A woman has a nagging pain in her lower abdomen. Pain in the lower abdomen in women: causes, nature of treatment

Factors that provoke the development of acute pain in women in the lower abdomen can be divided into organic and functional.

What causes sharp pain in the lower abdomen in women, and what measures to take to avoid suffering from this “disease” - we will tell you in our article.

Especially if sudden severe abdominal pain occurs during pregnancy, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance for hospitalization and treatment. The main causes of severe pain in the lower abdomen in women without pregnancy

Pain at the bottom belly at women- the most common complaint in gynecological practice.

Lower abdominal pain in women can be caused by a number of reasons. These include diseases of the abdominal organs, genital organs, and spine. Pain in the lower abdomen can also appear as a result of muscle spasms in internal organs and inflammatory processes. As you can see, there are many reasons that can provoke the appearance of painful sensations in the lower abdomen; the nature of the pain, as well as the location of the painful sensations, can be varied. In order to determine the cause of pain, it is necessary to take into account the presence of accompanying symptoms.

One of the most basic symptoms in gynecology is pain in the lower abdomen in women. Most often, its cause is certain inflammatory processes occurring in the pelvic organs (adnexitis - acute or chronic, endometritis, cystitis, etc.), and unpleasant sensations can also be associated with diseases of the spine (sciatica, neuritis, intervertebral hernia), proctological pathologies.

Causes of lower abdominal pain in women:

Organic

diseases of the genital organs - inflammatory (oophoritis, salpingitis, endometritis, etc.), as well as characterized by any neoplasms (uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, polyps, etc.).
use of intrauterine contraceptives (for example, using an IUD beyond its service life),
diseases of neighboring organs (cystitis, appendicitis, cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, kidney stones, hemorrhoids, proctitis, etc.),
obstetric problems (ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, pain after abortion, against the background of any pathologies during pregnancy),

Functional(menstrual irregularities, pain during ovulation).

Types of pain in the lower abdomen

Depending on the cause and other associated factors, this symptom can be of a different nature:

Throbbing,
Constant,
Paroxysmal,
Blunt,
Sharp, strong,

Also different is the appearance of unpleasant sensations (sharp or gradual), their localization (left or right, higher or lower), the presence of irradiation (radiates to the anus, lower back, spreads to the entire abdominal cavity).

Pain in the lower abdomen on the right, especially if they are paroxysmal in nature, may be evidence of appendicitis. If a symptom occurs sharp, this indicates an acute inflammatory process, torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst, rupture of a neoplasm, internal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy or a similar problem. In this case, other signs of deterioration of the condition (nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness, etc.) may also be observed. In cases where the intensity of sensations increases gradually or occurs periodically, most likely, we are talking about a chronic disease.

Pain in the lower abdomen with adnexitis

The intensity differs from the stage of inflammation - severe pain occurs during an acute process, then subside and reminds itself in cases of relapse (after hypothermia, stress, against the background of concomitant diseases). Depending on which side the appendages are affected, sensations can be localized on the right, left, or both sides. Often the pain radiates to the sacrum and lower back. Read more about the symptoms of adnexitis.

Associated symptoms

Lower abdominal pain in women may be accompanied by other symptoms that can help with differential diagnosis, although not all of them are specific:

Extramenstrual bleeding - this combination indicates various inflammations of the genital organs,
The presence of blood in the urine, urination disorders (pain, cramps, frequency) - inflammatory diseases of the urinary system,
Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
Feverish state, increased body temperature,
Copious vaginal discharge (purulent, bloody, foamy, yellow, green, etc.),
Fainting, vascular collapse - may be associated with intra-abdominal bleeding.

Diagnosis and treatment

To eliminate pain in the lower abdomen, you first need to reliably determine its cause. For this purpose, a medical examination, palpation is carried out, and laboratory and instrumental methods are also used:

Blood tests (general, clinical, ESR)
Smear analysis,
Laparoscopy, etc.

Treatment directly depends on the cause of the symptom; in severe cases, hospitalization is required. If necessary, not only gynecologists are involved, but also doctors of other specialties (urologists, therapists, proctologists, surgeons, etc.).

If hurts in the lower abdomen, and at the same time there is bloody discharge from the genital tract (not menstruation), this may indicate the presence of diseases of the genital organs. In this case, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist as soon as possible. A specialist will help determine the true cause of pain and prescribe appropriate treatment.

If nagging pain in the lower abdomen accompanied by symptoms such as chills and fever, this may indicate the presence of infections in the pelvic area. If you have these symptoms, you should also consult a doctor as soon as possible and undergo the necessary tests. In this case, symptoms such as abnormal discharge from the genitals (too abundant, bloody, purulent, etc.) may also be observed.

In case if pain in the lower abdomen on the right side, and the pain is acute and repeated with a certain frequency, we can talk about damage to the appendix and appendicitis. In this case, surgical intervention is necessary.

With diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pain in the lower abdomen may appear, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and lack of appetite. If these symptoms are severe, you must call an ambulance.

Intra-abdominal bleeding may also be accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. In this case, symptoms such as frequent fainting and vascular collapse are added to the painful sensations in this area. Contacting a medical facility is mandatory.

With pathology of the urinary tract, not only the lower abdomen hurts, but also very specific symptoms are observed, such as lower back pain, frequent and painful urination, and blood in the urine. If these symptoms appear, you must consult a nephrologist and undergo an examination.

The onset of menstruation can also cause pain. If the pain is severe, you can take a painkiller. It is also recommended to consult a gynecologist.

Separately, we should talk about painful sensations, occurring during pregnancy. First of all, acute attacks of pain in the lower abdomen may indicate the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. However, even if pregnancy proceeds normally, a woman may still experience pain in this area. It has been noted that almost all women who are in an interesting position feel pain in the lower abdomen. This should not be a cause for concern, since pain in this case is only the body’s reaction to a rapidly growing belly. And yet, if you feel that your stomach hurts during pregnancy, you need to inform the doctor who is monitoring the pregnancy about this, because the causes of the pain may be different. These are diseases of the digestive system, systematic constipation, infectious diseases of the urinary tract. In this case, the woman is prescribed treatment in accordance with her situation.

Pain in the lower abdomen during pregnancy conditionally divided into two groups: obstetric and non-obstetric. The group of obstetric pains includes pain that occurs during placental abruption and the threat of miscarriage. In this case, the woman should adhere to a special regime, that is, give up excessive physical activity, heavy lifting, and an active lifestyle. If the problem is pronounced, it is recommended to go to a hospital, where the woman will be prescribed the necessary treatment. Non-obstetric pain in the lower abdomen is pain associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and certain surgical diseases. Here, a woman also needs specialist advice.

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Content

The appearance of pain in the abdominal cavity requires serious attention. If a woman develops acute life-threatening symptoms, urgent hospitalization is necessary. The reasons why the lower abdomen may hurt are often related to the physiological characteristics of the female body. To make a correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment, it is necessary to understand the signs that accompany pain in various pathologies. This will help provide timely assistance.

What is lower abdominal pain in women?

The appearance of pain in the lower part of the abdominal cavity may be associated with the development of pathological processes. The source of pain is irritation of the nerve endings that are located in the internal organs and in the tissues surrounding them. Below, in the pelvic area, are located:

organs of the female reproductive system;
part of the large intestine;
bladder;
rectum.

When a woman has pain in her lower abdomen, the question arises: which doctor should she consult? Acute symptoms require immediate calling an ambulance. In case of pain, the help of a surgeon, gastroenterologist, urologist and gynecologist is often required. When contacting the clinic, it is important to correctly describe your feelings. The following types of pain occur:

pulsating;
paroxysmal;
aching;
pulling;
cramping;
cutting;
dull;
spicy.

Equally important in the description is the duration of symptoms in time and the frequency of their occurrence. Pay attention to the fact that pain can radiate to other parts of the body and intensify during movement. The appearance of accompanying signs is taken into account:

high temperature;
discharge from the genitals;
painful urination;
pressure drop;
bleeding;
weaknesses;
nausea;
diarrhea;
chills;
vomiting.

Causes of pain

When the lower abdomen hurts in women, the provoking factors may be inflammatory processes in the abdominal organs. This condition is also caused by intestinal overcrowding, hunger cramps, and oncological pathologies. Pain syndrome is caused by:

cholelithiasis;
diverticulosis;
helminthic infestations;
intestinal obstruction;
tumor development;
appendicitis;
intestinal colic;
poisoning;
stomach ulcer;
cholecystitis;
gastritis;
peritonitis;
pancreatitis;
pinched hernia.

Often, a woman’s lower abdomen ache due to pathologies of the reproductive system. Unpleasant symptoms may accompany sexual intercourse and emptying the bladder. Painful sensations are associated with the following reasons:

taking contraceptives;
carrying out diagnostic curettage;
congenital underdevelopment of the genital organs;
pregnancy pathologies;
uterine fibroids;
inflammation of the appendages;
HPV (human papillomavirus);
ectopic pregnancy;
placental abruption;
abortion;
menopause

Among the provoking factors that result in aching in the lower abdominal cavity are pathologies of the urinary system: pyelonephritis, cystitis, kidney stones. Painful sensations in women are caused by:

metabolic disease;
long-term use of antibiotics;
injury to intervertebral discs;
viral diseases;
neoplasms;
genital infections – trichomoniasis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, gonorrhea;
decreased immunity;
hypothermia;
surgical interventions;
use of drugs, alcohol;
diabetes;
obesity;
thrush;
stress

Pulling

Pathological changes in the functioning of the pelvic organs cause nagging, aching pain in a woman’s lower abdomen. Doctors identify organic and functional reasons for their appearance. The first include:

endometriosis (growth of the inner layer of the uterine wall);
ovarian cyst;
uterine fibroids;
inflammation of the appendages;
scars after operations;
colpitis (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa);
ovarian apoplexy (rupture with hemorrhage);
sexual infections;
cauterization of erosion;
use of an intrauterine device;
chronic kidney and bladder diseases.

Pain can accompany physiological processes occurring in a woman’s body. The functional reasons for their occurrence include:

bending of the uterus, causing stagnation of menstrual blood;
ovulation - nagging pain accompanies the process of follicle rupture;
premenstrual syndrome associated with hormonal effects on the nervous system;
underdevelopment of the uterus;
menstrual irregularities;
uterine bleeding.

A woman may experience nagging pain in the lower abdomen throughout her entire pregnancy. An unpleasant syndrome develops as a result of pathologies of other organs located in the abdominal cavity. The cause of the painful condition may be:

stones in the bladder, kidneys, ureters;
chronic form of appendicitis;
cystitis, accompanied by burning and pain when urinating.

Acute

It is necessary to provide urgent medical assistance if acute severe pain in the lower abdomen occurs in women. This condition indicates serious problems. Gynecologists identify the causes of pain in acute form:

torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst;
endometriosis;
acute inflammation of the appendages after abortion or childbirth;
ovarian apoplexy;
fall during pregnancy;
early placental abruption;
ruptured fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy.

The cause of acute pain in women is blockage of ureteral stones during the development of urolithiasis. A dangerous condition can be caused by pathologies:

nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
Crohn's disease (autoimmune inflammation of the intestines);
acute form of appendicitis;
prolonged constipation.

Periodic

Natural physiological processes occur in the female body, following with a certain frequency. Monthly ovulation causes pain during the rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg. The condition may be accompanied by bloody discharge. The cause of periodic pain symptoms is dysmenorrhea. This is a pathological condition associated with the menstrual cycle. Pain syndrome appears:

before menstruation (more often in young girls);
during or after the end of menstruation (mainly in multiparous women).

Lower abdomen on the right

The location of unpleasant sensations is important when determining the causes of the disease. Provoking factors for the appearance of pain on the right side can be gynecological pathologies. These include:

weakening of the internal os of the uterus in early pregnancy (isthmic-cervical insufficiency);
apoplexy of the right ovary;
ectopic pregnancy;
tumors in the appendages on the right;
menstrual irregularities;
torsion of the pedicle of the right ovary;
inflammatory processes in the uterus;
the onset of spontaneous abortion;
hypertonicity of the uterus, threatening miscarriage during pregnancy.

It hurts on the right side of the abdominal cavity when pathologies of the pelvic organs develop. This condition is provoked by indigestion, helminthic infestations, and tumor processes. The cause of pain may be sexually transmitted infections and inflammation:

gallbladder;
lymph nodes of the intestinal mesentery;
urinary tract;
intestinal mucosa;
appendix;
ileum.

In the middle

If a woman’s lower abdomen hurts severely in the middle part, the cause may be problems with the digestive system. This condition is provoked by prolonged constipation, intestinal upset due to poor nutrition, and the development of dysbacteriosis. Gynecological causes may also be factors in the occurrence of pain:

ovulation process;
menstruation;
bearing a child;
formation of a tumor, cyst;
development of endometriosis;
fertilization process;
inflammation of the uterus and appendages.

Lower abdomen hurts, nausea

When pain is accompanied by nausea, specialists diagnose disorders in the functioning of the digestive system. A serious condition is caused by food and chemical poisoning. If you feel nauseous when pain occurs, this may accompany the following pathologies:

inflammation of the pancreas - pancreatitis;
intestinal colic;
peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum;
gastritis;
peptic ulcer.

Nausea occurs if it cuts into the lower abdominal cavity as a result of gynecological disorders that occur in a woman’s body. These symptoms may occur if:

torsion of appendages, pedunculated cysts;
adhesive disease;
dysmenorrhea;
cyst rupture;
inflammation of the appendages after abortion, childbirth;
premature placental abruption;
ectopic pregnancy.

Rezi

Cutting pain in the lower abdomen in women often requires urgent medical attention. Alarming symptoms can be caused by ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the bladder. Cutting and burning sensation when urinating is accompanied by cystitis. Often the cause of this pain syndrome is:

the onset of contractions before childbirth;
infection of the fallopian tubes;
endometritis (inflammation of the uterine lining);
malignant tumors of the reproductive system;
cervicitis (inflammatory process in the cervical canal);
threat of termination of pregnancy;
placental abruption;
uterine rupture;
miscarriage.

Stomach and lower abdomen hurt

The first painful symptoms appear with the onset of the inflammatory process in the mucous membranes of the stomach. In this condition, a woman experiences nausea, the pain is aching in nature, and is localized on the left side. When the stomach and lower abdomen ache, this may signal the development of the following processes:

erosion of mucous membranes – peptic ulcer;
the appearance of neoplasms in the cavity;
the occurrence of a hernia;
inflammation of the pancreas, which has a negative effect on the stomach.

When pressed

If you complain of pain, the doctor palpates not only the lower abdominal cavity, but also its other areas. This helps to identify a gastric hernia, the presence of neoplasms, and changes in the size of organs. When pressed, pain may occur. This condition appears when:

gastroesophageal reflux disease;
poorly digested food;
intestinal colic;
helminthic infestation.

Pain when pressing on the lower abdomen in women is a symptom of poor-quality food poisoning. Unpleasant sensations may occur if diagnosed:

peptic ulcer of the duodenum, stomach;
peritonitis;
acute appendicitis;
cholelithiasis;
exacerbation of gastritis;
urinary tract infections;
Crohn's disease;
gynecological pathologies;
ectopic pregnancy;
hernias

Lower abdomen hurts and discharge

Painful syndrome in gynecological pathologies is often accompanied by vaginal discharge. They differ in color, smell, intensity. The lower abdomen is painful with the following diseases:

	Discharge	Peculiarities
endometritis	bloody	occur in the middle of the cycle
placental abruption
ectopic pregnancy (ruptured fallopian tube)
gonorrhea, trichomoniasis	yellow, brown	Unpleasant smell
chlamydia, mycoplasmosis		Unpleasant smell
endometriosis	dark brown
	bleeding	copious
uterine cancer		putrid smell
cervical inflammation		burning sensation when urinating

In the morning

A woman’s lower abdomen hurts in the morning due to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. The reason for this condition is a large amount of food eaten at night, which did not have time to be digested. The digestive organs could not cope with such a load. The pain is caused by pregnancy, a feeling of hunger in the morning if there was an early dinner. Discomfort is caused by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract:

intestinal infections;
poisoning;
pancreatitis;
helminthic infestations;
peptic ulcer;
food allergies;
appendicitis;
neoplasms;
adhesive disease.

After meal

The lower abdomen often hurts after eating. The causes of this condition are associated with disruption of the digestive system. Pain syndrome and heaviness in the stomach are provoked by overeating, eating fried, fatty, spicy foods. The condition is accompanied by belching, heartburn, vomiting, and pain in the hypochondrium. The reasons for such sensations in women after eating may be:

gastritis (damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach walls);
appendicitis;
cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder);
irritable bowel syndrome;
stomach ulcer.

Lower abdominal pain and fever

Often, painful sensations in women are accompanied by symptoms of intoxication of the body. Fever, weakness, nausea, and diarrhea can occur as a result of poisoning with chemicals, food, and alcohol. Hyperthermia and pain in the lower abdominal cavity accompany the following pathologies:

intestinal obstruction;
hernias;
acute appendicitis;
adhesions;
varicose veins of the pelvic veins;
enterocolitis;
acute cystitis.

When your stomach hurts and your temperature rises, these may be symptoms of kidney disease. In this case, women experience urinary retention and are diagnosed with kidney stones, pyelonephritis, and infectious pathologies caused by harmful bacteria and fungi. Hyperthermia often accompanies the following gynecological problems:

inflammation of the uterine appendages;
menstrual irregularities;
consequences of abortion;
rupture of an ovarian cyst;
postpartum inflammation;
ectopic pregnancy;
placental abruption;
uterine fibroids.

When walking

When the lower abdominal cavity hurts and symptoms in women intensify with movement, this is a signal of the development of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, and genitourinary systems. Such signs are characteristic of diseases of the spine. Pain when walking may accompany:

cystitis;
pyelonephritis;
appendicitis;
urolithiasis;
injuries of the kidneys, pancreas;
fracture of the pelvic bones;
thrombosis, rupture, blockage of blood vessels in the abdominal wall;
osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine;
myocardial infarction;
hernia;
pneumonia;
pericarditis;
pleurisy.

Often, painful symptoms when walking are observed in pregnant women as a result of sprains during fetal growth. The lower abdomen hurts in a woman who has the following pathologies of the reproductive organs:

uterine fibroids;
sepsis as a consequence of abortion;
endometriosis (pain intensifies during menstruation and sexual intercourse);
adhesions;
sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, gonorrhea);
risk of miscarriage;
ectopic pregnancy.

Lower abdominal pain and diarrhea in women

The appearance, in addition to pain in the lower abdominal cavity, of diarrhea is a sign of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition is accompanied by weakness, nausea, bloating, and fever. Symptoms of the disorder can occur during fasting, overeating, eating fatty foods, and the development of the following pathologies:

irritable bowel syndrome;
celiac disease (intolerance to the vegetable protein gluten);
autoimmune hepatitis;
acute intestinal ischemia;
ulcerative colitis;
obstruction of the colon;
appendicitis;
cholecystitis;
stomach ulcers.

Gives to the lower back

If a woman feels that her lower abdomen is aching and radiates to the lumbosacral region, first of all, she needs to visit a gynecologist. Such symptoms are noted in numerous pathologies of the female reproductive system. The appearance of signs may accompany the development of:

uterine fibroids;
polycystic ovary syndrome;
prolonged menstruation;
bend of the uterus;
torsion of appendages;
ectopic pregnancy;
adhesive process;
apoplexy (rupture of the ovary);
vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina);
threats of miscarriage;
twisting of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst.

When the lower abdomen and lower back ache, the cause may be associated with the development of osteochondrosis of the dorsal spine, in which the nerve roots are pinched. There are reasons for the appearance of such signs that are common to women and men. These include:

intestinal infections;
appendicitis;
urolithiasis disease;
colitis (inflammation of the colon mucosa);
genitourinary system infections;
intervertebral disc injuries;
varicose veins of the pelvis;
haemorrhoids.

Give to the anus area

Discomfort in the lower abdomen in women is often accompanied by sharp or aching pain that radiates to the anal area. Such symptoms indicate the presence of inflammatory processes in the pelvic area. Pain radiating to the anus may be a confirmation of the development of:

hemorrhoids;
rectal fissures;
paraproctitis (inflammation of the anal glands);
accumulation of fluid in the pelvic cavity.

Pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the anus, occurs with gynecological pathologies. They are often accompanied by vaginal discharge. Such symptoms are observed in the case of ectopic pregnancy, threatened miscarriage, and the appearance of benign neoplasms - fibroids, fibroids. Signs may accompany inflammatory processes:

uterine appendages (salpingoophoritis);
vaginal mucosa (colpitis);
inner layer of the uterus (endometritis).

The appearance of abdominal pain radiating to the anus is characteristic of pathological processes occurring in the ovaries. This condition is sometimes observed during the formation of:

hyperfunction as a result of stimulation before IVF (in vitro fertilization);
polycystic disease;
apoplexy (sudden rupture of tissue with bleeding);
twisting of the cyst stalk;
suppuration.

Diagnostics

Since pain in the lower abdominal cavity accompanies numerous diseases, correct diagnosis is important. The doctor chooses research methods based on the symptoms of the pathological condition. Be sure to perform palpation to clarify the location of the pain syndrome. During the appointment, he collects anamnesis and finds out:

nature, possible causes of pain;
frequency of manifestations;
additional symptoms.

A general, biochemical blood test and urine test are mandatory for all patients. If diseases of the digestive system are suspected, the following is carried out:

stool occult blood test;
intragastric pH-metry (acidity measurement);
scatological examination of stool;
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography;
examination of gastric juice;
FGDS – fibrogastroduodenoscopy, examining the stomach, duodenum, and esophagus.

To identify neoplasms and pathological changes, specialists prescribe a CT scan - computed tomography of organs located in the abdominal cavity, depending on the expected dislocation. If a painful syndrome appears as a result of problems in the urinary system, the following is used for diagnosis:

cystoscopy - examination of the inner surface of the bladder;
cystography - radiographic determination of changes in the organ;
bacteriological examination of scrapings from the urethra to determine sexually transmitted infections.

If the cause of pain is related to gynecological problems, the doctor prescribes blood tests for the presence of HPV (human papillomavirus), sexually transmitted infections, and, if necessary, tumor markers. Additionally, the following studies are carried out:

vaginal smear (high levels of leukocytes are noted);
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
bacteriological seeding of scrapings from the vagina and cervix to detect sexually transmitted infections.

What to do if your lower abdomen hurts

The doctor prescribes treatment for the woman depending on the symptoms. Much attention is paid to the nature of pain. You need to do the following:

Symptoms of pain	Pathologies	Events
Moderate, constant		examination in the clinic taking tests performing ultrasound of the pelvic organs, abdominal cavity
Severe, sharp pain		call an ambulance
	ectopic pregnancy torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst acute appendicitis	urgent surgery
	uterine fibroids ovarian cysts cholecystitis oncology	elective surgery

When the diagnosis is confirmed, doctors of the appropriate specialization - gynecologist, nephrologist, gastroentorologist - prescribe treatment, including conservative methods:

medications to relieve inflammation;
drugs that relieve pain and spasms;
antibiotics for bacterial infections;
means for maintaining immunity;
vitamin complexes;
physiotherapeutic procedures;
acupuncture;
performing therapeutic exercises;
use of diet;
compliance with hygiene rules.

Treatment for a specific disease is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the nature of the pain and all the symptoms of the disease. The following methods are used:

Disease		Therapy methods
Endometriosis	gynecologist	hormonal, anti-inflammatory drugs, electrophoresis
Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis	venereologist	antibiotics
Pancreatitis	gastroenterologist	diet, analgesics, enzymes, antispasmodics, H2 blockers
Stomach ulcer	gastroenterologist	antacids, cytoprotectors, antiulcer agents, probiotics
		antiseptics, antibiotics, antispasmodics, analgesics

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Content:

Why does my lower abdomen hurt? This question is very relevant for a large number of modern women. Severe pain in the lower abdomen can be caused by a variety of reasons, one of which is diseases of the abdominal organs, spine, and genital organs. If a girl has severe pain in her lower abdomen, this may be due to muscle spasms in some internal organs. In addition, inflammatory processes may be the cause.

There are many reasons why women experience lower abdominal pain. The nature and location of pain may vary.

In order to eliminate pain, it is necessary to identify the causes of its occurrence, and the accompanying symptoms must be taken into account.

If a woman has pain in the lower abdomen and at the same time there is bloody discharge from the genital tract (this has nothing to do with the menstrual cycle), then a disease of the genital organs is observed. In this case, you should not guess why the lower abdomen hurts, but immediately go to a gynecologist, who should quickly determine the cause of the pain and prescribe the necessary treatment. Shouldn't a specialist deal with such an important issue? If the pain is nagging in nature, and symptoms such as chills and high temperature are observed, this means that there is an infection in the pelvic area. You need to contact a gynecologist without delay. In such a case, the woman may be bothered by abnormal discharge from the genital organs; it may be too abundant, bloody, contain pus, etc.

Why does my lower abdomen hurt?

If women experience pain in the lower abdomen on the right side, and it is very acute and constant, then, in all likelihood, we are talking about damage to the appendix and appendicitis. The presence of these symptoms means that timely surgical intervention cannot be avoided. If a girl experiences symptoms such as nausea, lack of appetite and vomiting, then perhaps we are talking about diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which case you need to call an ambulance. Pain in the lower abdomen can be caused by intra-abdominal bleeding, then in addition to the pain itself, the following is observed: fainting, vascular collapse is possible. In this case, you should immediately contact a doctor.

It happens that women not only have pain in the lower abdomen, but also experience pain in the lower back and frequent urination (which is painful, and there may be blood in the urine). This indicates pathology of the urinary tract. In this case, it is imperative and as quickly as possible to seek help from a nephrologist, he will prescribe an appropriate examination.

Abdominal pain in a girl during pregnancy must be dealt with separately. If sharp and acute pain is observed, then it is quite possible that we are talking about an ectopic pregnancy. But it should be borne in mind that even if the pregnancy is normal, a woman may experience pain. However, if the pain is not constant and acute, then this should not be a serious cause for concern. Almost all women who are soon to become mothers have pain in the lower abdomen, so such pain is quite common. However, such pain can vary, so you should consult a doctor if it causes a lot of discomfort. It should be noted that pregnant women should treat their health with special care because we are talking about the health of the unborn child.

What causes pain?

The causes of such pain may be diseases of the digestive system (as a rule, systematic constipation is observed), or perhaps infectious diseases of the urinary tract. In this case, timely treatment is necessary.

As for pain in women who are pregnant, such pain is divided into two groups: non-obstetric and obstetric. If the placenta detaches, then this is obstetric pain. This may threaten miscarriage. In order to prevent this, a woman needs to adhere to a special regime: excessive physical activity should be excluded, smoking and drinking alcohol should be stopped, fatty and salty foods should be completely excluded from the diet.

If the pain is pronounced, acute, then you need to go to the hospital and undergo an appropriate course of treatment. If the activity of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted, pain occurs that is classified as non-obstetric; we may be talking about certain surgical diseases, for which consultation with specialists is mandatory.

In most cases, pain in women appears unexpectedly, it can be of a subdued nature, then it is most likely a chronic disease, which is a signal of serious danger. The cause of abdominal pain is not easy to recognize, and it is also difficult to localize. For example, if you were hit in the stomach, then this is one thing, but if we are talking about chronic diseases, it is different. The abdomen may constantly “tug” in the groin area, the pain may move from right to left, it may rise and fall.

If you experience a symptom such as pain in the lower abdomen for the first time, you should immediately consult a doctor, since self-medication can sometimes be detrimental to your health and can lead to the most negative consequences. Ulcers, colitis, gastritis and other chronic diseases can cause acute pain, and exacerbation can cause various concomitant diseases, in which complications may arise, and then surgical intervention cannot be avoided.

Why is it important to see a doctor promptly?

In autumn and spring, many unpleasant sensations are associated with the lower abdomen of women; in most cases, such pain occurs due to inflammation of the pelvic organs. The causes of such diseases can be various viral diseases, hypothermia, weakened immunity - all this opens up a clear path for the development of chronic diseases.

It should be noted that 50% of women of reproductive age suffer from pain of this nature. Basically, pain occurs due to inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis), the uterine appendages (salpingitis), such pain, as a rule, is of a progressive nature. If you feel severe pain in the lower left, which radiates to the rectum or lower back, then you need to consult a gynecologist as soon as possible.

Pain in a woman's lower abdomen is most often associated with menstruation. This kind of pain is called algodismenorrhea; when walking, it usually radiates to the rib. Analgesics will help cope with this pain syndrome. But when the occurrence of abdominal pain is in no way connected with the menstrual cycle, the cause is, accordingly, diseases of the genital organs or other body systems.

Gynecological diseases when the lower abdomen hurts are endometriosis, STIs, uterine fibroids. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases. With this disease, tissue, which in its structure is similar to the mucous membrane of the uterus, grows to other genital organs. Pain with endometriosis occurs during the menstrual cycle, during sexual intercourse, bowel movements and urination.

Useful information

Pain in the lower abdomen can be caused by infectious diseases acquired through sexual contact. These diseases include chlamydia and gonorrhea. Ectopic pregnancy can also cause abdominal pain, which is usually unilateral. If an ectopic pregnancy occurs, the pain increases gradually and intensifies when the woman moves. If there is a rupture of the fallopian tube, the pain is severe and sudden.

Cystitis and urolithiasis are also associated with pain in the lower abdomen. If there is obstruction of the large or small intestine, the pain is local in the navel area, and pain may also be observed below.

As it becomes clear, there are many reasons for such pain, so making a quick diagnosis can sometimes be quite difficult, which means that you need to seek help only from a highly qualified specialist. A woman needs to take care of her health, and abdominal pain can be a sign of a dangerous disease, but if you consult a specialist in time, you can solve everything before the disease becomes threatening.

It should be noted that the lower abdomen in women is a very important place. It is with the bottom that the birth of a child is associated, and any, even not the most serious, illness can cause a child to be born sick. In addition, pain in the lower abdomen can be the first signal of a very serious illness. Therefore, you should always consult a doctor if you experience such pain. The sooner this is done, the greater the chance that you will not have to go to the hospital and will not require surgical intervention. Any qualified doctor will say that it is much easier to treat a disease at the stage of its onset and it is unacceptable to delay it because every day the threat to health is becoming more serious.

Therefore, if there is pain in the lower abdomen and these sensations become regular, it is better not to use the advice and recommendations of friends, but to immediately go to a specialist, especially since medical care in Russia today is provided at the highest professional level. You shouldn’t risk your health just because you simply don’t have time to visit a specialist to get examined. Otherwise, you will have to spend much more time later.

Discussion 10

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The most striking symptom of any problem in the body is pain. If a person can easily tolerate moderate weakness, drowsiness and decreased performance, which always appear with pain, then pain is perceived by him as an alarm signal. It can vary in strength, character, and duration, but in any case, when it appears, a person inevitably thinks about his health.

Many specialists deal with diseases accompanied by diarrhea, from surgeons to infectious disease specialists. However, there is one category of diseases in which underestimation of symptoms can lead to an extremely unpleasant complication - loss of fertility. We are talking about female diseases that cause the reproductive system to suffer, and which are not “worse” than appendicitis, but end tragically.

Pain in acute conditions

Acute conditions are those in which a woman inevitably dies in the coming hours without medical assistance. This group includes diseases such as:

ovarian apoplexy;
torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst or tumor;
ectopic pregnancy with rupture of the fallopian tube.

Ovarian apoplexy

With this disease, pain in the lower abdomen appears suddenly in the middle of the menstrual cycle. It is connected with the fact that when the follicle ruptures, where the egg has matured, the blood vessel adjacent to it is damaged. Often the onset of pain is associated with sexual intercourse or physical activity.

There are painful and hemorrhagic forms of apoplexy. The first is characterized by pronounced pain and relatively low blood loss. It is much less dangerous than hemorrhagic, in which bleeding can quickly lead to the death of the patient.

Additional symptoms:

weakness;
dizziness;
nausea and vomiting;
fainting

Symptoms appear depending on the intensity of bleeding from the damaged vessel.

Treatment

Despite the danger of apoplexy, it is sometimes treated conservatively. For pain and low blood loss (up to 150 ml), cold on the stomach, hemostatic drugs, vitamins, and antispasmodics are prescribed.

In case of hemorrhagic form of apoplexy or in case of deterioration of the condition, the woman is operated on according to vital indications. Laparoscopic operations are more often performed, but if massive bleeding is suspected, a conventional incision is performed. In this case, the damaged area on the ovary is sutured, and if suturing is impossible, the entire organ is removed.

Torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst or tumor

The very essence of the disease is clear from the name. Torsion often occurs when the body's rotational motion is suddenly stopped, such as during dancing or athletic training.

In this case, the blood supply to the cyst or tumor stops, necrosis and inflammation begin in them, which quickly spreads to the pelvic peritoneum, provoking peritonitis.

Pain during torsion occurs suddenly, is localized on the side of the affected ovary, and is spastic in nature, although it can be constant. At the same time, nausea, vomiting, pale skin, and bloating appear.

Treatment

Surgical only. The scope of the operation is determined during the process, guided both by the condition of the ovary and the changes that have occurred in the tissues surrounding the organ.

Ectopic pregnancy

In this case, pain also occurs on the affected side. When a fertilized egg is implanted not into the uterine cavity, but into the fallopian tube or, less commonly, into the ovary. The pain appears within 2-3 weeks, is cramping in nature and radiates to the rectum. At the same time, bloody discharge from the genital tract is observed.

The symptoms described above are characteristic of terminating an ectopic pregnancy using the principle of tubal abortion. When the fallopian tube ruptures, the pain becomes severe, severe weakness, nausea and vomiting appear, and the patient loses consciousness.

Treatment

Exceptionally efficient. Typically, surgery involves completely removing the affected fallopian tube and stopping any existing bleeding. If the operation is performed in a timely manner, a woman has every chance of survival and of having a child later.

Inflammatory diseases

The second most important cause of pain in women is inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs:

Endometritis.
Salpingoophoritis (adnexitis) and its complications:

pyosalpinx;
hydrosalpinx;
piovar;
tubo-ovarian abscess;
pelvioperitonitis.

Parametritis.

Endometritis

This disease most often begins after an unsuccessful abortion or the introduction of intrauterine contraceptives, although it can also occur after childbirth. Pain in the lower abdomen is accompanied by high fever (up to 39-40°C), discharge of purulent leucorrhoea. The disease lasts 8-10 days and with adequate treatment ends in recovery.

Somewhat less frequently, acute endometritis can be complicated by parametritis, peritonitis, pelvic abscess, thrombophlebitis of the pelvic veins, or become chronic.

Salpingo-oophoritis

The most common gynecological cause of pain in the lower abdomen. In this case, the inflammatory process affects both the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

In acute salpingoophoritis, the pain is constant, localized on the affected side and accompanied by symptoms such as:

high fever (38-40°C);
tremendous chills;
nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting;
purulent discharge from the genital tract;
urinary disorders.

The disease can be complicated by:

pyosalpinx - accumulation of pus in the lumen of the fallopian tube;
hydrosalpinx, in which the lumen of the fallopian tube is filled with non-purulent fluid;
ovarian abscess, in which the tissue of the organ melts; as a result, the ovary turns into a kind of pouch filled with pus - pyovar;
tubo-ovarian abscess, which occurs when the adjacent walls of the ovary and tube melt;
pelvioperitonitis, which occurs when pus from an abscess breaks into the pelvic cavity;
peritonitis - when a purulent process spreads into the abdominal cavity.

Parametritis

This disease occurs as a result of the transfer of inflammation from the uterus or its appendages to the peri-uterine tissue. Its clinical picture, in addition to pain in the lower abdomen, includes:

abrupt onset;
extreme temperature rise up to 41°C;
amazing chill.

Treatment of inflammatory gynecological diseases

Antibiotic therapy with broad-spectrum drugs plays a central role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. The use of antipyretic, antispasmodic and analgesic drugs is mandatory.

For endometritis, it is possible to irrigate the uterine cavity with antiseptic solutions; for pyosalpinx and pyovar, puncture of the purulent bladder with suction of its contents and the introduction of antiseptics and antibiotics into its cavity.

The operation is performed for pelvioperitonitis, peritonitis and rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess. Doctors strive to preserve the uterine appendages, since their removal reduces a woman’s ability to bear children.

Other gynecological causes of abdominal pain

There are a number of female diseases, also accompanied by pain, which do not pose an immediate threat to a woman’s life, but can lead to unpleasant consequences, such as the formation of adhesions, infertility, uterine bleeding, etc.

These include:

algodismenorrhea;
endometriosis;
adhesive disease;
uterine fibroids.

Algomenorrhea

Endometriosis

– a disease associated with the reflux of the uterine mucosa into areas distant from this organ. When parts of the endometrium are localized in the pelvic cavity, constant pain in the lower abdomen associated with menstruation occurs.

Treatment

There are several treatment approaches for endometriosis:

surgical removal of the maximum number of foci of endometrial growth;
hormonal suppression of ovarian activity to stop ovulation;
immune correction;
symptomatic therapy with analgesics and antispasmodics.

Adhesive disease

This pathology develops as a consequence of inflammatory processes and surgical interventions in the pelvis. Pain during adhesive disease is periodic, nagging, aching, and goes away after taking analgesics and antispasmodics.

Treatment

Surgical dissection of adhesions. Usually it is used either for severe pain syndrome or for infertility caused by adhesions. Conservative measures are ineffective.

Uterine fibroids

Here, the first place among the symptoms is not pain, but bleeding. Myoma is a benign tumor located deep in the muscular wall of the uterus. If it is present, women experience prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding. A woman feels nagging pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes the pain with uterine fibroids is cramping.

Treatment

Usually consists of prescribing drugs containing female sex hormones. Conservative therapy often leads to a slowdown in the growth of the myomatous node and even its reduction.

For severe, life-threatening bleeding, as well as for large tumor sizes, surgery is indicated, during which either the node itself or the entire uterus is removed, if it cannot be saved.

Important: If you have any pain in the lower abdomen, you should not look for traditional methods of getting rid of it, but consult a doctor. This symptom appears in dozens of diseases, and only a doctor (sometimes more than one), armed with knowledge, laboratories and equipment, can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. In some cases, delay can seriously worsen a woman's chances of survival, so no self-medication.

You can find out what other diseases can cause severe pain in the lower abdomen in women by watching this video review:

Volkov Gennady Gennadievich, medical observer, emergency physician.

Such a symptom as sharp pain in the lower abdomen in women, without exaggeration, is familiar to many women. But often, the pain is underestimated. When pain occurs, most people take painkillers. Few people think about visiting a doctor.

And in vain, because in fact, pain in the lower abdomen, in the side on the right or left is dangerous, especially if they appear too often. “Downloading” pain for a while does not mean curing the disease. Of course, taking painkillers is important in this case. But pain pills are far from the only drug your body needs in this case.

Therapy for pain, or more precisely for the disease that provoked its appearance, must be comprehensive. Only a qualified specialist can prescribe a particular medication and only after all the necessary research has been carried out and the root cause of the pain has been clarified. Ignoring the appearance of pain and inappropriate use of medications is fraught with disastrous consequences.

Pain in the lower abdomen is a fairly common nonspecific symptom that signals the presence of pathologies of the pelvic organs, genitourinary system and intestines. Sharp pain in the lower abdomen in women is not the only type of pain.

The pain may be:

acute;
paroxysmal;
pulsating;
blunt;
constant;
periodic;
cutting;
piercing;
aching;

In addition, when complaining of pain, the doctor clarifies not only its location and type, but also the presence or absence of accompanying symptoms. In addition, the connection with the menstrual cycle, ovulation or pregnancy is clarified.

This is how the specialist will be able to find out whether the pain is dangerous for the life of the woman or the fetus (if the woman is pregnant), and also whether it is fraught with the threat of termination of pregnancy. Now let's talk about the types of pain in a woman's lower abdomen, including sharp ones. Each type of pain can signal damage to a specific organ and the development of a specific disease.

The occurrence of dull pain, accompanied by bleeding that has no connection with menstruation, often signals the presence of inflammation in the female reproductive system.
The appearance of pain, accompanied by an increase in temperature and discharge from the genital tract, may signal an infectious pathology of the pelvic organs.
Pain in the lower abdomen in combination with difficulty urinating may indicate an illness of the urinary system.
The occurrence of pain accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite is a sign of damage to the gastrointestinal tract.
The appearance of intense increasing or subsiding pain in the lower right is one of the signs of appendicitis.
Periodic and prolonged pain indicates an acute or chronic form of the existing disease.
Sharp pain in a woman’s lower abdomen may be evidence of an acute intestinal infection, poisoning, intestinal obstruction, or appendicitis.
The appearance of cutting, acute, unbearable pain in the right side may indicate acute cholecystitis or hepatic colic.
A nagging or dull pain in the lower abdomen is one of the signs of ectopic pregnancy, an inflammatory process in the uterus, appendages and fallopian tubes (adnexitis), and bladder.

Soreness can appear for a variety of reasons and as a result of a variety of ailments, and not only gynecological ones. That is why, without knowing the cause, you should not take any measures without a doctor. If you attribute pain in the lower abdomen due to appendicitis to periodic pain during menstruation, believe me, everything can end in disaster. That is why, if you have abdominal pain, do not hesitate to contact a specialist.

As already mentioned, pain can be caused by a variety of ailments, and not only the female reproductive system. If we talk about gynecological pathologies, then pain is not their only manifestation. Often, with gynecological diseases, in addition to pain in the lower abdomen, there are complaints about the appearance of discharge, menstrual irregularities, frequent urination, itching in the perineum, and malaise.

Often women suffering from diseases of the reproductive system cannot become pregnant for a long time. So, pain in the lower abdomen can be a sign of the following pathologies: adhesive disease, endometriosis, cysts, neoplasms, ectopic pregnancy, vaginitis, ovulatory syndrome, salpingitis, adnexitis.

Pain in the lower abdomen may be evidence of uterine reproductive disorders:

incorrectly selected intrauterine device;
adenomyosis;
endometritis;
uterine fibroids;
cervicitis;
polyps;
dysmenorrhea;
stenosis of the cervical canal.

In this case, the pain may be accompanied by an increase in temperature, bleeding, cloudy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, burning during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, nausea, malaise, and loss of appetite.

Sharp pain in the lower abdomen can be a sign of urological disorders, in particular: cystitis, neoplasms in the bladder, urolithiasis.

In this case, there may be complaints of nausea, vomiting, fever, blood in the urine, malaise, cloudy urine, pain during urination.

Often, sharp pain in the lower abdomen is caused by intestinal disorders: ulcerative colitis, intestinal obstruction, colon polyps, colon cancer, appendicitis, chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome.

If the pain is caused by ulcerative colitis, then in addition to pain there are complaints of loose stools with mucus and blood, loss of appetite, increased temperature, and weight loss. If pain occurs due to Crohn's disease, it is often accompanied by malaise, fever, constipation, and flatulence.

With chronic constipation, patients complain not only of pain in the lower abdomen, but also of flatulence, malaise, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and increased gas production. If the cause of pain is cancer, the pain is accompanied by upset stool, bleeding, paleness, weight loss, and malaise.

Sharp pain in the lower abdomen in women: causes, nature of pain

The causes of sharp pain in the lower abdomen in women can be different. If pain occurs, the first thing you should do is make an appointment with a specialist. Do not take any medications or folk remedies without a doctor's prescription.

If sharp pain often appears in the lower abdomen, this may indicate the following ailments:

ovarian apoplexy;
renal colic;
algodismenorrhea;
ectopic pregnancy;
cystitis;
appendicitis.

If a woman experiences sharp pain in the lower abdomen, its causes may lie in:

sprains;
premature placental abruption;
spontaneous abortion;
ectopic pregnancy;
disruption of intestinal function;
cholelithiasis;
unhealthy diet;
hormonal changes;
intestinal obstruction;
acute appendicitis;
urolithiasis.

If pain in the lower abdomen in a woman carrying a fetus is not caused by any disease, treatment as such is not required.

In this case, you must adhere to several important recommendations:

exclude overeating and dieting;
eat healthy foods;
eat often, but in small portions;
drink enough fluids;
Chew your food thoroughly;
take more and more walks in the fresh air;
eat more fortified foods.

If the occurrence of pain is associated with any pathology, it should be treated by a qualified specialist. Quite often, girls complain of pain during intercourse. Normally it shouldn't be there. Therefore, if it appears, consult a doctor.

Pain during sex can be caused not only by the characteristics of sexual intercourse (uncomfortable position, lack of lubrication), but also by the presence of various pathologies, in particular: vaginitis, erosion or uterine fibroids, endometritis, cervicitis, adnexitis, uterine cancer. Treatment of pain, or more precisely, the disease that provokes its occurrence, should be prescribed and carried out by a gynecologist. Do not hesitate to visit a specialist and receive therapy. Ignoring it can cause complications and lead to infertility.

Acute pain in the lower abdomen in women: diagnosis, therapy and prevention

In order to identify the root cause of acute pain in the lower abdomen in women, the doctor, in addition to questioning, palpation of the abdomen, gynecological examination (examination of the external genitalia, examination of the vagina in the speculum, two-handed examination) and collecting anamnesis, will prescribe:

blood sampling for general and biochemical analysis;
collecting material from the vagina for bacterial, urogenital and cytological examination;
colposcopy;
laparoscopy;
ultrasound examination;
hysteroscopy;
hysterosalpingography.

If intestinal pathology is suspected, stool examination, irrigoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, manometry, and colonoscopy are prescribed. If you suspect a disease of the genitourinary system, the doctor, in addition to collecting urine, will prescribe an ultrasound examination, cystoscopy, and cystography. As you can see, in order to understand the nature of the appearance of acute pain in the lower abdomen in women, a whole range of examinations is carried out.

After examination and clarification of the diagnosis, therapy for the underlying pathology is prescribed. Treatment of a disease that causes severe pain in the lower abdomen on the right or left should be prescribed and carried out exclusively by the attending physician. It is important to understand that acute pain in the lower abdomen in women does not occur just like that. Therefore, its elimination, as well as the treatment of the underlying ailment, must be approached with maximum responsibility.

Before you learn about pain treatment, I would like to tell you what absolutely should not be done when pain occurs.

Under no circumstances take medications that relieve pain and spasms. This risks hiding the picture of the disease and complicating the diagnostic process.
Do not apply heat to the painful area, as it can cause blood vessels to dilate and spread infection through the blood.
Do not rinse the intestines.
Do not take laxatives.

The main areas of treatment for pain in the lower abdomen include:

elimination of pain syndrome;
diet therapy;
physiotherapy;
laparoscopy;
hormonal therapy;
antibacterial therapy;
use of endoscopic techniques.

A woman’s diet should be complete and maximally fortified. It is recommended to consume vegetables and fruits, compotes, juices, black bread, dried fruits, fermented milk products, lean meats and fish, mineral water, and cereals.

In order to relieve pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Dexalgin, Diclofenac, potent analgesics, and narcotic analgesics are prescribed. If acute pain in the lower abdomen in a woman is provoked by an infectious or inflammatory process, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. If there is a hormonal imbalance, hormones may be prescribed.

If drug therapy does not bring positive results, surgical treatment is prescribed using endoscopic techniques: colonoscopy, cystoscopy, hysteroscopy.

Laparoscopy is often prescribed. As for physiotherapy, if there is pain in the lower abdomen, ultrasound therapy, electrophoresis, UHF, and magnetic therapy are prescribed. Absolutely any representative of the fair half of society can experience pain in the lower abdomen. You already know that it can be triggered by a variety of reasons.

To prevent pain, it is recommended:

be examined regularly;
treat diseases of the genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract in a timely manner;
treat diseases;
Healthy food;
give up bad habits;
to live an active lifestyle;
observe the rules of personal hygiene.