Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin B1, used to compensate for its deficiency in the body, as well as in the treatment of certain diseases.

Release form and composition

Available in the form of capsules, solution and tablets.

Indications for use

It is used to compensate for the deficiency of the substance of the same name in the body if the patient has an increased need for it, excessive loss or insufficient intake. In addition, this remedy is also used in the treatment of a number of diseases.

The drug is used in the complex treatment of diseases of the nervous system, among which are polyneuritis, neuritis, radiculitis, paralysis, peripheral paresis, and neuralgia.

Vitamin B1 is widely used in dermatology in the treatment of skin itching, neurogenic dermatoses, psoriasis, pyoderma, and eczema.

It is also used in the complex treatment of diseases of the digestive system, among which are gastric and duodenal ulcers, liver diseases, and intestinal atony.

In the process of sufficiently prolonged mental and physical stress, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in patients on hemodialysis, the need for vitamin B1 increases.

Contraindications

Do not prescribe if the patient has intolerance to its components.

Instructions for use Thiamine (method and dosage)

Can be used in various ways: orally, intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The dosage of the drug in the form of Thiamine hydrochloride for an adult patient is 25-50 mg once a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is 10 - 30 days.

When taken orally for moderately severe chronic hypovitaminosis, use 10-25 mg 1 time / day or in divided doses. For severe hypovitaminosis, the daily dose can be up to 300 mg.

Side effects

It is well tolerated by patients, but in some cases it can provoke the development of allergic reactions in the form of skin itching, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and in rare cases, anaphylactic shock.

When administering this drug parenterally, side effects may be more pronounced than when taking the drug orally. In some cases, patients may experience rapid heartbeat and sweating during treatment.

Overdose

Information is absent.

Analogs

Analogs by ATC code: Vitamin B1, Thiamine-Vial, Thiamine chloride, Thiamine chloride solution for injection.

Do not decide to change the drug on your own; consult your doctor.

pharmachologic effect

Thiamine in the body is converted into coenzyme cocarboxylase, which is part of a large number of enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions. Vitamin B1 is directly involved in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Thus, this substance regulates metabolism and also has a positive effect on the functioning of the entire body in the presence of various pathological processes.

Thiamine has a unique ability to influence the conduction of nervous excitation in synapses, while improving it. This becomes possible due to changes in membranes at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in a moderate ganglion-blocking effect.

Vitamin B1 protects cells from the destructive effects of oxygen radicals. Thus, the drug has antioxidant properties.

After this drug enters the blood, it spreads into the tissues, with approximately half entering the muscles. Thiamine is excreted in urine and feces. Due to the fact that the vitamin is water-soluble, it does not accumulate in the body and is eliminated fairly quickly.

special instructions

Due to the low pH, parenteral injections are painful.

Allergic reactions to the administration of thiamine occur more often in individuals predisposed to allergies.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation according to indications in recommended doses.

In childhood

Information is absent.

In old age

Information is absent.

Drug interactions

Vitamins B1, B6 and B12 should not be administered at the same time - this will help reduce their medicinal effect and also increase the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction.

It is unacceptable to use the drug and nicotinic acid in the same syringe.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Information is absent.

Storage conditions and periods

Store in a place protected from light.

Price in pharmacies

Thiamine price for 1 package from 30 rubles.

Attention!

The description posted on this page is a simplified version of the official version of the annotation for the drug. The information is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute a guide for self-medication. Before using the medicine, you must consult a specialist and read the instructions approved by the manufacturer.

Gross formula

C 12 H 17 ClN 4 OS

Pharmacological group of the substance Thiamine

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

59-43-8

Pharmacology

pharmachologic effect- immunostimulating, antioxidant, metabolic, ganglion-blocking, replenishing vitamin B 1 deficiency.

It is phosphorylated to form thiamine pyrophosphate, which mediates the numerous effects of thiamine. After oral administration, it is absorbed mainly in the duodenum and small intestine. Quickly and completely absorbed by intramuscular injection. Distributed throughout all tissues. Approximately 1 mg is metabolized daily. The daily requirement for vitamin B 1 for adult men is from 1.2 to 2.1 mg; for elderly people - 1.2-1.4 mg; for women - 1.1-1.5 mg with the addition of 0.4 mg for pregnant women and 0.6 mg for lactating women; for children, depending on age, 0.3-1.5 mg. In the form of thiamine pyrophosphate, as a coenzyme of numerous decarboxylases, it is involved in the metabolism of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate and plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. Protects cell membranes from the toxic effects of peroxidation products.

Application of the substance Thiamine

Hypovitaminosis and vitamin B1 deficiency (including in patients on tube feeding, hemodialysis, suffering from malabsorption syndrome), reduced intake of the vitamin into the body - impaired absorption in the intestines, fasting, chronic alcoholism, severe liver dysfunction, thyrotoxicosis, increased need for vitamin - pregnancy, lactation, period of intensive growth; neuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, peripheral paresis or paralysis, intestinal atony, myocardial dystrophy, dermatoses, lichen, psoriasis, eczema, intoxication.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Side effects of the substance Thiamine

Allergic reactions - Quincke's edema, urticaria, itching.

Interaction

Weakens the effect of depolarizing muscle relaxants (ditilin, etc.). Pyridoxine inhibits the conversion of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate and increases allergization. Pharmaceutically incompatible (in one syringe) with penicillin, streptomycin, nicotinic acid.

Routes of administration

Inside, parenterally.

Interactions with other active ingredients

Trade names

Name	The value of the Vyshkowski Index ®
	0.006

Thiamine hydrochloride (thiamine)

Composition and release form of the drug

Solution for intramuscular administration in the form of a transparent, colorless or slightly colored liquid with a weak characteristic odor.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to thiamine.

Dosage

Injected deeply intramuscularly or slowly intravenously 1 time/day. A single dose for adults is 25-50 mg. The course of treatment varies from 10 to 30 days.

When taken orally for moderately severe chronic hypovitaminosis, use 10-25 mg 1 time / day or in divided doses. For severe hypovitaminosis, the daily dose can be up to 300 mg.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching, ; in isolated cases - anaphylactic shock.

Others: sweating, tachycardia.

Drug interactions

The physiological function of vitamins B 1 and B 6 is to potentiate each other’s action, manifested in a positive effect on the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular systems.

Ethanol sharply reduces the absorption of thiamine (the concentration in the blood can decrease by 30%).

Long-term treatment with anticonvulsants can lead to thiamine deficiency.

Thiamine completely decomposes in solutions containing sulfites.

Thiamine is unstable in alkaline and neutral solutions; administration with carbonates, citrates, barbiturates, and copper preparations is not recommended.

special instructions

Allergic reactions to the administration of thiamine occur more often in individuals predisposed to allergies.

SC (and sometimes IM) injections of thiamine are painful due to the low pH of the solutions.

Vitamin B (Thiamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that does not accumulate in the body and is not toxic. The history of the discovery of this vitamin is generally interesting and important for the history of vitamins in general. After all, giving vitamin B1 the name “thiamine” is precisely...

Vitamin B (Thiamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that does not accumulate in the body and is not toxic. The history of the discovery of this vitamin is generally interesting and important for the history of vitamins in general. After all, assigning the name “thiamine” to vitamin B1 led to the appearance of the word vitamin. “Vita” means “life”, and “amine” means “nitrogen-containing compound”. Let's take a closer look at how this happened.

Its history is closely related to the disease beriberi, which is widespread mainly in the East. If we translate the name, it means “I can’t, I can’t”; this disease is accompanied by serious muscle wasting, which leads to heart failure and mental disorder. Beriberi in children is characterized by bloating, convulsions, vomiting and lack of appetite.

For the first time in the 7th century, a classical description of this disease appeared, its author was Chao-Yang-Fang Wu-Chin. Dutch doctors, who were Eichmann and Greens, were able to demonstrate in 1897 that the symptom of beriberi could be caused in chickens by feeding them polished rice as feed, since it does not contain vitamin B1.

Scientist Casimir Funk in 1912 isolated a factor that prevents the occurrence of beriberi disease from rice bran extract and called it “amine.” And thanks to Robert Williams, the chemical formula of the vitamin and its name - “thiamine” appeared. Just a year later, in 1937, the first industrial production of vitamin B1 (thiamine) began.

It is also called the vitamin of optimism. It helps the body grow and develop normally, so that the cardiovascular and digestive systems work properly, and participates in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

Action of thiamine

Thanks to vitamin B1, nerve cells receive their daily requirement of glucose during metabolism. But if there is little thiamine, then the nerve cells begin to grow, “pulling out” their nerve endings, independently trying to get glucose from the blood. Deformed and overgrown cells need even more glucose.

As the layer of nerve cells grows, it becomes thinner and less protective, and because of this, “exposed nerves” begin to be damaged. That is why, thanks to thiamine, the nervous system continues to function normally and does not undergo negative changes.

Thiamine, in addition to helping nerve cells, also prevents brain cells from aging, preserves a person’s memory and attention throughout life, and supports a person’s mental activity. A deficiency of thiamine may result in Alzheimer's disease.

Interaction of vitamin B1 with other drugs

The interaction of thiamine and vitamin B12 lowers cholesterol levels, prevents excess fat from accumulating and neutralizes toxins.

Choline is an antagonist. Sulfonamides and alcohol-containing drugs interfere with the proper absorption of thiamine.

Simultaneous intramuscular administration with streptomycin, cyanocobalamin, penicillin, pyridoxine and nicotinic acid is not recommended. The level of thiamine in the body is significantly reduced by the following drugs: alcohol-containing medications, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, antacids.

Magnesium is needed to convert into the active form.

What foods contain vitamin B1:

So, thiamine is found in oatmeal, peas, buckwheat, walnuts and all other nuts, wholemeal bread, fatty pork, beef, fish, poultry, liver, eggs, legumes, rice bran and sprouted wheat, some fruits and berries .

Daily dose of vitamin B1

For an adult, the daily dose is considered to be 1.2 - 2.6 mg per day.

The need for taking this vitamin increases significantly (almost 10 times) during physical or strong mental stress.

Indications for use

1. Hypovitaminosis or vitamin B1 deficiency;
2. Diseases of the nervous system (neuritis, polyneuritis, peripheral paralysis, etc.);
3. Skin itching, dermatoses, psoriasis, pyoderma, eczema;
4. Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
5. Use of diuretics (for heart failure, hypertension);
6. Depression;
7. Endocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus, obesity, thyrotoxicosis);
8. Organic dysfunctions of the body;
9. Diseases of the digestive system;
10. Contact with carbon disulfide and tetraethyl lead.

Hypovitaminosis (consequences of deficiency)

1. Brain dysfunction;
2. Irritability and depression;
3. Damage to the nervous system;
4. Paralysis;
5. Impaired functioning of the digestive tract;
6. Insomnia;
7. Memory impairment;
8. Decreased appetite;
9. Fatigue;
10. Diarrhea or constipation;
11. Reducing body weight;
12. Pain and numbness of the limbs.

Hypovitaminosis most often occurs in people who drink alcohol, cigarettes, refined sugar, and instant coffee.

It is impossible to get excess thiamine, since it is a water-soluble vitamin and is excreted from the body. An overdose can only occur if a person is given an injection of synthetic thiamine, a dose of 100 mg or more. The following side effects may occur: allergic reaction, cramps, fever, low blood pressure. With long-term use - disruption of the liver and kidneys.

Good day, dear visitors of the project “Good IS!” ", section " "!

In today's article I will tell you about such a useful and necessary vitamin for humans as Vitamin B1, as well as its significance in our daily lives. So…

Vitamin B1 , aka "Thiamin" ( English Thiamine) - water-soluble, playing an important role in the processes of metabolism (metabolism) of fats, carbohydrates and others. Thiamine is essential for normal growth and development, and it also helps maintain proper functioning of the heart, nervous and digestive systems.

Previously, thiamine had a different name - "Aneurin".

Thiamine- a colorless crystalline substance, highly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. In acidic aqueous solutions it is very resistant to heat, in alkaline solutions it is quickly destroyed.

Systematic name of thiamine: 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl) methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-thiazole.

Empirical Thiamine Formula: C12H17N4OS.

- thiamine pyrophosphate - is formed in the human body and is a precursor of enzymes that play a significant role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and, in particular, in the processes of decarboxylation of pyruvic acid, -keto acids.

Vitamin B1 was discovered by the Dutch chemist and biochemist Barend Konrad Petrus Jansen, together with his colleague William Frederick Donat, in 1926, in the form of a crystalline form from rice bran. The founder of such a concept as “vitamins” was the Dutch pathologist Christian Eijkman, who investigated the cause of the “beriberi” disease.

Functions of Vitamin B1

Vitamin B1 is necessary for the oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids (pyruvic and lactic), the synthesis of acetylcholine, it is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and associated energy, fat, protein, water-salt metabolism, has a regulatory effect on trophism (the set of cellular nutrition processes that ensure vital activity cells). Being a water-soluble compound, vitamin B1 is not stored in the body and does not have toxic properties.

Thiamine improves blood circulation and is involved in hematopoiesis.

Thiamine optimizes cognitive activity and brain function. It has a positive effect on energy levels, growth, normal appetite, learning ability and is essential for muscle tone in the digestive tract, stomach and heart. Thiamine acts as an antioxidant, protecting the body from the destructive effects of aging, alcohol and tobacco.

With insufficient intake of thiamine, pyruvic and lactic acids accumulate in tissues, the synthesis of acetylcholine is disrupted, as a result of which the functions of a number of systems deteriorate, primarily the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive.

- for the treatment of organic brain dysfunctions: organic brain damage syndrome, treatment of depression and other mental illnesses.

- There is evidence of the preventive effect of thiamine against Alzheimer's disease.

- for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system:
And ;
accompanied by disturbances in the motor and secretory functions of the stomach;
chronic with malabsorption syndrome (celiac enteropathy, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, radiation enteritis);
;
;
chronic pancreatitis with secretory insufficiency;
diseases of the operated stomach;
.

— for metabolic disorders and diseases of the endocrine system (,).

- as an antioxidant, protecting the body from the destructive effects of aging, alcohol and tobacco.

It is also advisable to use thiamine during industrial contact with carbon disulfide, tetraethyl lead, and when working in hot shops.

Natural

Vegetable: Bread and bakery products made from wholemeal flour, cereals (raw rice, oatmeal), wheat sprouts, rice bran, field mustard, vegetables (asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, potatoes, carrots), legumes (peas, beans), nuts, oranges, soybeans, raisins, plums, prunes, fruits. Berries (wild strawberries, swamp blueberries, black currants, sea buckthorn). Brewer's yeast, algae (spirulina, kelp). Herbs (alfalfa, parsley, raspberry leaf, clover, sorrel, burdock root, catnip, cayenne pepper, fennel seeds, chamomile, fenugreek, hops, oat straw, spinach).

Animals: Meat (beef), liver, poultry, egg yolk, fish.

Synthesis in the body: Synthesized by certain types of bacteria (microflora) of the colon.

Chemical

- tablets 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg (thiamine chloride);
- tablets 2.58 mg, 6.45 mg, 12.9 mg (thiamine bromide);
- 100 mg film-coated tablets (thiamine chloride);
— capsules 100 mg.

Amount of Vitamin B1 in Some Foods

Products	Content(mg/100g)	Products	Content(mg/100g)
A pineapple	0,08	Red carrots	0,06
Orange	0,04	Whole wheat flour	0,55
Peanut	1,14	Pecans	0,84
Eggplant	0,04	Lamb liver	0,41
Banana	0,04	Beef liver	0,30
Sliced ​​loaf	0,15	Tomatoes	0,06
Beef	0,06	Beef kidneys	0,36
Green peas	0,34	Millet	0,73
Walnuts	0,33	Wheat bran	0,72
Buckwheat	0,60	Cleaned rice	1,84
Pear	0,02	Zucchini seeds	0,24
Wild rice	0,45	Sunflower seeds	1,96
Pressed yeast	0,60	Pumpkin seeds	0,24
Wheat grains	0,55	Beef heart	0,63
Rye grains	0,43	Dry soybeans	1,10
Potato	0,12	Soybeans	0,94
Fresh chestnuts	0,23	Fat cottage cheese	0,05
Pine nuts	1,24	Beans	0,50
Oatmeal	0,60	Pistachios	0,67
Rice groats	0,08	Hazelnut	0,46
Corn porridge	0,38	Garlic	0,25
	0,04	Rose hip	0,05
Bulb onions	0,05	Sprats in oil	0,03
Pasta	0,17	Summer apples	0,01
Almond	0,24	Chicken egg (yolk)	0,18
Cow's milk	0,04	Chicken egg (white)	footprints
Powdered milk	0,27

Dosages of vitamin B1

Thiamine bromide and thiamine chloride are used for medicinal purposes. Both preparations have a faint characteristic yeast odor.

The drugs are used orally (after meals) and parenterally.

Doses of thiamine bromide are usually used in larger doses than thiamine chloride: 1 mg of thiamine chloride is equivalent in activity to 1.29 mg of thiamine bromide.

Oral doses of thiamine chloride for adults are 0.01 g (10 mg) 1-3 times daily. Children under 3 years of age - 0.005 g (5 mg) every other day, 3-8 years - 3 times a day every other day, over 8 years - 0.01 g 1-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 30 days.

In case of malabsorption in the intestine and if it is necessary to quickly create high concentrations of vitamin B1 in the blood, it is administered intramuscularly: for adults, 0.025-0.05 g of thiamine chloride or 0.03-0.06 g of thiamine bromide once a day; children - 0.0125 g of thiamine chloride or 0.015 g of thiamine bromide. The course of treatment is 10-30 injections.

Side effects of taking vitamin B1

Thiamine is generally well tolerated. Subcutaneous injections are painful due to the low pH of solutions.

In rare cases (usually with parenteral administration) possible (skin itching, Quincke's edema). The most severe reactions can be observed with intravenous administration of thiamine.

Allergic reactions more often develop in menopausal women and people suffering from alcoholism.

Vitamin B1 is contraindicated in persons with a history of drug intolerance.

Symptoms of vitamin B1 overdose

Parenteral administration of vitamin B1 in large doses can cause, due to the ability of thiamine, nonspecific degranulation of mast cells.

An overdose of vitamin B1 increases the activity of acetylcholine, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis.

Long-term administration of excessive doses of vitamin B1 can lead to incoordination of liver enzyme systems and its fatty degeneration, and impaired renal function.

Important! Anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis is an immediate allergic reaction, a state of sharply increased sensitivity of the body that develops when the allergen is re-introduced. One of the most dangerous complications of drug allergies, ending in death in approximately 10-20% of cases.

Interaction of vitamin B1 with other substances

Sulfonamides, as well as alcohol-containing preparations, interfere with the normal absorption of vitamin B1. Thiamine antagonist is.

Antibiotics, medications containing sulfur, oral contraceptives, and antacids can reduce the level of thiamine in the body.

To convert thiamine into its active form, it is necessary.