The importance of breathing for a person cannot be overestimated. We may not eat or sleep for days, remain without water for some time, but a person can only remain without air for a few minutes. We breathe without thinking about how we breathe. Meanwhile, our breathing depends on many factors: the state of the environment, any adverse external influences or any damage.

Respiration is a continuous biological process that results in gas exchange between the body and the external environment. The cells of the body need constant energy, the source of which is the products of oxidation processes and the breakdown of organic compounds. Oxygen is involved in all these processes, and the body's cells constantly need its supply. From the air around us, oxygen can penetrate the body through the skin, but only in small quantities, completely insufficient to support life. Its main intake into the body is provided by the respiratory system. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide, a product of respiration. Transport of gases and other substances necessary for the body is carried out using the circulatory system. The function of the respiratory system is simply to supply the blood with sufficient oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from it.

The human respiratory system consists of tissues and organs that provide pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary respiration. The main elements in the structure of the system can be identified-airways both lungs and auxiliary-elements of the musculoskeletal system. The airways include: nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. The lungs consist of bronchioles and alveolar sacs, as well as arteries, capillaries and veins of the pulmonary circulation. Elements of the musculoskeletal system associated with breathing include the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and accessory respiratory muscles.

The most common inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system in medical practice are inflammation of the bronchi.-bronchitis, bronchial asthma and pneumonia- pneumonia.

Bronchitis

There are acute and chronic bronchitis. Acute bronchitis usually develops together with other signs of acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract; the inflammation seems to descend down from the upper respiratory tract to the bronchi. The main symptom of acute bronchitis-cough; at first dry, then with a small amount of sputum. During the examination, the doctor detects scattered dry wheezing on both sides.

Chronical bronchitis-This is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchi. It flows for months and years, periodically, it intensifies, then subsides. Currently, the importance of three risk factors for chronic bronchitis is recognized as undoubted: smoking, pollutants (increased content of dust and gases in the inhaled air) and congenital deficiency of a special protein alpha-1-antitrypsin. Infectious factor-viruses and bacteria cause exacerbation of the disease. Main signs of chronic bronchitis-cough, sputum production, frequent colds.

Examination of patients with chronic bronchitis includes chest x-ray and respiratory function testing using modern computerized devices. X-ray examination is necessary mainly to exclude other diseases of the respiratory system-pneumonia, tumors. When studying pulmonary function, signs of bronchial obstruction are revealed, and the severity of these disorders is established.

Chronic bronchitis with a long course naturally leads to the development of serious complications-emphysema, respiratory failure, peculiar heart damage, bronchial asthma.

Treatment of bronchitis

The most important condition for successful treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis is smoking cessation. It’s never too late to do this, but it’s better to do it earlier, before complications of chronic bronchitis develop. During an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the bronchi, antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents are prescribed. Bronchodilators and expectorants are also prescribed. During the period of subsidence of the process, sanatorium-resort treatment, massage, and physical therapy are especially effective.

Bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma-a chronic disease manifested by periodic attacks of severe difficulty breathing (choking). Modern science considers asthma as a kind of inflammatory process that leads to bronchial obstruction-narrowing of their lumen due to a number of mechanisms:

• spasm of small bronchi;
• swelling of the bronchial mucosa;
• increased secretion of fluid by the bronchial glands;
• increased viscosity of sputum in the bronchi.

Two factors are of great importance for the development of asthma:

1) the patient has allergies-excessive, perverted reaction of the body’s immune system to the entry of foreign antigen proteins into the body;

2) bronchial hyperreactivity, i.e. their increased reaction to any irritants in the form of narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi-proteins, medications, strong odors, cold air.

Both of these factors are due to hereditary mechanisms.

An attack of bronchial asthma has typical symptoms. It begins suddenly or with the appearance of a dry, painful cough, sometimes preceded by a sensation of tickling in the nose, behind the sternum. Choking quickly develops, the patient takes a short breath and then exhales for a long time almost without a pause (exhalation is difficult). During exhalation, dry wheezing sounds (wheezing) can be heard from a distance. The doctor listens for such wheezing when examining a patient. The attack ends on its own or, more often, under the influence of bronchodilators. Choking disappears, breathing becomes freer, phlegm begins to disappear. The number of dry wheezes in the lungs decreases, gradually they completely disappear.

Long-term and insufficiently treated asthma can cause serious complications. They can be divided into pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and they are often combined. Pulmonary complications include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic respiratory failure. Extrapulmonary complications-heart damage, chronic heart failure.

Treatment of bronchial asthma

Treatment of bronchial asthma-a difficult task, it requires the active participation of patients, for whom special “schools” are created, where, under the guidance of doctors and nurses, patients are taught the correct lifestyle and the procedure for using medications.

Whenever possible, it is necessary to eliminate risk factors for the disease: allergens that cause attacks; stop taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, drugs for the treatment of pain, joint diseases); Sometimes a change of climate or a change of place of work helps.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia - This is an inflammatory process in the pulmonary alveoli, the smallest bronchi adjacent to them, and microvessels. Pneumonia is most often caused by bacteria-pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci. More rare pathogens-Legionella, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma. Pneumonia can also be caused by viruses, but here, too, bacteria play a secondary role in inflammation.

Pneumonia more often occurs in people who have had a respiratory viral infection, smokers, alcohol abusers, the elderly and the elderly, against the background of chronic diseases of internal organs. Separately, pneumonia is identified that occurs in severe postoperative patients in hospitals.

According to the prevalence of the pneumonia process, it can be lobar and segmental, when the foci of inflammation are large, and small-focal with multiple small foci of inflammation. They differ in the severity of the symptoms, the severity of the course, and also on what pathogen led to pneumonia. X-ray examination of the lungs helps to accurately determine the extent of the process.

The onset of the disease in macrofocal pneumonia is acute. Chills, headaches, severe weakness, dry cough, chest pain when breathing, shortness of breath occur. The temperature rises significantly and remains at high levels, if the disease is not treated, for 7-8 days. When you cough, sputum streaked with blood first begins to come out. Gradually its quantity increases, it acquires a purulent character. When listening to the lungs, the doctor determines altered bronchial breathing. Blood tests reveal an increase in the number of leukocytes and an acceleration of ESR. X-ray reveals massive shading in the lungs, corresponding to a lobe or segment.

Focal pneumonia is characterized by a milder course. The onset of the disease can be acute or slower, gradual. Patients often indicate that before the first signs of the disease appeared, they suffered from an acute respiratory infection, a cough, and a short-term increase in temperature. There is a cough with mucopurulent sputum, there may be pain in the chest when breathing, shortness of breath. A blood test may show a moderate increase in the number of leukocytes and an acceleration of ESR. X-rays reveal larger or smaller foci of shading, but significantly smaller in size than with macrofocal pneumonia.

Treatment of pneumonia

In severe cases of pneumonia with high fever, severe cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain, hospitalization is necessary. Usually, treatment begins with penicillin injections, and then, depending on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of treatment, antibacterial agents are changed. Painkillers are also given and oxygen is prescribed. Patients with milder forms of pneumonia can be treated at home; antibacterial agents are prescribed orally. In addition to antibacterial agents, chest massage and physical therapy have a good auxiliary effect, especially in the final stages of treatment. It is necessary to treat patients with pneumonia vigorously, achieving normalization of the blood picture and, most importantly, until the radiological signs of inflammation disappear.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by the presence of inflammation. It is this inflammation that plays a key role in the manifestation of clinical signs of the disease; the frequency and duration of the phases of exacerbation and remission depend on its intensity.

The pathogenesis of bronchial asthma consists of immunological and non-immunological factors. The trigger for the development of bronchial hyperreactivity and obstruction is inflammation, which is influenced by various cellular elements (effector cells) and the chemicals they release (mediators). These cellular elements include:

• mast cells;
• T lymphocytes;
• eosinophils;
• neutrophils;
• macrophages.

With prolonged exposure to an allergen on effector cells, a reaction occurs in the form of the release of mediators that cause immediate or delayed inflammation. Accordingly, bronchial inflammation can occur in two phases.

1. Early phase.
   Under the influence of primary effector cells (mast cells) and their main mediators (histamines), a sharp bronchospasm occurs.
2. Late phase.
   In this case, inflammation develops due to the activation of effector blood cells, which are normally not present in the bronchi. These are monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils. They release arachidonic acid metabolites (leukotrienes), which cause swelling and bronchial obstruction.

Under the influence of mediators of secondary effector cells, chronic inflammation of the bronchi occurs, and this determines the duration of bronchial asthma. Their effect on the respiratory tract can manifest itself:

• bronchospasm;
• narrowing of the bronchial lumens due to swelling of the mucous membrane;
• increased vascular permeability;
• hypersecretion of sputum;
• damage to the bronchial epithelium.

Eosinophils and their mediators are also able to penetrate the tissues under the bronchial epithelium, damaging them and making them more accessible to allergens. Thus, an exacerbation of the disease will now occur under the condition of less prolonged and intense contact with the irritant (stimulation with a lower level will be needed for the response of the bronchial tree).

Phases of the asthmatic condition

Bronchial asthma is characterized by a wave-like course: the exacerbation phase is replaced by a remission phase. The duration of these phases may vary.

Outside the exacerbation phase, the disease may not make itself felt at all, or attacks of suffocation occur sporadically and can be stopped independently without difficulty. But achieving remission, especially persistent remission, in which bronchial asthma does not make itself felt for two years or more, is very difficult. To do this, you often have to completely rebuild your life. To prevent exacerbations from occurring, doctors recommend:

• identify the causes of the disease;
• Responsibly and in full undergo the prescribed treatment;
• maintain a hypoallergenic lifestyle;
• eliminate or significantly limit contact with allergens at work;
• follow a diet;
• choose an ecology favorable for living (if it is not possible to live outside a polluted city, then it is necessary to at least periodically travel outside its boundaries or undergo sanatorium treatment by the sea or in the mountains);
• be physically active (go to the pool, wushu or yoga);
• To avoid frequent colds, take measures to strengthen your immune system.

Asthma in the acute phase

Bronchial asthma during exacerbation is characterized by frequent and severe attacks of suffocation. These attacks have two main causes:

• the actual presence of bronchial asthma;
• the presence of factors causing exacerbation, so-called triggers (allergen, viral or bacterial infection, physical or psycho-emotional stress, etc.).

For an exacerbation of the disease to begin, these causes must be present in combination.

Choking during exacerbation of asthma occurs in three periods:

1. The period of harbingers.
   It can start immediately before an attack of suffocation (in a matter of minutes) or long before it (several days or weeks). An “experienced” asthmatic is able to distinguish these warning signs and take preventive treatment in time. Usually, suffocation is preceded by:

• rhinitis;
• sneezing;
• paroxysmal nonproductive cough;
• increased shortness of breath.

This period is optional; sometimes asthmatic attacks occur suddenly, without any warning signs.

1. High period.
   Expiratory suffocation occurs at any time of the day, but more often at night. Regardless of the cause, its signs are:

• a feeling of tightness and constriction in the chest;
• with a short and deep breath, the exhalation is slow, convulsive, difficult;
• wheezing and whistling sounds heard at a distance when exhaling;
• the forced position of the patient during an attack, which he takes in an attempt to alleviate his own serious condition;
• cyanosis, pallor;
• cold sweat;
• increased heart rate (sometimes);
• increase in temperature to subfebrile (sometimes);
• increased blood pressure (sometimes);
• anxiety and fear.

Sometimes asthmatic suffocation is accompanied by a cough with the release of scanty sputum.

Severe, prolonged exacerbation of asthma, in which prolonged attacks occur, resistant to standard relief methods, accompanied by acutely progressive respiratory failure, is called status asthmaticus.

1. Period of reverse development.
   It lasts from a few seconds to several days. At this time, difficulty breathing, a feeling of weakness, loss of strength, drowsiness, and depression may persist.

How to treat worsened asthma?

Treatment of exacerbated bronchial asthma occurs in two stages: outpatient and inpatient.

Outside a pulmonology hospital, a patient with a mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma can be treated only if he is able to adequately assess his condition, is aware of self-help methods and knows how to apply them. He measures external respiration using a peak flow meter. It should be noted that this method of treatment has certain risks. In particular, there is a high likelihood of developing status asthmaticus and even death in certain categories of patients (for example, those who take oral steroid drugs, have mental illness, or do not comply with the treatment plan for bronchial asthma).

Outpatient treatment includes the use of:

• Bronchodilators.

Treatment of bronchial asthma, if it is aggravated by frequent attacks of breathlessness, occurs with bronchodilators such as theophyllines, short-acting beta-agonists, anticholinergics, and hormonal (glucocorticosteroid) drugs.

Glucocorticosteroids, beta-agonists and anticholinergics are available in the form of pocket aerosol inhalers, which should always be on hand for an asthmatic. An example of such a drug is Berotec.

Ventolin or Salbutomol can be breathed through a nebulizer. This device is a must have in the home of an asthmatic.

And theophyllines (Euphylline, Neophylline) are used internally.

• Anti-inflammatory drugs.

These are glucocorticosteroids (betamethasone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, others) that relieve bronchial inflammation, that is, they directly treat asthma during an exacerbation.

Many patients with bronchial asthma are afraid to take hormonal medications due to the risk of adverse reactions. But endocrine, cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases can occur with long-term use of hormones in the form of tablets or injections. Inhaled by inhalation, they act directly on the bronchial tree; adverse reactions occur extremely rarely.

If treatment with glucocorticosteroids is ignored by the patient, this can lead to a worsening of his condition.

• Control drugs.

These include long-acting beta-agonists, which keep the bronchial lumens dilated.

If a patient has a cough after asthmatic attacks, mucolytic drugs (ACC, Bronholitin, Mucaltin and others) will help him ease the expectoration of sputum.

Severe exacerbation of asthma is treated in a hospital.

An asthma exacerbation should not be ignored, even if it is mild. In addition to a significant deterioration in the patient’s condition during this period, complications such as respiratory failure, the development of status asthmaticus, emphysema, cor pulmonale, and the occurrence of pneumothorax are possible.

Video: School of Health. Bronchial asthma

Basic moments

1. Some symptoms of asthma and pneumonia are similar, such as shortness of breath, cough, and increased heart rate and breathing rate.
2. Asthma is a chronic disease. You can manage your symptoms, but there is no cure.
3. The infection causes pneumonia. It's treatable.

Asthma and pneumonia are diseases that affect the lungs.

Asthma is a chronic disease. This causes periodic inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It is not curable, but you can manage it effectively and it may even get better over time.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung. This can happen in part of the lungs or in both lungs. This causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can also cause your lungs to fill with fluid. Pneumonia can be treated and cured.

Although their symptoms are similar, asthma and pneumonia are different diseases that require different treatment approaches.

Association with asthma-pneumonia

People with chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma may be at higher risk of developing pneumonia.

If you have asthma and the flu, your symptoms may be worse. People with asthma and the flu are more likely to get pneumonia than those without asthma.

One treatment for asthma is inhaled corticosteroids. These drugs may increase the risk of respiratory infections and pneumonia.

Symptoms

What are the symptoms?

Asthma and pneumonia are caused by:

• dyspnea
• cough
• increase in heart rate
• increase in breathing rate

But there are also significant differences.

Asthma symptoms

Asthma flare-ups may include coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing. If it progresses, it can speed up your breathing and heart rate. Decreased lung function can make breathing difficult. You may hear a loud whistling sound when you breathe.

Symptoms range from mild to severe. Asthma symptoms can last from a few minutes to many hours. There may be several symptoms between flare-ups.

Possible triggers for asthma symptoms include:

• allergens such as pollen, mold and pet
• chemical vapors
• air pollution
• exercise
• cold, dry weather > Asthma may be more difficult to control if you have other chronic health problems. The risk of an acute attack is higher if you get a cold, flu, or other respiratory infection.

Read more about asthma: the best asthma blogs of the year »

Symptoms of pneumonia

Symptoms of pneumonia may be mild at first. You may think you have a cold. As the infection persists, your cough may produce green, yellow, or bloody mucus.

Other symptoms include:

fever

• headache
• sticky skin
• loss of appetite
• fatigue
• dyspnea
• chest pain that gets worse when you breathe or cough
• Pneumonia can be viral or bacterial. Symptoms of viral pneumonia begin similar to those of the flu and include fever, muscle pain and a dry cough. As it progresses, the cough gets worse and you may produce mucus. Shortness of breath and fever may occur.

If you have bacterial pneumonia, your temperature may reach 105°F. This high temperature can lead to confusion and delirium. Your heart rate and breathing rate may increase. Your nail lips and lips may turn blue due to lack of oxygen.

Causes

What are the causes of asthma and pneumonia?

Researchers aren't sure what exactly causes asthma. There may be an inherited tendency to develop asthma. There may also be environmental factors.

Pneumonia can be caused by various things, such as:

viruses, including influenza viruses

• bacteria
• mycoplasma
• mushrooms
• other infectious agents
• various chemicals > Risk factors
• What are the risk factors?

Anyone can get asthma. Most people begin to experience symptoms during childhood. Risk factors for asthma include:

family history of asthma

personal history of respiratory infections or allergies

• exposure to airborne allergens, chemicals or smoke
• Anyone can get pneumonia. Having asthma may increase your risk of developing pneumonia. Smoking may also increase the risk of pneumonia. Other risk factors include:
• have recently had a respiratory infection such as a cold or flu

chronic lung disease

• heart disease
• diabetes
• liver disease
• cerebral palsy > a neurological condition that affects swallowing
• weakened immune system
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• Diagnostics
• How are asthma and pneumonia diagnosed?

If you have asthma symptoms, your doctor will want to get a complete medical history. The physical examination will include examining your nose, throat, and airways.

Your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs as you breathe. A whistling sound is a sign of asthma. You may also be asked to inhale on a spirometer to check your lung function. They may also perform allergy tests.

If your symptoms indicate pneumonia, your doctor will likely start by listening to your lungs. One of the hallmark signs of pneumonia is that your lungs crackle when you breathe. In most cases, a chest x-ray can confirm the diagnosis. If necessary, a chest scan can provide a more detailed view of lung function.

You may also need blood work to make sure you are getting enough oxygen and getting your white blood cell count up. Checking your mucus can help your doctor determine what type of pneumonia you have.

What are the treatments for asthma and pneumonia?

Asthma requires both short-term treatment and long-term management. In most cases, doctors can treat and cure pneumonia within a short time.

Asthma treatment

Asthma is a chronic disease that requires ongoing management. You should get treatment for flare-ups of symptoms quickly. An acute asthma attack is a medical hazard.

If you can identify symptom triggers, you can try to avoid them. Allergies may also help.

You can also test your lung function with a pocket peak flow meter. When symptoms flare, you may use inhaled beta-2 agonists or anticholinergics to widen the airways.

If you have severe asthma, you may need to use daily medications to prevent attacks. These may include inhaled or oral corticosteroids, long-term beta-2 agonists, or sublingual tablets, which are a type of immunotherapy.

Treatment of pneumonia

If you are in good general condition, home treatment may be all you need. Home care should include getting plenty of rest, drinking plenty of fluids to loosen phlegm, and using over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen to control fevers. However, you should not give aspirin to children.

Coughing can be debilitating, but it is your body's way of clearing infection. Ask your doctor before taking cough medicine.

Your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine for viral pneumonia or antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia.

Treatment may be difficult if you have other health problems, are under 5 years of age, or are over 65 years of age. People with severe pneumonia may require hospitalization. You may need:

intravenous fluids

antibiotics

medicine for joint pain

• oxygen therapy or other breathing assistance
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• Outlook
• Outlook

control and successfully manage asthma. Most people with asthma live full, active lives.

It takes one to three weeks to fully recover from pneumonia. It may take much longer if you are in poor general health.

In severe cases or without treatment, both conditions can be life-threatening.

Prevention

Can asthma and pneumonia be prevented?

Asthma cannot be prevented. However, good health can reduce asthma attacks.

You may get a vaccination for a type of bacterial pneumonia called pneumococcal pneumonia. Doctors recommend this vaccine for certain people who are at risk of developing the disease. Ask your doctor if you should get the vaccine.

You can also reduce your risk of contracting pneumonia:

Wash your hands regularly to reduce the spread of germs

don't smoke because tobacco use can make it difficult for your lungs to fight infection >maintain a healthy diet

residence

• practicing good sleep hygiene to help your body heal faster if you are sick
• Monitor your symptoms carefully if you have severe asthma

The most important component of the treatment of pneumonia are measures aimed at maintaining the functions of the immune system.

General principles of treatment of pneumonia

Pneumonia (or pneumonia) is a dangerous and unpredictable disease that is an inflammation of the lung tissue.

The most common cause of pneumonia is a bacterial infection. Pneumonia can be caused by the action of pneumococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, streptococci, mycoplasma and other pathogenic microorganisms. Pneumonia can also occur due to viral or fungal infection of the lungs.

The basis of treatment for pneumonia, as a rule, is antibiotic therapy, which is carried out for 7-14 days, depending on the course of the disease and the nature of the pathogenic agent. Pneumonia is always accompanied by severe intoxication of the body, which requires appropriate therapy using drugs that help eliminate toxic substances. In addition, for pneumonia, taking antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and expectorant drugs may be indicated.

Pneumonia and immunity

Why is a weak immune system dangerous?

Pneumonia often develops against a background of weakened immunity, when the body is not able to effectively resist microorganisms. In this case, pathogenic pathogens (most often pneumococci and staphylococci) penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, provoking the development of an inflammatory process in the lungs. As a rule, with a weakened immune system, pneumonia is severe and long-lasting, which requires a lot of effort from the patient and doctors. Antibiotics also add fuel to the fire. Unfortunately, if pneumonia is bacterial in nature (which is often the case), then it is impossible to do without antibiotics, such as flemoxin and others. It is known that these drugs have many side effects, but they also bring enormous benefits. Taking antibiotics can lead to changes in the composition of the normal intestinal microflora, suppress the immune system, and also negatively affect the condition of the liver, which generally reduces the body's resistance. In this regard, it is very important to carry out immunomodulatory and immunostimulating therapy in parallel with the main treatment of pneumonia. This will avoid severe complications of pneumonia, as well as achieve a speedy recovery of the patient.

Folk remedies and vitamins

In addition to drug treatment of pneumonia, you can use herbal infusions, the effect of which is aimed at strengthening the immune system and increasing the body's resistance to infections.

Medicinal plants such as rose hips, lingonberry and black currant leaves, raspberries, mint, thyme and others have good immunomodulatory properties. To increase immunity, it is also useful to take one teaspoon of a mixture of propolis and butter before meals. At the recovery stage, you can carry out inhalations with decoctions of birch buds, eucalyptus, chamomile and other medicinal herbs.

As is known, for the normal functioning of the immune system, a sufficient intake of vitamins and microelements into the body is necessary, mainly vitamin C, E, A, B vitamins, as well as zinc, calcium, iron and other biologically active substances. For these purposes, the doctor may prescribe special vitamin and mineral complexes to the patient.

Immunomodulators for pneumonia

One of the most highly effective ways to strengthen the immune system is to take immunomodulators - special agents that have a regulating effect on the immune system. Currently, the pharmaceutical market offers a large number of both synthetic and natural (natural) immunomodulators. Among all the variety of drugs, it can sometimes be difficult to make the right choice. Doctors recommend giving preference to natural remedies, since they lead to almost no side effects and have a gentle effect on the body. One of these means is Esberitox. This is a natural German drug, the active ingredients of which are extracts of medicinal plants. Esberitox increases the body's defenses, which contributes to a speedy recovery of the patient not only with pneumonia, but also with other infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.

Part Esberitox includes the following components:

Extract of Echinacea purpurea roots and Echinacea pallida roots - increases the phagocytic activity of immune cells, and also activates nonspecific immunity;

Baptisia tinctalis rhizome extract - promotes the rapid development of the immune response and stimulates the production of B-lymphocytes;

Extract of young shoots and leaves of thuja - has a pronounced antiviral effect.

Esberitox can be given to children from 4 years old. The drug does not contain any flavoring additives, preservatives or dyes. Safety Esberitox confirmed by numerous clinical studies.