Debit 57 credit 57 - such posting is not provided for in the chart of accounts. Postings by debit 57 credit 57 the amounts of funds that are “in transit” from the cash desk to the bank and back are reflected. This account can also be used in other operations - we will consider them further.

Possible correspondence of account 57

In order not to complicate already complex accounting, many accountants reflect the transaction of transferring funds (hereinafter referred to as DS) from the cash desk to the bank by posting Dt 51 Kt 50. But this approach is essentially incorrect. After all, this money was issued to some authorized person, and on the way to the bank they could be lost or stolen. Or the DS were issued from the cash register in the evening, and handed over to the bank in the morning. That is, time may pass between the issuance of DS from the cash desk and their delivery to the bank, and there is always an intermediary. Therefore, postings using account 57 are considered more correct.

This account is mentioned in the instructions for using the chart of accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n. As follows from this document, account 57 is intended to summarize and reflect information on the movement of DS deposited at the cash desk of the Russian Post, Sberbank or other credit organizations, but not yet credited to the company’s current account.

However, today this characteristic is not entirely relevant, since savings banks have long been abolished, and only individuals can send DS via mail (clause 1 of the order of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Post” dated March 13, 2007 No. 81p). Thus, the DS must be issued to the accountable person, and he will have to submit an advance report. The wiring in this case will be as follows:

• Dt 71 Kt 50 - DS issued to an accountable person;
• Dt 57 Kt 71 - DS handed over to the post office;
• Dt 51 Kt 57 - DS credited to the company’s account.

This approach is possible, but is rarely used.

According to the instructions, account 57 can correspond with DS accounting accounts 50 (51, 52), as well as 62, 76, 79, 90, 91 debit 57- credit 57 of the th account interacts with accounts 50, 51, 52, 62, 73.

Since this instruction is not a regulatory act and is of an informational nature (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 15, 2001 No. 16-00-13/05), accountants often use account 57, applying uniform approaches to accounting, and also guided by the instructions of the Bank of Russia.

Most often, this account is used to record acquiring transactions.

Using account 57 in acquiring

It is difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without a bank card. It is very convenient to use. Therefore, many stores install terminals at their checkout counters to pay customers using bank cards. Payment by card through a POS terminal is called acquiring.

IMPORTANT!When making payments to clients using payment terminals, the buyer must be issued a terminal report - a slip and a cash receipt (when using a cash register) or a BSO (letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 20, 2013 No. 03-01-15/49854). When using a cash register, the amounts received through the terminal must be reflected in the cashier-operator's journal (in column 12 indicate the number of cards, and in column 13 - the amounts received) based on the Z-report (letter of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation for the city of Moscow dated January 20, 2011 No. 17 -15/4707).

Accounting in acquiring is carried out by the following entries:

• Dt 57 Kt 90 - revenue received for the goods.

If the buyer needs to be specified, the wiring will be like this:

• Dt 57 Kt 62 - payment received from the buyer;
• Dt 51 Kt 57 - proceeds were credited to the current account;
• Dt 91 Kt 57 - the commission of the acquiring bank is written off.

Nuances of using account 57 using examples

Companies can resort to using account 57 when transferring proceeds from a store to a bank through cash collectors.

Example 1

Fortuna LLC engages in trade through retail stores. Revenue in the amount of 43,000 rubles. from store A was handed over to collectors. The next day, an amount of 42,000 rubles was credited to the company’s account, because when the bank cashier examined the bag, a counterfeit banknote with a face value of 1,000 rubles was detected. This fact is recorded on the back of the accompanying sheet for the bag.

Dt 57 Kt 50 - 43,000 rub. — DS were transferred to the collector.

Dt 51 Kt 57 - 42,000 rub. — DS were handed over by collectors to the company’s bank account.

Until the circumstances are clarified, the amount of the shortfall must be recorded as follows:

Dt 94 Kt 57 — 1,000 rub. — a shortage was identified in the amount of the nominal price of the banknote.

As a result of the examination, the banknote was recognized as counterfeit, and an examination report of banknotes was drawn up. The cashier was found guilty in this case, and it was decided to withhold the amount of the shortfall from his salary.

Dt 73 Kt 94 — 1,000 rub. - the amount of the deficiency is attributed to the guilty person.

Dt 70 (50) Kt 73 — 1,000 rub. - the shortage has been compensated.

If the cashier were found not guilty, the denomination of the bill would have to be reflected as part of other expenses: Dt 91 Kt 94.

Example 2

The Verona LLC company uses a corporate card for settlements with accountable persons. On 06/02/2016, the company transferred DS to the card account in the amount of 10,000 rubles. Using account 71 in this case is inappropriate, since the card has not yet been issued to the employee. This operation can be reflected by writing:

Dt 57 Kt 51 - 10,000 rub. — DS are credited to the card’s personal account.

The issuance of a card to an employee must be reflected by posting Dt 71 Kt 57.

Example 3

06/03/2016 Lik LLC purchased dollars in the amount of 350,000 rubles. The dollar exchange rate on this date was 66.7491 rubles. (i.e. $5,243.52 purchased). The company also sold euros worth RUB 250,000. The euro exchange rate as of 06/03/2016 is 74.8191 rubles. On June 6, 2016, dollars were credited to the current account at a price of 66.8529 rubles. The euro was written off at a price of 74.5610 rubles.

	Dollar	Amount, dollars	Calculation	Amount, rub.
		5 243,52	350 000 / 66,7491
			5243.52 × 66.8529	350 544,52
Difference

Postings

03.06.2016:

Dt 57 Kt 51 - 350,000 rub. — rubles for purchasing dollars are listed.

06.06.2016:

Dt 52 Kt 57 — 350,544.52 rub. — the converted dollar was credited to the account.

Dt 57 Kt 91 — 544.52 rub. — a positive exchange rate difference is reflected.

	Euro	Euro amount	Calculation	Amount, rub.
		3 341,39	250 000 / 74,8191
			3,341.39 × 74.5610	249 137,38
Difference

Postings

03.06.2016:

Dt 57 Kt 52 — 250,000 rub. — sale of euros for conversion.

06.06.2016:

Dt 51 Kt 57 — 249,137.38 rub. — rubles arrived after conversion.

Dt 91 Kt 57 - 862.62 rub. — negative exchange rate difference reflected

Results

Debit 57 credit 57— this entry is not used as an independent entry in accounting. Records of debit and credit 57 of the account in correspondence with other accounts are used to reflect the movement of funds “in transit” between the cash register and the bank, as well as between the acquiring bank and the company’s current account when making mutual settlements with customers through POS terminals

As part of accounting, account 57 usually reflects the movement of financial assets both in foreign currency and in rubles. The very concept of transfers in transit implies the presence of various kinds of funds, for example, proceeds or other cash, the purpose of which is to transfer to a current account or cash desk, but has not yet reached its destination.

Characteristics and Application

Transfers in transit are financial funds that have been deposited at the cash desks of credit institutions or post offices for crediting to a current account, but have not yet been credited at the moment. In most cases it is about revenue, which the enterprise must receive from the sale of services or goods.

Summarization of all information about “transfers in transit” both in foreign and national currency occurs according to count 57.

The debit of this account records funds (for example, in the process of depositing proceeds received from the sale) on the basis of a mail receipt, a credit institution, or a copy of the accompanying documentation for the deposit of funds by collectors.

This account can also be used in the process of paying for services or goods using bank cards (this is called acquiring), or when purchasing foreign currency.

All movement of funds in this account must be described separately for each individual currency. In simple terms, this is a way of describing the process of transferring money to a bank account.

Almost any trading enterprise transfers funds received from revenue to a current account. This is where the use of account 57 of accounting begins, since it is possible to keep records as accurately and continuously as possible.

In addition to transfers from the enterprise itself, this account 57 can include funds transferred by customers as payment for services rendered or goods purchased, but which did not have time to be finally transferred to the account before the end of the reporting period.

Using account 57 is appropriate in cases where the transfer of funds takes more than a day from the start of the transfer. For this they can be used services:

• banking institutions;
• savings banks;
• postal service branches.

When transferring, it is necessary to have basic documents proving the fact of transfer of funds. It can be:

• receipts from executive organizations;
• accompanying collection statements;
• other accounting documents.

The movement of funds in currency must occur separately from otherstranslations.

Between several endpoints of receiving and transmitting funds there is a certain time period. However, the transfer of funds may take more than one day. The simplest example is when cash was withdrawn from the cash register at the end of the working day, and transferred to the account only the next day.

Example: at the end of the working day on February 1 of this year, the company recorded revenue of 67,000 rubles. 20,000 was left in the cash register for current business expenses. The remaining funds had to be redirected to a bank account so that the limit of 30,000 rubles was not violated. The whole process can be reflected with the following entries.

01.02.2017

• Debit50 Credit 62— receipt of proceeds from the sale of goods in the amount of 67 thousand rubles.
• Debit 71 Credit 50- funds were given to the accountable person in the amount of 20,000 rubles.
• Debit 57 Credit 50— the money was transferred to collectors in order to replenish the current account.

02.02.2017

• Debit51 Credit 57— the organization’s revenue was transferred to the current account.

The fact of using account 57 in this case allows you to comply with the established cash order by depositing funds into the account upon receipt

In addition, it is important to understand that the simplest posting Debit 50 Credit 54 is not always able to fully reflect the current financial situation in the organization. After all, in the end, some circumstances arise that will certainly lead to the fact that the money may not be spent as planned.

For example, they can be returned to the enterprise in the form of cash due to technical work at the bank. In addition, you should not exclude the possibility of various force majeure cases, for example, theft or loss of funds by collectors. In these cases, the transfer operation was not completed, which means it could not be reflected in this account.

Within the organization

Account 57 in a company when reflecting the movement of cash can be used in following purposes:

An enterprise that uses such payment methods in its work, in addition to special equipment, must also enter into an additional agreement with the bank for the possibility of servicing terminals - acquiring. The bank (acquirer), which in this case is an intermediary, must install its own terminals in the organization to make payments.

With this system of operation of the enterprise, funds are not immediately credited to the organization’s account. The score 57 should also be used here.

• Debit 57 Credit 90— revenue received from customer cards;
• Debit 90 Credit 68— VAT, which is charged on sales;
• Debit 51 Credit 57— transfer of finances to the official account of the enterprise;
• Debit 91 Credit 57— tank costs according to the acquiring agreement.

If the company is a VAT payer, then this tax is required to be charged on the entire amount of revenue.

Between organizations

Account 57 acts as a conductor of money between the accounts of several organizations. In fact, count 57 in this case is the time between sending money. There may be following postings:

• Debno57 Kreadyt 51.1— funds were withdrawn from settlement bank No. 1 in order to subsequently credit them to the account of bank No. 2;
• Debno2 Credit 57— replenishment of account No. 2 due to the initial financial transfer from bank No. 1.

In such cases, there is no temporary lack of assets when finances have left the first account but have not yet arrived in the other.

Reflection of the remains

In order to calculate the organization’s liquidity indicators (both current and urgent), it is necessary to use the data reflected in line 1250 of the balance sheet entitled “Cash and cash equivalents”. Using these ratios, you can learn how to pay off real short-term debts. Finances and their investments of a short-term nature can be recognized as liquid.

The total value of these indicators will provide data on the contents of line 1250 of the balance sheet. Money in transit provides an opportunity to reflect a real picture of the financial situation, in this case, no assets are lost from sight, because at the time of accounting they were in transit between crediting and issuing.

However, not in all situations, relatively high scores indicate that things are going well. It may also indicate that the business's financial assets are not included in the operation. If the financial policy of the organization is drawn up correctly, then the enterprise must not only repay existing debts on time, but also invest funds in turnover on time, receiving additional profit and at the same time growing even more.

How to close

There are quite a lot of options for how account 57 can be closed. It all depends on which accounts it corresponds with, for example:

• Debit 51,52,55 Credit 57— in cases of crediting funds;
• Debit 70 Credit 57— transfer of funds to an employee;
• Debit Credit 57— issuing loans to employees using received funds.

For example, in the case of selling funds through an online store:

• Debit 51 Credit 57— transfer of money from the acquiring bank;
• Debit 57 Credit 52— preparation of a report on non-cash retail trade.

Or this example. The balance of unspent funds in rubles when purchasing currency was transferred to the organization’s current account. Appropriate here following postings:

• Debit 57.02 Credit 51— writing off money from the client’s account in the process of purchasing money in foreign currency;
• Debit 52 Credit 57.02— crediting the currency itself during a transaction involving its purchase.

These postings will be sufficient to reflect the transaction. Although it is also acceptable to use account 76 to emphasize that currency is being purchased from the bank.

Brief description of account 57 (active or passive, reflected in accounting, etc.)

Account 57 in accounting is a transit account. Here, the transfer of funds (in rubles/currency) from one place to another is tracked over more than one banking day.

This account is regulated in accounting by the Chart of Accounts and Instructions for its use (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n). The procedure for conducting cash and non-cash transactions is determined by the Central Bank of Russia (letter of the Ministry of Finance dated October 4, 2011 No. 07-02-06/184). To this end, the Bank of Russia has approved many provisions, including:

• dated April 24, 2008 No. 318-P (cash transactions);
• dated June 19, 2012 No. 383-P (transfer of funds);
• dated 01/05/1998 No. 14-P (cash circulation), etc.

An organization can open subaccounts for accounting separately:

• funds collected to the bank - 57.1;
• money transferred for the purpose of purchasing currency - 57.2;
• currency for the purpose of selling it - 57.3, etc.

For each specific currency, accounting on account 57 is carried out separately, i.e. additional sub-accounts are opened.

Active or passive account 57 ? The account is active. In the Chart of Accounts it is included in section Y “Cash”. The debit of the account shows funds in transit, and the credit shows their arrival at the desired account or the organization’s cash desk, that is, the completion of their transit operation.

When funds are transferred to account 57 on the last day of the period, they remain a debit balance and are reflected on the balance sheet as part of line 1250, Cash and Cash Equivalents.

Postings to account 57

Account 57 is used for operations such as:

• transfer of cash from the cash register to collectors for depositing funds into the company’s current account;
• transfer of funds from one current account to another in different banks or from one division to another;
• transferring money from a corporate card to a current account in different banks and vice versa;
• purchase/sale of currency (its conversion);
• acquiring (payment by the buyer for his purchase with a plastic bank card through the terminal).

Main transactions for account 57 - Transfers in transit:

		Transfer of proceeds from the cash register to collectors
		Withdrawing cash from a bank account and transferring it to the company's cash desk; transfer of funds for the purpose of purchasing currency; crediting money for a salary project in another bank; transfer of funds from one division to another
		Accounting for currency funds for the purpose of their sale
		Payment for goods sold by bank/corporate card
		Accounting for revenue paid by buyer's card
		Positive exchange rate difference (currency conversion) - other income
		Transfer of funds to the company's cash desk
		Transferring funds to the company's current account
		Purchasing foreign currency
		Bank commission for collection/acquiring agreements
		Negative exchange rate difference (currency conversion) - other expense

An example of how to close account 57 when acquiring

To understand how to close account 57 correctly, it is proposed to solve a practical problem.

Don't know your rights?

Conditions of the problem

The company reflects daily revenue. Goods sold for cash for RUB 310,000, including VAT 18%; Paid through the terminal with a bank card RUB 280,000, including VAT 18%.

The bank's bank commission under the acquiring agreement is 1.8%.

Calculations

1. Total revenue: 310,000 + 280,000 = 590,000 rubles.
2. VAT on revenue: 590,000 / 118 × 18 = 90,000 rubles.
3. Amount of bank commission for acquiring: 280,000 × 1.8 / 100 = 5,040 rubles.
4. The balance of non-cash revenue minus the bank commission: 280,000 - 5,040 = 274,960 rubles.

Solution with postings to account 57

***

The organization's funds in transit are account 57. They are intended to be credited to the current/currency account, as well as to the company's cash desk, but have not yet reached their destination. The account is used for collection, acquiring or buying/selling currency. To account for movement in each specific currency, a separate sub-account is used.

If, for example, cash was transferred to the collector in the evening on the last day of the period, it will be credited to the current account in another period - only on the next day. That is, they will represent a debit balance on account 57 and will be taken into account in the total amount of line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents” of the balance sheet.

In “1C: Accounting 8” (rev. 3.0), starting from version 3.0.42, when moving funds between the organization’s accounts and the cash desk, you can use account 57 “Transfers in transit”. Now, using the accounting policy settings, depending on the accounting requirements existing in the organization and the features of the business process, the user can enable or disable the use of account 57 in bank statements and cash documents.

Previously, in the program, only one option was possible for the transit of funds between the bank and the organization’s cash desk, and it did not provide for the use of account 57. The delivery of cash proceeds to the bank was recorded by posting Debit 51 Credit 50.

In fact, transferring cash to the bank consists of two stages: issuing money to the employee from the cash register and crediting it to the organization’s account. And although these two operations are carried out, as a rule, within one day, they are separated in time. Unforeseen situations are also possible - robbery, accident or simple delay. As a result, money issued in the evening of one day may not appear in the bank until the morning of the next. Here, according to accounting rules, you must use account 57 “Transfers in transit.” And now there is such an opportunity!

In order for transactions to move funds to be reflected in two entries in correspondence with account 57, in the information register Accounting policy on the bookmark Bank and cash desk flag needs to be set Use account 57 “Transfers in transit” when moving funds(Further - ) (Fig. 1). If the flag is removed, then count 57 is not used.

Transfer money between organization accounts

When downloading a bank statement containing transactions for transferring funds from one organization account to another account, the following documents are automatically created:

• Debiting from current account with the type of operation Transfer to another organization account;
• with the type of operation Transfer from another account.

Postings generated by these documents Use account 57 “Transfers on the way” The wiring will look like this:

Debit 57 Credit 51 - for the amount written off from the current account; Debit 51 Credit 57 - for the amount credited to the current account.

Debiting from current account wiring is generated:

Debit 51 Credit 51 - for the amount debited from the current account.

Document Receipt to the current account

Depositing money into a current account

Access to the list of all cash documents in the program is provided via a hyperlink Cash documents from section Bank and cash desk.

The issuance of cash from the enterprise's cash desk is registered using an accounting system document Cash withdrawal with the type of operation Cash deposit to the bank. When a bank statement containing a cash deposit transaction to a current account is loaded into the program, a document is automatically created Receipt to the current account with the type of operation Cash payment Receipt to the current account And Cash withdrawal, depend on the accounting policy settings. When the flag is set Use account 57 “Transfers on the way” The wiring will be as follows (Fig. 2):

Debit 57 Credit 50 - for the amount issued from the cash register; Debit 51 Credit 57 - for the amount credited to the current account.

If the flag is disabled, then when posting a document Cash withdrawal wiring is generated:

Debit 51 Credit 50 - for the amount of money issued from the cash register.

Document Receipt to the current account in this case, no postings are generated.

Withdrawing cash from your account

The receipt of money in the cash register of the enterprise is registered by a document Cash receipt with the type of operation Receiving cash from the bank.

When a bank statement containing an operation to withdraw cash from a current account is loaded into the program, a document is automatically created Debiting from current account with the type of operation Cash withdrawal. Postings generated by documents Debiting from current account And Cash receipt, depend on the accounting policy settings. When the flag is set Use account 57 “Transfers on the way” the wiring will look like this:

Debit 57 Credit 51 - for the amount written off from the current account; Debit 50 Credit 57 - for the amount deposited in the cash register.

When the flag is disabled, the posted document Cash receipt generates the following wiring:

Debit 50 Credit 51

The amount of money deposited into the cash register.

Document Writing off transactions from the current account in this case it does not form. If an organization uses the services of cash collectors, then in the functionality settings (section Main -> Functionality) on the tab Bank and cash desk flag needs to be set Collection(Fig. 3). In documents Receipt to the current account And Cash withdrawal operation type is added Collection, where count 57 is automatically activated.

Learning to enter acquiring transactions (1C: Accounting 8.3, edition 3.0)

2017-06-13T22:31:11+00:00

Today we will learn how to make payments from customers through payment cards (Visa, MasterCard and others).

In another way, such operations are also called acquiring:

Attention! If you do not have the “Payment by payment cards” item, then you need to go to the “Main” section, “Functionality” item and check the “Payment cards” checkbox on the “Bank and cash desk” tab.

In the journal that opens, click the “Create” button:

Our type of operation is naturally “Retail revenue”:

Fill in the date and the warehouse field (with the type manual point of sale):

Create a new payment type:

• Payment type: Payment card
• Name: for example, Visa
• Counterparty: our acquiring bank VTB
• Agreement: Acquiring Agreement (you can also specify the number and date)

Don’t forget to also indicate the percentage of the bank’s commission for acquiring services (1%).

It will turn out like this:

We will indicate the payment amount and post the document:

Let's look at the wiring (DtKt button):

That's right:

62.R(retail buyer) 90.01.1 (revenue) 100,000 (revenue reflected)

57.03 (translations on the way) 62.R(retail buyer) 100,000 (revenue in transit, expected transfer from the acquiring bank to our current account)

According to the statement dated January 2, the money (except for the commission) was transferred to our bank account.

To reflect the receipt of money, let’s go to the just created document “Payment by payment cards” and create on its basis “Receipt to the current account”:

Please note that the program automatically allocated the bank commission (in this case, 1,000 rubles):

And she attributed it to other expenses (account 91.02):

Let’s go through the document and look at the postings (DtKt button):

That's right:

51 (our current account) 57.03 (transfers in transit) 99,000 (payment minus commission credited to our account)

91.02 (other expenses) 57.03 (transfers in transit) 1,000 (acquiring fee costs)

By the way, if the revenue was not retail (62.R), but a regular payment from the buyer (a specific counterparty) - we simply should have selected “Payment from the buyer” as the type of transaction and then everywhere instead of 62.R 62.01 would appear indicating the selected by us the buyer (counterparty).

That's all

By the way, for new lessons...

Sincerely, Vladimir Milkin(teacher