cases of separate writing of the particle not. The particle is not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with neither as an explanatory word, for example: no one (for anyone, etc.) needs a thing, never encountered error, no one it is profitable to undertake this; b) if it is not part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from the only wish not at all fair decision, not at all the best solution, far from sufficient.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that. For cases of continuous writing not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. The philosophical term not-self is written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately more than once, for example: More than once he accused himself of being overly cautious.(Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all non-commercial and industrial enterprises; it is not said in Russian; They don’t sing in the old way.

§ 90. Neither is written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one and so on.