Medicine has made great progress in diagnosing and treating many pressing problems, including infertility. An extended examination of the ejaculate is the first test that a patient should undergo if there is a problem with conceiving a child. It is also prescribed to potential sperm donors and people wishing to freeze their biological material. The male genital area is easily vulnerable and subject to the influence of various factors of the external and internal environment, which affects the quality of sperm. What should be the preparation for a spermogram in order for the results to be reliable is useful to know for both men and women.

Subject of study

Sperm is a biological fluid that is released by men during ejaculation (ejaculation) at the end of sexual intercourse or masturbation.

It consists of two parts:

• liquid plasma (approximately 95%) - produced in the prostate, seminal vesicles and glands located along the urethra;
• cellular elements (5%) - most of them are sperm produced by the testicles; in addition, leukocytes, epithelial cells, lipid and protein grains may be present.

Each of the components is important for conception. A deficiency or loss of quality of any of them leads to deterioration of sperm as a whole. Not knowing how to prepare for a spermogram analysis can also affect your results.

At the end of sexual intercourse, seminal fluid with sperm passes from the vas deferens into the lumen of the urethra. From there, due to muscle contractions of the urethra, the seed is expelled.

The normal volume of ejaculate is from 2 to 6 ml; the latest WHO recommendations have established that 1.5 ml is sufficient for fertilization.

Immediately after eruption, the seed has a viscous and thick consistency. After about 30-50 minutes, it liquefies due to enzymes contained in the secretion of the prostate gland. Sperm is normally grayish-white in color with slight opalescence.

Discoloration is possible in the presence of impurities (pus, blood) or when consuming coloring foods (beets, carrots, oranges). The transparency of the ejaculate depends on the concentration of sperm: the higher it is, the stronger the milky white turbidity. The first portions of ejaculate contain the largest number of germ cells.

Every man should know how to prepare for a spermogram. Sperm is very sensitive to various factors.

The main characteristics of biological material (sperm motility and morphology) are affected by high and low temperatures, nutrition, stress conditions, chemicals and much more.

Compliance with external parameters in a medical institution (storage temperature, treatment of glassware with reagents, laboratory assistant skills) is also important, but this is the concern of the laboratory staff. The man is required to correctly collect material for a spermogram; the doctor will tell you what needs to be done before the analysis.

Analysis value

The study of ejaculate is an informative test that allows you to assess not only the fertility of a man, but also to identify the presence of pathologies that will require additional examination.

Quantitative and qualitative changes in the ejaculate due to non-compliance with the rules of preparation before a spermogram can lead to an incorrect diagnosis

What are the indications for this examination:

• suspicion of male infertility arising on the basis of previous infectious diseases, injuries, hormonal disorders, exposure to radiation and other information from the patient’s medical history that could affect the man’s reproductive abilities;
• sperm donation planning;
• preparation for artificial insemination (IVF);
• cryopreservation of biological material - the situation is relevant for representatives of dangerous professions, cancer patients (before the start of chemotherapy), before a vasectomy and other urological operations.

A referral for examination of ejaculate is given by an andrologist or urologist. The analysis can be done in many private and public laboratories, where they will tell you how to properly prepare for a spermogram. A man's fertility is assessed using all possible macro- and microscopic indicators, including Mar - a test for immunological infertility.

The analysis contains the following information:

• physical and chemical properties of sperm - volume, color, pH value (normal range from 7.2 to 8), viscosity index;
• quantitative characteristics - concentration of germ cells (content in 1 ml of sperm), percentage of motile forms;
• morphological features of sperm, detection of pathology;
• the number of immature cellular elements from different stages of spermatogenesis;
• agglutination and aggregation (adhesion of sperm to each other or with epithelial cells and mucus) as an indicator of inflammatory processes or damage to testicular tissue;
• content of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes) and other inclusions;
• Mar test - is carried out to identify a possible immunological reaction of the body (antibodies against its own sperm).

A one-time study is sufficient if all indicators are normal. Those men who have a bad result will have to take the test again after 7-14 days. This is necessary to exclude insufficient preparation before taking a spermogram.

If there is a strong difference in the two results, the doctor may recommend a third sperm examination.

Preparing for the study

In order to obtain reliable data the first time, you must adhere to simple rules for taking a spermogram in preparation for the examination.

Activities are divided into long-term (must begin long before the examination) and short-term (immediately on the day of the test). The process of spermatogenesis or the formation of male germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles takes 65-80 days. This means that sperm parameters are reflected in both unfavorable and favorable factors of 2-3 months ago. Ideally, preparation for a spermogram in a man should take about 3 months.

How to prepare for tests, video

Long-term measures are as follows:

1. 90 days before the study, it is necessary to exclude the influence of any toxins and poisons on the body (drugs, working with chemicals, radiation).
2. Withstand 2-3 months after treatment with antibiotics, hormones, and other medications taken for a long time.
3. Extend preparation for spermogram and Mar test for 60 days after suffering severe infectious and inflammatory diseases that occurred with severe intoxication.
4. Wait 7-8 days after the course of prostate massage.
5. Ensure sexual rest (absence of ejaculation during coitus and masturbation) for a period of 2 to 7 days. If the period is shorter, there will be few sperm in the sperm; if it is longer, there will be few mobile forms. The optimal preparation for spermogram and Mar test is abstinence for 4 days.
6. Avoid any ethanol-containing drinks for at least 7 days. Any alcohol, including beer, reduces sperm motility.
7. Be careful not to overheat the scrotal area - during the period of preparation for taking a spermogram, it is forbidden to visit saunas or sunbathe. This does not mean that on a frosty winter day you cannot turn on the heated seats in your car for a short time; hypothermia is also harmful.
8. Avoid excessive physical activity and strength training 1-2 days before the examination.

How to prepare for a spermogram on the day of analysis:

1. Go to bed early the night before and get a good night's sleep.
2. In the morning, take a shower, wash the head of the penis and put on clean underwear. If you neglect this rule, there will be too many bacteria in the semen, which will complicate the interpretation of the analysis.
3. An hour before collecting material, you need to drink 4-5 glasses of any liquid, preferably water or weak tea. This is what should always be done before a spermogram, especially in the hot season, to increase the volume and reduce the viscosity of sperm.
4. You can empty your bladder at least 10-15 minutes before taking the test.
5. Do not smoke on the day of the examination.

Collection of material

The test procedure must be carried out exclusively within the walls of a medical institution, in a room specially designated for this purpose. This is explained by the fact that sperm quickly die when temperature fluctuates.

What you need before taking a spermogram is to relax, you can take your smartphone, good music and headphones with you. The collection procedure involves masturbation and the use of a sterile container. A condom is not suitable for these purposes, since latex destroys sperm. Magazines, photos and videos of erotic content will help you achieve your goal.

It is important to get straight into the jar, otherwise the analysis will not be counted. You need to collect the entire portion of ejaculate in a container. Do not collect semen from skin, clothing or floors.

What to do if, before taking a spermogram, you want to go to the toilet?

You need to urinate, and then wait 10-15 minutes, then start collecting the material. For those men who cannot get directly into the container, it is better to practice at home in advance by buying a plastic urine jar at the pharmacy.

After successful collection of sperm, the container must be immediately given to a medical professional. You can avoid the influence of various negative factors if you ask a specialist in advance how to prepare for a spermogram.

Getting the result

The interpretation of the data obtained as a result of the study is carried out by a urologist or andrologist. The doctor will also tell you how long it takes to prepare a spermogram. Semen tests are not standardized. This means that different laboratories may use different symbols and names. This is not a problem for doctors.

The patient will not figure it out on his own and may fall into a stupor. An ordinary man just needs to know how to take a spermogram with preparation and technique for collecting ejaculate, the rest is up to a specialist.

The study is carried out with three options:

• morphology - shows the number of normal sperm without defects in the tail, head or neck;
• Mar test - it helps to determine the immune cause of infertility, detects the presence of antisperm antibodies;
• survival test - it is done when planning artificial insemination (IVF), it shows the percentage of male germ cells that survive outside the human body for 24 hours.

If a man takes a spermogram for the first time with good preparation for analysis, he is usually advised to undergo an extended study with morphology and Mar test. It happens that, despite all the good indicators, a man is infertile because there is damage to the sperm by antisperm antibodies. Only the Mar test can detect this pathology.

This does not affect the timing of spermogram readiness. They range from several hours to 1-2 days.

Sperm Analysis Options

When receiving the result, the patient should pay attention to what is written as a conclusion at the bottom of the page. What options could there be:

• normozoospermia - means that the man is fine, he is healthy and has done everything correctly, what to do before taking a spermogram;
• oligospermia – the amount of ejaculate is less than 1.5 ml;
• oligozoospermia – ejaculate with low sperm content;
• teratozoospermia – most of the sperm are pathologically altered;
• cryptozoospermia – reduced sperm concentration (number of cells in 1 ml of sperm);
• asthenozoospermia – there are few motile sperm in the ejaculate (less than half);
• akinospermia – all motionless;
• necrozoospermia – more than half of the dead spermatozoa;
• pyospermia – pus in the ejaculate (many leukocytes);
• hemospermia – blood in semen.

Pathological changes detected for the first time are a reason to repeat the spermogram with preparation for the analysis strictly according to all the rules. This is the requirement of the World Health Organization. This examination is considered to have significant variability.

Results depend on many factors.

It can be repeated at least 2 times, and it is important to explain to the patient how to prepare for a spermogram in order to eliminate all possible negative influences from outside and inside the body.

Having bad sperm test results is not a reason to panic; the results can change many times during a man's life. To improve your sperm count, sometimes it is enough to reconsider your usual lifestyle, make adjustments to your daily diet, start doing physical exercise and sports, and give up bad habits.

If this does not help, the doctor will conduct an examination to determine the cause. In most cases, male infertility can be managed. How long does it take to prepare a spermogram analysis, where is it best to do it and at what price? More accurate information will be provided by the doctor who prescribes this examination.

Among the huge number of tests that may be required from a man to identify diseases of the prostate, genitourinary and reproductive systems, a spermogram occupies a special place. Many men are afraid to even pronounce this name. In fact, it is not scary, and there is nothing difficult in this analysis. Not everyone knows how to take a spermogram correctly.

Why do you need a spermogram?

A spermogram may be needed in several cases. First of all, such an analysis will be required if infertility is suspected. If a family cannot conceive offspring for more than two years, and the woman has passed all the necessary tests, then it is worth checking the motility and activity of sperm.

The reasons for doing a semen analysis are injuries to the genital organs, scrotum, as well as problems with the veins of the spermatic cord. A urologist may prescribe a spermogram if there is a urinary tract or prostate infection, both chronic and acute. The analysis helps determine the severity and occurrence of complications.

When treating infertility, sperm analysis is performed more than once, since the doctor needs to monitor the progress and results of treatment. In any case, a spermogram can be taken for preventive purposes, to clarify the quality and quantity of living sperm.

If we exclude diseases, then very often this test is taken when monitoring the quality of seminal fluid, for example, when donating sperm or before the procedure of artificial insemination.

Preparing to donate sperm for analysis

To ensure that the test results are not distorted, you need to properly prepare for the delivery process. First of all, stop taking strong medications, including antibiotics. It is also undesirable to become overtired. Get a good night's sleep and avoid unnecessary physical activity. It is advisable to postpone the analysis if you have colds and inflammatory diseases. In any case, you will need to consult a urologist who will tell you how the spermogram is taken.

One of the main conditions for preparing for a spermogram in a man is to abstain from sex for at least three days. Also, three days before the test you need to stop drinking alcohol and smoking. One day before, you need to give up sports training, as well as baths and saunas, since overheating of the scrotum leads to a deterioration in the quality of sperm. And, of course, there is no need to worry; eliminate stress.

Be sure to follow a special diet. It includes eating vegetables, fruits, as well as lean meats and greens. Be sure to balance your diet with vitamins and minerals. You should also avoid strong tea and coffee.

If all these conditions are not met, the analysis results may not be reliable. For example, if you have sex the day before, the amount of seminal fluid will be less than normal. Drinking alcohol can negatively affect sperm count. Antibiotics also reduce the number of live and motile sperm. If the results are unsatisfactory, in most cases, the doctor prescribes a repeat test after 14 days. It is better to carefully prepare for a spermogram.

Methods of donating seminal fluid

There are several ways to donate seminal fluid. The most commonly used method is masturbation, which occurs in a clinical setting. Sometimes a man is asked to collect the ejaculate himself at home. But this process of taking a spermogram, although it helps you relax as much as possible, is still not the most reliable, because strict sterility is not maintained, and sperm must be stored at a certain temperature before delivery to the clinic. It is important to correctly comply with all the conditions that the doctor will tell you about.

There is another way. This is a technique of coitus interruptus. But this method is considered not the most reliable. First, the amount of ejaculate may change. Secondly, female microflora can change indicators.

The method of collecting male sperm in a clinic is preferable. It assumes the presence of a comfortable environment, a closed office, as well as special video and photographic materials.

Some men try to remove the material from the condom to collect sperm. But this is not the best option, since these products may contain lubricants that affect the quality of sperm.

Delivery process

Since the ideal way to take the test is in a clinical setting, you should study the instructions that the doctor must provide. First of all, you need to wash your hands and also your penis. Only then will the biomaterial be free of foreign impurities.

The material must be collected strictly in sterile containers, which are provided by the doctor. It must indicate the name and age of the patient. If you donate sperm at home, then for an accurate result it is important not to lose a certain amount of ejaculate. When transporting, the main thing is to avoid shaking the biomaterial, as well as avoid direct sunlight. This will result in poor test results. The liquid should also not be allowed to overcool. In this case, some of the sperm will die.

A prerequisite is the donation of the entire volume of released sperm. This is one of the important indicators for a specialist.

The process of taking a spermogram can be more enjoyable if you invite your spouse to do this, especially since many medical institutions allow this. The room for taking a spermogram is usually very comfortable and does not in any way resemble a medical room. It can be equipped with special devices for viewing video files.

Decoding the spermogram

A man’s sperm is assessed according to several indicators at once. First of all, the volume of biomaterial matters. The norm is considered to be 1.-6 ml. If the volume is larger or smaller, it means there are some pathologies. The time it takes for sperm to become more liquid is also assessed.

This usually takes no more than an hour. Otherwise there are deviations. The color of the ejaculate should be yellowish or milky. The viscosity level is within 0.5 cm. When assessing pH indicators, 7.3-7.8 is considered the norm.

Also, in a laboratory setting, the number of sperm in 1 ml of biomaterial will be counted. There should be at least 20 million of them. Experts will also evaluate their appearance and mobility. A healthy sperm should have a normal body, head, and flagellum, the length of which is 10 times the length of the entire body. Sperm cannot stick together; must be normal in all morphological characteristics.

To conceive, sperm must contain at least 50% motile, active sperm. Otherwise, a diagnosis of infertility can be made, since conception will be difficult.

Based on the test results, one of the following diagnoses can be made:

1. Oligospermia. Small amount of sperm.
2. Asthenozoospermia. Low sperm motility.
3. Oligozoospermia. The sperm count is less than 15 million per 1 ml.
4. Taratozoospermia. A variant when the majority of sperm have changed morphology and have an abnormal structure.
5. Hematospermia is the presence of blood in semen.
6. Necrospermia. This is when there are no motile sperm in the semen.

If there are no moving cells in the sperm, this does not mean that they are all dead, and the man is completely unable to conceive. Sometimes, simply, with the help of certain studies, quite living ones are found among the motionless cells, which can be used in artificial insemination. In any case, if the results are bad, be sure to take the test again. For a complete picture, doctors advise getting tested 3-4 times in 2 months. This will allow you to see the general appearance of the indicators.

Finally

A huge number of male diseases can be detected using semen analysis. Moreover, such a study should definitely be carried out for preventive purposes, to control your health. It is important to carry out the entire procedure correctly so that the indicators are as accurate as possible. To do this, you will need sterile glassware, proper preparation, abstinence and a special diet.

The specialist, after prescribing such a study, must give detailed instructions on how to prepare for the process. The main thing is not to panic if the results are bad. Most abnormalities are well treated.

Spermogram - analysis of seminal fluid to identify pathologies of the gonads and determine the degree. The accuracy of the results directly depends on the quality of the collected material. Before taking a spermogram, you must follow the rules of preparation for the procedure, otherwise the reliability will be low (). Oddly enough, in Russia there is still no clear regulation of actions (which would be approved at the federal level and mandatory) for taking a spermogram, as well as for interpreting the results. Due to this, training requirements and results may vary between clinics.

More often a spermogram is prescribed to identify the cause of male infertility. The purpose of the analysis is to detect factors that negatively affect the functioning of sperm-forming cells. Spermogram must be taken as part of a preliminary examination before artificial insemination, as well as to monitor the results of treatment of infertility and prostatitis. The ejaculate is also analyzed to assess the consequences of varicocele (varicose veins of the testicle), infectious diseases of the testicles (orchitis, epididymitis), and genital injuries. Without a spermogram, a man cannot donate germ cells for cryopreservation or become a donor.

Sperm obtained during interrupted sexual intercourse is not suitable for analysis, since it may contain foreign matter (lubricant, secretions, detergent residues). The first portion is often lost. Only ejaculate obtained through masturbation is suitable for spermogram(and with clean hands). The analysis is taken at least twice. The interval between studies is from a week to three. The period of preliminary sexual abstinence must be maintained.

The following methods are used to study the obtained material:

1. Macroscopic analysis: volume, color, smell, thickness, acidity, mucus inclusions.
2. Microscopic examination of sperm includes determining the quality and quantity of sperm, the presence of leukocytes and erythrocytes.
3. Morphological analysis of the spermogram reveals disturbances in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system.

Venereologist-urologist Ekaterina Makarova talks about all the intricacies of getting tested

1. Immunological (MAR test) - to detect antisperm antibodies (substances that attack their own germ cells). This type of study is prescribed if there are clumped spermatozoa in the ejaculate. A regular spermogram will not show the number of incompetents covered with antibodies. If there are few or no sperm, the analysis is not performed.
2. Biochemical analysis of sperm determines the quality of the gonads, which enrich the ejaculate with micro- and macroelements, fructose, and L-carnitine.
3. Analysis of sperm flora (culture) helps to identify pathogens that interfere with normal conception (for example, chlamydia).

A standard (basic) spermogram includes research using the first three methods and is used mainly to monitor treatment. Advanced implies a more detailed study (biochemistry, antibodies).

A spermatologist laboratory technician studies the spermogram. Results are usually provided the next day, but there is a service for urgent interpretation of tests - in 3-4 hours. Microflora culture cannot be accelerated; the analysis will take 5-6 days.

According to andrologists, correct calculation of spermogram results is the weak point of most modern laboratories. In large networks, this is done by a computer; in public networks, this is usually done by a doctor-embryologist. The machine is believed to work more accurately.

Preparation

Preparation consists of two stages: long-term and immediately before the procedure. The fulfillment of the following conditions is important for maximum reliability of the analysis.

In three weeks

It will take 3 months for the sperm to completely renew itself – this is how long it takes for the reproductive cell to fully mature. If there is a desire to achieve optimal sperm quality, then preparation should begin a quarter before the spermogram. If a man took steroids, it will take 6 to 12 months to restore the endocrine system.

Preparing for a spermogram (click on the images to enlarge)

Some medications have an extremely negative effect on spermatogenesis. These include:

• Antibiotics of the tetracycline group;
• Allopurinol;
• Colchicine;
• Calcium channel blockers.

After taking such medications, it is advisable to take a spermogram only after 3 months. In the instructions for the drugs, there may not be a direct indication of inhibition of the process of sperm formation for the reason that this aspect simply has not been assessed.

2 weeks before delivery

The main stage of preparation for taking a spermogram begins 2 weeks before. During this period it is important:

• Do not overheat: avoid saunas, steam baths, hot baths, do not place a laptop on the groin area, avoid long trips in a car with heated seats on. Otherwise, some of the sperm will die and the rate of their production will decrease. Even after illnesses accompanied by fever, at least 10 days must pass.
• Do not be exposed to intoxication: inhalation of paint fumes, solvents, gases.
• Do not wear tight underwear.
• Don't get too cold.

High sexual activity before taking a spermogram will lead to a decrease in the total amount of ejaculate and sperm concentration, and these indicators are important for the overall assessment. The optimal number of sexual contacts during the period of preparation for a spermogram is once every three days.

Urologist-andrologist Dmitry Sergeevich Gorelov talks about the rules of preparation before taking a spermogram.

During the week

Any intoxication has a detrimental effect on the quality of sperm, therefore, a week before taking a spermogram, you must completely give up alcohol and reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke as much as possible (it is better to avoid smoking a couple of days).

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Abstinence period(withdrawal symptoms) before spermogram according to WHO recommendations (5th edition) is from 3 to 5 days, maximum a week. Every day within a week, the concentration of sperm increases by approximately 15 million, and the volume of sperm increases by 0.4 ml. After a week, sperm activity decreases and a negative change in their morphology (structure) is possible. The preferred period for taking a spermogram is 3-4 days.. During this time, the optimal concentration of sperm is achieved and their quality is not lost.

An important factor is nutrition. A week before the spermogram, you should avoid fatty meats, excessively spicy and salty foods, frequent consumption of coffee, and sweet soda. It is also advisable to exclude chips and other fast food.

There is no need to take special medications (dietary supplements to improve sperm) without the approval of a doctor. As for kvass, doctors do not prohibit drinking it, but on the condition that it is an industrially produced non-alcoholic drink. At home, the alcohol level can be significant (up to 5°).

Stress

When preparing for a spermogram, special attention should be paid to stress factors. During the entire period of abstinence from sex, it is recommended to avoid physical and mental stress. Both of these factors drive the body into a state of stress, as a result of which sperm production slows down, their activity decreases, and morphology deteriorates. The exact mechanism of this effect is unknown. According to researchers, stress triggers the production of hormones (glucocorticoids), which change the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which affects testosterone levels and sperm synthesis.

To enlarge, click on the image

If the stress is chronic (career, illness), then the quality of the sperm will also be low, since the germ cells in such conditions are constantly exposed to oxidative effects. Preliminary rest will have a positive effect on the quality of the spermogram.

Immediately before delivery

It is advisable to come to a spermogram with an empty bowel. The time of the procedure does not matter, nor does the composition of the food eaten (except for prohibited ones). You can take antibacterial wipes with you for intimate hygiene and, just in case, a change of underwear.

Before masturbation, it is necessary to carry out hygienic procedures: rinse the penis, glans, foreskin. Do not use aggressive means. Before submitting a spermogram for bacterial culture, you must urinate to wash the contents of the urethra.

Preparing for a spermogram with a MAP test is no different from the usual one. Abstinence from sexual intercourse is not required for sowing flora.

Stages of the analysis

Where to take it: conditions at home and in the clinic

Theoretically, sperm can be obtained at home and quickly delivered to the laboratory. Doctors do not approve of this method, since in this case there is no confidence in the correct collection of ejaculate: patients bring ejaculate in an unsterile or inappropriate container, and the sperm becomes supercooled or overheated along the way. There is no longer talk of a reliable result. Basic rules for donating sperm at home:

• Use only a special container (not for urine), do not use a condom. The container and instructions can be obtained from the clinic;
• Maintaining temperature (some experts recommend delivering the container almost in the armpit);
• Do not expose to sunlight;
• The full volume of semen must be collected.

It is necessary to deliver sperm within 30 minutes(in some clinics the delivery time has been increased to an hour).

The optimal place for taking a spermogram is a special room located directly in the clinic, but not all men are psychologically ready to undergo the procedure. Some are embarrassed by video cameras, others simply cannot tune in. In such cases, you can call a courier from the clinic to your home.

What does the room look like

The size and furnishings of the room (“video stimulation room”) for taking a spermogram depends on the class of the clinic. This can be either an ordinary cramped room with a chair and a couple of porn magazines, or a cozy room with video equipment and a wide range of DVDs with relevant materials, a bathroom and hygiene items. The door is locked from the inside. Some medical institutions offer to donate sperm in the toilet or even prohibit doing this within the walls of the institution (according to reviews on the forums).

To ensure the appropriate mood, you can invite your wife or girlfriend and bring your “visual aid.” According to statistics, most men prefer to cope on their own.

Room for taking a spermogram: what does this room look like and what is it equipped with?

Where to submit

Now many people prefer the “spermogram at home” service. You need to choose a clinic, leave a request on the website or by phone, and agree with the operator on the arrival time of the courier with a special thermostat. It is better to complete the process of filling the container in advance (20 minutes before arrival). The analysis itself in Moscow costs approximately 1,900 rubles, courier delivery (within the ring) costs 500 rubles.

In the Invitro laboratory network in Moscow, a spermogram costs 1,540 rubles, in St. Petersburg – 1,650 rubles. In the Gemotest network (sperm obtained at home is not accepted), the price of the analysis will be 1,480 rubles. (Moscow). At the SM Clinic (St. Petersburg) a spermogram costs 1,790 rubles. At the Iclinic reproduction clinic (St. Petersburg), the MAP test costs 1,500 rubles, together with a spermogram - 2,900 rubles. In some public hospitals, tests can be taken free of charge.

It is better to choose a medical institution for taking a spermogram based on reviews on forums, not only on men’s, but also on women’s, for example, https://www.babyblog.ru/theme/spermogramma-v-invitro. Women often sign up their husbands for this procedure, help with the process, and then actively share the details of the situation. This information will help you avoid unnecessary stress and costs.

Diagnosis of male infertility is carried out on the basis of examination and collection of information. The main test for infertility in men is a spermogram (examination of ejaculate for fertility). Proper preparation for a spermogram allows you to obtain reliable data and avoid distortion of indicators and deviations from the norm.

The analysis is carried out not only to confirm and determine the ability to conceive. In some cases, the study is prescribed to determine the need for surgery, for example, for varicocele or upcoming treatment of cancer (for the purpose of sperm cryopreservation).

As you know, a sign of infertility is the inability of a couple who have been sexually active without using any contraception for a year to conceive a child. Worldwide, up to 15% of couples are infertile. Of these, 50% are infertile due to the male factor (abnormal ejaculate parameters). In 50% of cases the problem can be resolved with a positive outcome.

• How can a man get tested for infertility?
• Reasons for changes in male fertility
• Preparing for a spermogram
• Spermogram indicators
• Male factor infertility
• How to take a spermogram?

How to test a man for infertility? To begin with, it is enough to prepare and take a spermogram. Examining ejaculate is not difficult and it immediately becomes clear whether it is necessary to further examine the spouse or look for the cause in the woman.

Causes of male infertility

The causes of infertility in men are often factors that can be corrected in 50% of cases. Among them:

• general health status;
• negative environmental factors;
• Lifestyle;
• urological diseases;
• genetic reasons;
• incorrect functioning of the immune system.

When should you not delay and take a spermogram?

• In the presence of an anamnesis of operations on the organs of the scrotum and in the groin area (varicocele, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, dropsy, adnexal cysts).
• For inflammatory diseases of the genital organs: epididymitis, orchitis, mumps (mumps). You especially need to be wary if the disease is of chlamydial etiology).
• If the woman is over 35 years old.

In these cases, regular sexual activity is needed for 3-6 months; if pregnancy does not occur, examinations should be started.

Preparing for a spermogram

Preparation for taking a spermogram includes:

• Sexual abstinence before taking the test for 3-5 days. Moreover, all forms of sexual activity are excluded.
• Be sure to avoid overheating. And this needs to be done a few days earlier: not 3-5 days, but 7-10 days before a man is tested for infertility (baths, saunas and hot baths)
• Preparation before taking a spermogram is a mandatory limitation of fatty, spicy, fried foods and the exclusion of alcohol intake.

Test for infertility in men. What do you need to know?

When preparing before a spermogram, you need to take into account that the development cycle of spermatogenesis - from the birth of a sperm in the testicle to its entry into the sperm - lasts on average 72 days (65-75 days).

During this time, the quality of the ejaculate may be affected by unfavorable factors. For example, severe pneumonia with a high temperature of up to 40 C°. Therefore, within two months, when taking the test, signs of male infertility may be revealed (although in reality this will not be reliable). Therefore, if you know that something serious has happened to a man over the last 3 months, wait until 3 months have passed and take the spermogram again.

Antisperm antibody test

Spermogram indicators

Ejaculate is a multicomponent mixture, each component of which is important and is assessed in conjunction with other spermogram indicators.

In the analysis of ejaculate, first of all, the following indicators are assessed:

• the number of sperm, the so-called concentration in 1 ml and total (for the entire volume of sperm);
• ability to move – mobility;
• morphology is what sperm look like - the correctness of their structure.

Male factor infertility

1. Oligozoospermia – decreased sperm count. For example, 15 million sperm per ml and below is considered oligozoospermia. There is such a term as polyspermy, when the number of sperm is increased. Such sperm is a normal variant and is not considered bad.
2. Asthenozoospermia – decreased mobility.
3. Taratozoospermia is a decrease in the number of germ cells with an ideal anatomical structure.
4. Oligospermia - a small amount of the seed itself (less than 1.5 ml).
5. Aspermia - complete absence of ejaculate - no sperm is released.
6. Azoospermia – there is sperm, but there are no sperm in it.
7. Combined forms, for example, oligoasthenoteratospermia.
8. Necrospermia – absence of mobile forms. In the modern world, an immobile sperm does not mean dead. And the word “necro” means dead. Nowadays, among immobile spermatozoa, using the hypoosmolar swelling test, living forms can be identified and used in the IVF ICSI program.
9. Cryptospermia is a very common finding when visiting reproductive clinics for the purpose of IVF for male factor infertility. This is the detection of single sperm in the sediment after centrifugation. That is, in native sperm, spermatozoa are not detected during normal analysis, but during centrifugation, mobile or immobile single male germ cells are detected. Which doctors have learned to use for fertilization using the IVF ICSI method.
10. An autoimmune conflict is an increase in the MAP test; more than 50% of sperm are covered with immune antibodies.
11. Leukocytospermia (pyospermia) – an increase in the number of leukocytes. Leukocytes are not always a sign of inflammation. Congestion - venous tension of the pelvic veins, scrotal veins with varicocele can be caused by an increased content of leukocytes. After this conclusion, you need, first of all, to understand where these leukocytes come from, find out their origin, rule out inflammation, and do a bacterial culture. Only then, having proven the diagnosis, treat the inflammatory process.
12. Hematosperemia – blood in semen. The most common cause is vesiculitis - inflammation of the seminal vesicles or weakness of the vascular wall of the vesicles due to venous stagnation. Up to 65% of the volume of the total ejaculate is formed in the seminal vesicles.

It must be remembered that in many cases the male factor of infertility is unstable and can be corrected.

How to take a spermogram?

The best method for taking a spermogram according to WHO recommendations is masturbation. Other methods have disadvantages. Interrupted sexual intercourse is undesirable because it may result in the loss of some sperm, the addition of impurities, leukocytes, and flora. The use of a condom is not allowed. In the production of condoms, a bactericidal lubricant is used, which distorts the analysis results. Condoms without lubricant are available, but the effect of latex on sperm has not been studied.

Before taking a spermogram, you need to purchase a sterile plastic, biologically inert container. This glassware is convenient for transportation and work in the laboratory.

In paid clinics there are specially equipped rooms for taking spermograms (sperm delivery or masturbation rooms), with a sofa and comfortable furnishings, with a device for playing video.

In order to take a spermogram, you can invite your spouse. The room is locked. The man must control himself, achieve orgasm and collect the ejaculate in a special container. The sample is immediately sent to the laboratory. Collecting semen for analysis at home and bringing it to the clinic is possible in exceptional cases. Improper transportation, violation of temperature conditions, fluctuations during movement damage male reproductive cells. As a result, poor diagnostics and unreliable results.

Ordinary clinics are not yet ready to equip such rooms, so men take a spermogram in an empty closed office, not far from the laboratory.

Correct sequence of actions:

• urinate;
• wash your hands with soap;
• open the sterile container without touching the inner surface;
• collect the ejaculate in a container;
• close it;
• leave on a shelf or table.

It’s easy to submit ejaculate for analysis; the main thing is to prepare yourself psychologically and prepare for the spermogram correctly. And remember that the quality of a man’s semen changes over time, and if unfavorable conditions, stress, and diseases are eliminated, the indicators return to normal. Try not to interpret the results yourself, since male fertility is assessed in a complex manner based on all indicators at once.

Related articles:

Spermogram for IVF

Sperm freezing

How to prepare for IVF

Testicular biopsy

What is PGD?

What is artificial insemination?

Preparing a woman's body for pregnancy

The average man has two questions about the possibility of undergoing an analysis such as a spermogram - why and how. Despite the fact that medicine has already officially proven that in approximately 40% of cases of family infertility it is the representatives of the stronger half of humanity who are to blame, most men still continue to underestimate their own capabilities and even the lack thereof.

The decision to go to the clinic and take a spermogram is often assessed by them as a real feat when the family needs saving. In order for the analysis results to be reliable and error-free, a man must know the rules for preparing and donating sperm. We will talk about this in more detail.

Indications for analysis

A spermogram, which is a thorough laboratory study of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm, is recommended for a man to take if the family decides to plan a pregnancy. It is at the planning stage, and not when the couple goes to the doctor with complaints about the inability to conceive a child.

Early detection of deviations in the quality and functionality of sperm will help the family save a lot of time, nerves and money, which the couple will spend on unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant by other means, if the cause of infertility lies precisely in the man.

If a spermogram was not done in advance, it’s time to think about the likelihood of such an examination if, within a year, a couple with unprotected sex and regular sexual relations fails to conceive a baby.

A couple in which the woman is over 35 years old or the man is over 45 years old is advised to start ringing the bell if sex without contraception does not lead to pregnancy within six months.

A spermogram is also performed on a man if infertility is detected in a woman. In the event that the treatment does not provide the desired result, the couple will be offered modern assisted reproductive methods, such as IVF, ICSI, and intrauterine insemination. For all these methods, it is important to have healthy sperm that can quickly and efficiently fertilize the egg through the mediation of doctors.

A spermogram may be recommended to a man as a control diagnosis after suffering injuries to the genital organs, infections, including those ailments that are sexually transmitted. After treatment, the doctor will definitely give recommendations to check the quality of the semen in the laboratory.

Men whose wives have suffered miscarriages several times in a row or have had frozen pregnancies, especially in the early stages, are urged to undergo a spermogram. This may indirectly indicate that the sperm that fertilized the egg was subject to mutation, and therefore a normal healthy pregnancy did not happen.

Men must have their semen tested before becoming a sperm donor. Those who decide to cryopreserve their genetic material, in particular sperm, are also sent for analysis. Freezing “for the future” is a good option for becoming dads someday later. Cryopreservation is often chosen by professional military personnel who work in combat conditions, as well as men whose work activities are associated with dangerous and harmful production, where there is a high probability of exposure to toxins and radiation.

About the essence of spermogram

A sample of a man's seminal fluid is subject to careful examination under high-precision modern microscopes, using special devices - sperm analyzers. During the study, the doctor evaluates the number of different parameters:

• liquids;
• live and motile spermatozoa;
• healthy and ideal germ cells for fertilization.

Every parameter is important - from counting living and active cells to assessing the morphological qualities of sperm according to Kruger. These criteria make it possible to “sort out” normal reference cells from spermatozoa that are susceptible to mutations, have deformities and pathologies in their own structure. Nature does not provide healthy offspring from such cells.

The analysis not only gives a complete picture of how capable a man is of fertilization, but also reveals some pathologies of the male reproductive system, detecting signs of inflammation or infection in the seminal fluid. Thus, impurities of blood and pus may be present in the seminal fluid, pathogenic microorganisms, a large number of leukocytes, macrophage cells, and antibodies to sperm in immunological infertility may be detected.

Based on the results of a spermogram, hidden infections that a man did not even suspect about, for example, mycoplasma, chlamydia, ureaplasma and others can be revealed.

Accurate diagnoses will be helped by other tests, in particular blood tests and urethral smears, but suspicions of these ailments, which are asymptomatic, may arise precisely after a spermogram. Today, a spermogram is considered the most accurate and informative method for judging the state of a man’s fertility.

Preparation

To ensure the most accurate results, a man should prepare as thoroughly as possible for the upcoming examination. To do this, you need to understand what factors can affect the condition of the ejaculate:

• external factors - air temperature, cleanliness of the dishes in which material is collected for laboratory research;
• internal factors - they are much more numerous. The condition of sperm is influenced by the man’s health, his well-being, what he eats and drinks, and even the environmental features of the area in which he lives.

To take a spermogram correctly, you need to complete several points, which we will discuss in more detail.

Nutrition

The food a man eats necessarily affects the composition of the ejaculate. Therefore, before donating seminal fluid, you should stop eating spicy food - pepper, mustard and other spices - for about 7-8 days.

An abundance of salted and smoked foods is also considered undesirable. You should temporarily stop drinking strong coffee and tea, even if a man does not see the start of his working day without a cup of coffee.

You can replace your usual coffee with a drink made from chicory - the taste is almost the same, but it does not contain caffeine, which affects the motility and viability of sperm germ cells. The ban is imposed on everything fatty, on pickled foods and canned food.

To ensure that the amount of ejaculate at the time of delivery is sufficient, and the motility of germ cells is at its peak of activity, a man should eat a balanced diet for a week or even a little more.

His diet must include foods rich in proteins. Lean red meat, steamed or oven-cooked fish, milk porridge, vegetable purees - this is an example of proper nutrition before a spermogram.

It will be good if your diet includes baked or stewed pumpkin, fresh herbs, raw vegetables and fruits. You should definitely eat cottage cheese, milk, and fermented milk products.

Bad habits

Alcohol makes sperm more liquid, reduces the number of mobile and healthy germ cells, and systematic consumption of alcoholic beverages causes mutation processes in the structure of sperm, which increases the likelihood of both infertility and the conception of a child with severe genetic pathologies, since sperm is the carrier of genetic information.

Drugs are even more destructive. A Nicotine reduces the number of motile sperm, and this is also a medically proven fact.

If a man has bad habits, it is advisable to say goodbye to them at the pregnancy planning stage at least 3 months in advance. This is exactly the time required for the process of spermatogenesis to be completed and the germ cells to be completely renewed. If this has not been done, then before taking a spermogram you should abstain from beer and stronger drinks for at least 7-9 days.

In most cases, men cannot give up smoking, but they should at least halve the amount of tobacco consumed, and on the day of the test, refrain from smoking altogether.

Sexual activity

Approximately three days before the appointed day, a man should limit his sexual activity - not perform sexual intercourse and not masturbate. Otherwise, the amount of sperm will be insufficient for research, and its consistency will be liquid (the number of sperm will be reduced).

Abstinence exceeding 4-5 days is also undesirable, since it leads to thickening of the seminal fluid, aggregation, the formation of clots, as well as a decrease in the number of living and healthy sperm.

Medicines, treatment

If a man has taken antibiotics, then at least 3 weeks must pass between the last day of treatment and the spermogram. If hormonal treatment has been prescribed, then the pause should be longer - at least a month.

Non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs that a man may have taken recently, as well as painkillers, affect the composition of sperm for about 10 days.

Psychotropic drugs and anticonvulsants are eliminated from the body in about 7 days. This should be taken into account when preparing for a spermogram.

If treatment continues, and there is no way to temporarily stop taking the drugs, then the spermogram should be postponed until a later time, when therapy for the underlying disease is completed.

If a man plays sports and takes certain hormonal drugs, such as steroids, they should be stopped about 2 months before the test.

General health

A man should be more attentive to his well-being and body signals for 5-6 days before the test. Any acute illness or exacerbation of chronic illnesses will distort the picture of reproductive health. So, with influenza or acute respiratory viral infection, a large number of sperm die against the background of high temperature.

A spermogram taken at the onset of the disease, at its height, or immediately after recovery will show deviations in the number of viable germ cells, and the man may be mistakenly diagnosed with infertility.

If it was not possible to protect yourself from infection, and signs of a viral disease appear or old “sores” worsen, you should inform your doctor about this and postpone the spermogram to a later time.

Temperature

Before taking a spermogram, you should avoid visiting a bathhouse, sauna, or solarium for about 10 days. In these places, the male genitals are heated, which leads to an increase in the number of dead germ cells in the ejaculate.

Even if a man really loves going to the bathhouse and does it every week, the next trip should be postponed until better times. It is also not recommended to sunbathe on the beach in the summer and use heated car seats in the cold season.

Physical activity

In general, a man should lead a normal lifestyle during preparation. However, if his activity is associated with heavy physical labor or professional sports, the stress on the body should be limited for a week.

It is advisable to give up night shift work this week and be sure to get enough sleep at night. Excessive physical activity can negatively affect the composition of seminal fluid. Therefore, it makes sense to temporarily refuse to visit the gym.

Psychological attitude

A good mood and calmness largely ensure the normal functioning of the human reproductive system. Before taking the test, it is not recommended to be nervous, depressed or emotionally overexcited.

All showdowns with your superiors, as well as parachute jumping and other activities that can affect your mental state, should be postponed until later.

Mechanical impact on the genitals

Before a spermogram, you should not massage the prostate gland and scrotum. Usually these procedures are quite useful, but not before assessing the condition of the seminal fluid.

The prostate may begin to produce more juice, causing the sperm to become thinner. You should also not wear tight, tight underwear or tight swimming trunks.

How is research material submitted?

The process of donating sperm itself looks quite traditional, the man will not experience any unpleasant sensations. There are two ways to collect material for analysis - in the clinic and at home. The Ministry of Health gives certain recommendations on this matter, calling delivery in a medical institution more preferable.

The man is given a sterile container for biomaterials and left alone in an office with adult magazines. Through masturbation, he obtains a sample of seminal fluid, which should be collected in a container. The material is immediately sent to the laboratory.

The big advantage of such a test is its efficiency, because the sperm reaches the laboratory technicians just a few minutes after ejaculation, and the accuracy of the study increases. The downside is the psychological discomfort that a man may experience if he is forced to masturbate in unfamiliar conditions.

At home, collecting seminal fluid completely eliminates psychological discomfort, because the man is familiar with the environment.

If this option is agreed upon in advance at the clinic, the man will be given a sterile container and a special medical condom that does not contain lubricant that destroys sperm. In it, a man can have full sexual intercourse with his partner, after which he needs to collect the material in a container and deliver it to the laboratory.

At home, a man can also obtain material for research through masturbation, including with the participation of his wife. There are plenty of options for obtaining sperm.

It is important to remember that the jar must be sterile, your hands must be clean, and the container must be delivered to the laboratory no later than an hour later, or better yet, earlier.

During transportation, the ambient temperature should be close to human body temperature. You can use special medical thermal containers for transporting biomaterials, or you can, and this has been tested by generations of men, place a tightly closed container with sperm in the wife’s bust, between the mammary glands, and so, together with the wife, deliver it to the laboratory.

Common Mistakes

The most common mistake made by men who take a spermogram, especially if they are tested for the first time, is that they collect sperm in a plastic or glass non-sterile container.

Plastic jars not intended for biological fluids may contain toxic impurities that kill germ cells even before the seminal fluid reaches the laboratory. Sometimes men bring sperm for analysis in a condom. An ordinary condom, even the best one, is not suitable for storing sperm, much less for transporting it.

If the collection is carried out in a medical condom, then sperm cannot be transported in it either.

Ignoring the recommendations of doctors, men sometimes believe that material can be collected through interrupted sexual intercourse. Being confident that they will “make it”, many in fact do not remove the penis in time and collect the material, as a result of which the sperm is not obtained in full, it contains admixtures of vaginal secretion, blood cells (for example, from the genital tract or cervix women with erosion).

Having received one negative test, many men are in no hurry to retake it and immediately begin treatment.

Refusal to undergo a spermogram is also a common mistake. This is the “sin” of men who already have children in this or a previous marriage, but are faced with the impossibility of conceiving another child.

If a man already has children, this does not mean that nothing has happened to his sperm in the time since the previous fertilization that could affect its properties. Toxins, radiation, nervous stress, poor environmental conditions, and bad habits take their toll over time, and a man’s fertility may decrease.

Contraindications

All men who are undergoing this analysis need to prepare for a spermogram. Without preparation, you can get incorrect, false results, and often these results are false negatives.

The analysis is not carried out in the following cases:

• A man has inflammatory processes in the body, regardless of their location, against a background of high temperature.
• The man has acute inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.
• The patient fell ill with the flu, ARVI or other infections.
• The man is being treated with antibiotics, hormonal drugs, and drugs for the treatment of cancer.
• The patient's chronic diseases have worsened.

In all these cases, the examination is postponed to a later time.

The analysis is done from several hours to several days, on average it takes about a day. You will be given a form with the results entered into it without decoding. The interpretation of the spermogram is carried out by the attending physician.

For information about what a spermogram is and how the analysis is deciphered, see below.

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Preparing for a spermogram is an important issue that interests most men who are faced with problems of procreation and disorders of the reproductive system. A number of diseases have been described in medicine that affect the genitourinary system of the stronger sex. A spermogram is the best technique today, which allows you to more accurately determine the ability of a man, or rather, his biological material, to fertilize a woman’s egg. In order for the analysis to provide more accurate results, it is very important to prepare for a spermogram in compliance with special rules. Below we will discuss how to properly prepare for the analysis.

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1 When is a spermogram required, how does the process go?

Any tests must be prescribed for a man by a doctor. There must be indications for a spermogram. Spermogram readings are determined by:

1. Testing the fertility of a representative of the stronger sex.
2. Study of the ability of sperm fertilization.
3. Problems conceiving within 6 months.
4. Study of sperm activity, quality of testicular function.

The analysis is carried out in two steps:

1. At the first stage, a study of the properties of the material is carried out. The examination is mainly carried out in order to study the viscosity of the material, as well as the time during which it liquefies. In addition, at this stage, sperm volumes, acidity of the material, color and consistency are studied.
2. At the second stage, sperm is examined under a microscope. The medical device allows you to accurately count the number of sperm. At this stage, sperm motility and quality are studied. The ratio of motile and immobile cells is studied. Determine whether there is inflammation (if a large percentage of leukocytes is detected in the sperm).

2 How to properly prepare for research?

Exceptionally correct, competent preparation for a spermogram makes it possible to establish the correct diagnosis. How to prepare correctly? Doctors have identified several rules that are extremely important to follow. Preparing for a spermogram consists of 10 points, and it is important to comply with all of them. None of the points can be excluded, since otherwise the result will be incorrect and the diagnosis made will be erroneous. The preparation is simple:

1. Before the spermogram, approximately 7 days before the test, the patient must adhere to a special diet. Fatty foods, canned food, coffee drinks, and strong teas should be removed from the patient’s menu. This is done in order to get the correct result, since the above foods help reduce semen volume and reduce sperm motility. To create conditions for increasing sperm activity, it is recommended to include dairy products, protein-rich foods, and foods rich in vitamins in the diet.
2. In preparation for the study, you need to abstain from sexual intercourse for 2-3 days. This is necessary to ensure that the research data is as accurate as possible. If you do not abstain, sperm volumes may be small and the test will be inaccurate. However, you need to know that abstinence for more than a week can also distort the spermogram results. If abstinence lasts more than 7 days, sperm will die in the seminal vesicles.
3. In preparation for the test, approximately 7 days before the test, you should completely abstain from alcoholic beverages. Alcohol reduces sperm motility, reduces their activity, changes shape and at the same time increases the number of inactive sperm.
4. If a man is diagnosed with diseases of the genitourinary system, then it is important to first cure the inflammatory process, and only then prepare for a spermogram. The course of treatment for inflammation must be completed no later than 7 days before the study. This is necessary in order for medications to be removed from the body, as they can distort the results of the study.
5. The procedure should be rescheduled in case of acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infections. The study can be done after complete recovery, since intoxication during the period of illness will distort the result of the spermogram.
6. To properly prepare, you should avoid going to the bathhouse or sauna, since the high temperatures that affect a man’s body interfere with the maturation of new cells.
7. A man is prohibited from working out in the gym before the procedure and generally overloading the body, as this will also distort the results of the spermogram.
8. Depressive states and stress should be avoided, as this affects hormonal levels, and as a result, study indicators change.
9. Under no circumstances should you massage the prostate, even if the procedure was prescribed by a doctor. Prostate massage worsens sperm quality and distorts test results.
10. Before the study, you need to get a very good night's sleep and rest.

A spermogram as a study is very effective, but only with proper preparation can one guarantee correct results, on which the diagnosis will depend and effective treatment will be prescribed.

3 Norms, interpretation, mistakes of men

A spermogram allows you to determine the quality and quantity of sperm and evaluates the possibility of conceiving a child. In medicine, it is recognized that sperm analysis and its further research are an important method for assessing the functionality of the gonads and the fertility of representatives of the stronger half. The study is prescribed at the first visit to a urologist or andrologist if infertility is suspected. When the spermogram is normal, then one study is enough.

The recommendations of the Ministry of Health explain that in case of a negative result, a spermogram should be performed again at an interval of 1-3 weeks. If the results of the first and second studies differ greatly, then the spermogram with the best indicators is taken for research.

In this case, the main criterion will be sperm motility. The rules for preparing for a spermogram were listed above. Let's talk about the rules for donating sperm. The main method of taking the test is masturbation. It is believed that it is better to take the test in a clinic than at home, since while the patient is transporting the material from home, he cannot always maintain the correct temperature conditions for transportation and the optimal time of delivery to the laboratory. Patients usually make the same mistakes. The main ones are the following:

1. The material is collected in non-sterile, dirty containers. Plastic containers are tested and must not be toxic to germ cells.
2. The ejaculate is brought in a condom.
3. The material was obtained during interrupted sexual intercourse.
4. Sperm collected in insufficient volumes.
5. Sperm was transported at the wrong temperature. Permissible temperature limits are from 20 to 36 °C.

The spermogram result is given to the patient without description. The transcript is made by the attending doctor during the appointment after the study. The norms for the study indicators will be given below, but only a doctor can prescribe treatment. Nomes of indicators are presented for volumes of material from 2 to 6 ml, with a sperm concentration of 20 million/ml and 40 million in the total volume. Mobility is divided into categories, they are as follows:

1. Active. They move very quickly and correctly. Not less than 25%.
2. Sedentary. They move slowly, progressively. Normal is a symbiosis of active and weakly active cells, at least 50% of the total number.
3. Swinging. They move slowly and sway at the same time. From 5 to 15%.
4. Fixed. Older sperm that have died or are dying. From 10 to 20%.

It is important to understand that every man has all four categories of motility, and this is associated with different ages of sperm. High-quality sperm should be morphologically more than 50%.

Normally there should be no adhesion or agglutination. The acidity of the material should be between 7.2 and 8 pH. It takes more than an hour for the ejaculate to liquefy - this is the norm. The viscosity should be no more than 2 cm. If the viscosity is increased, then when moving, the cells quickly lose energy, and the possibility of meeting an egg is reduced.

The MAR test is positive if at least 50% of the mobile material, the ejaculate, is coated with antibodies is detected. A standard spermogram regards them as normal, but these cells do not take part in the fertilization of the egg, because antibodies act as an obstacle. A MAR test with negative results may indicate that the patient is infertile. After examining the spermogram, the doctor makes one of the following diagnoses:

1. When the tests are normal and the patient is healthy, the doctor diagnoses normospermia.
2. If the sperm count is low, the doctor diagnoses oligozoospermia.
3. With low sperm motility, a diagnosis of asthenozoospermia is made.
4. With a low number of normal forms, a diagnosis of teratozoospermia is made.
5. If there is a complete absence of cells in the ejaculate, azoospermia is diagnosed.
6. In the complete absence of sperm, the doctor diagnoses aspermia. In this case, an additional examination is prescribed for the presence of retrograde ejaculation.

A doctor can diagnose necrozoospermia in the complete absence of living cells. The diagnosis of leukocytospermia is possible when the leukocyte count is exceeded. Hemospermia - in the presence of red blood cells in the material.

4 Limitations to the study

1. If over the course of 30 days a man’s body temperature rises to 38-39 °C at least once.
2. If a man took medications, antibiotics for 90 days.
3. Immediately after sexual intercourse with a woman.
4. After visiting a sauna, steam bath or after taking a hot bath.
5. During the period of acute colds.
6. After taking alcoholic drinks and medications.
7. During the period of exacerbation of pathological diseases.
8. If urethritis is diagnosed.
9. If prostatitis is diagnosed.
10. If orchitis is diagnosed.
11. If cystitis is diagnosed.
12. After massaging the prostate.
13. After experiencing stress or during a period of depression.

5 Treatment of infertility in men

Therapy for male infertility includes:

1. Surgical treatment.
2. Treatment of infection.
3. Treatment of sexual problems.
4. Correction of hormonal imbalance, hormonal therapy.
5. Treatment with physiotherapy.
6. Assisted reproductive technologies.

The principle of infertility treatment is to conduct an examination of both partners: both the man and the woman. When diagnosing and treating infertility in a man, it is necessary to take into account the fertile status of his partner. This status may influence the result.

In addition, the urologist must examine the man for the presence of infections of the genitourinary system, since in order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, the exact cause must be known. It is very important not to despair, but to start treatment. With modern medicine, good treatment results can be achieved. Perseverance and common sense will definitely be rewarded.

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If a man is suspected of infertility, the doctor will prescribe a spermogram. This laboratory analysis makes it possible to determine the main indicators of the ejaculate. In order for the examination result to be as reliable as possible, it is important to properly prepare for taking it. What does a man who needs to take a spermogram need to know?

Features of the analysis

A spermogram is a biochemical analysis of sperm that allows one to identify the reasons for a couple’s inability to conceive a child. During its delivery the following is assessed:

• The volume of ejaculate, its color and degree of viscosity.
• Structure and motility of sperm.

• The number of sperm in the seminal fluid.
• The presence of infections and pathogenic bacteria in the ejaculate.

The difficulty in conducting the examination lies in the fact that collecting ejaculate requires certain conditions and special preparation, otherwise its composition and main indicators may change.

The study of the material takes place in two stages. First, its viscosity, quantity, liquefaction rate, color and acidity level are assessed. At the second stage, the sperm is examined under a microscope. At the same time, its main indicators are determined (sperm shape, their motility, the presence of inflammatory processes and the level of leukocytes).

Embryologist Alexandra Bartovna Struif explains how ejaculate analysis is carried out:

The result of the test makes it possible not only to establish the general picture of a man’s health, but also to identify various disorders in the composition or function of sperm, as well as the main causes of this condition.

Indications for donating sperm for analysis are:

1. A couple planning a pregnancy.
2. Preparation for IVF if conception naturally is not possible.
3. The man has a history of various hormonal disorders, injuries and inflammatory processes of the appendages or prostate, varicocele, etc.

1. Determining a man's ability to conceive.
2. Diagnosis of infertility in a man if fertilization has not occurred after more than 12 months of regular sexual activity without contraception.

It is mandatory for potential semen donors to submit sperm for analysis.

At what age can you take a spermogram? Every man who wants to have children, regardless of his age, can undergo the study.

Preparing for a spermogram

Whatever the reason why a man needs to have his sperm tested, it is important to properly prepare for this procedure and submit the material. Only in this case can the research result be considered reliable.

Preparing for a spermogram

When prescribing a test for a man, the doctor will give certain recommendations that must be followed at the stage of preparation for the test. To do this you need:

• Abstain from sex for several days. If you ignore this rule, the resulting volume of ejaculate will be reduced.
• If abstinence before a spermogram is longer than 4 days, then sperm activity may be reduced.
• For 7-10 days before taking a spermogram, you should not take a hot bath or visit saunas or steam baths.

Urologist-andrologist Igor Alekseevich Korneev tells how to prepare for the study of ejaculate:

• Before the procedure, you should avoid stressful situations and heavy physical activity.
• For 4 days before collecting ejaculate, it is prohibited to drink alcohol or take any medications. If a man is sick with a cold, the spermogram is postponed until complete recovery.
• During the week before the test, you need to adhere to a certain diet. In this case, you should avoid eating fatty and fried foods, spicy and canned foods, and strong tea or coffee. Before taking a spermogram, you should have a light breakfast.

For several days before taking a spermogram, a man is advised to completely stop taking any medications. This is especially true for antibiotics. This is due to the fact that the effect of antibacterial agents has a significant impact on many functions of the male body, including leading to inhibition of sperm. Therefore, the results of the study may be unreliable. The quality of the ejaculate can be updated only 3 months after the end of taking such medications.

Alcohol has the same effect on sperm. Alcoholic drinks can worsen sperm count for a long period of time. If they were taken immediately before the study, then with a high degree of probability, the result of the analysis will be bad. Reviews from doctors prove that ethyl alcohol negatively affects the condition of all organ systems and metabolic processes in the body.

How does alcohol affect sperm? More details in the video:

If the test results of a man who regularly drinks alcohol are negative, then the doctor can conclude that serious changes in the functioning of the reproductive system have occurred in his body. With complete abstinence from alcohol, there is a possibility of a gradual restoration of the quality of seminal fluid.

It is important to remember that smoking can negatively affect the quality of sperm.

How to take a spermogram?

When prescribing a test for a man, the doctor will tell you in detail how a spermogram is done. It is impossible to collect ejaculate at home. The procedure is carried out in a hospital setting through masturbation. For this purpose, special rooms are created in medical centers with comfortable conditions for the patient. If a man has difficulty collecting material, he will be offered special magazines with erotic content or watch relevant videos. To collect sperm, a special container made of plastic or glass is used, which is immediately sent to the laboratory for testing. Seminal fluid must be examined within 1 hour from the date of analysis.

Analysis stages

How much it costs to donate sperm depends on the clinic where the analysis is performed and the type of spermogram (simple or extended).

The rules for taking a spermogram are the same for everyone:

1. Before taking a spermogram, it is important to wash your hands and penis with soap.
2. To take a spermogram, you cannot use interrupted sexual intercourse to collect material, since cells from the walls of the vagina can get here, and this can somewhat distort the result of the analysis. It is also not allowed to use a condom to collect sperm during a spermogram. This is due to the fact that the product may contain a lubricant, the components of which will get into the material for research.
3. When handing over a container with ejaculate to a laboratory assistant, the patient must fill out a special form indicating his personal data (age, full name, etc.).

From the video with venereologist-urologist Ekaterina Makarova, you will learn how to take the test correctly:

1. To exclude the possibility of immunological infertility, when taking a spermogram, a man will be advised to do a MAP test.
2. For a more accurate picture of the condition of the male body, it is recommended to take a spermogram several times (2-3) over 1-2 months. If, as a result of the analysis, any violations were identified, the doctor will be able to determine their nature (permanent or temporary). In this case, the doctor will tell you how to prepare for a spermogram and when it needs to be taken again. To obtain more accurate data, the patient is advised to get tested in different clinics.

Analysis results

How long does the analysis take? Typically, a spermogram takes 2-3 days. Decryption gives the following data:

• Sperm count.
• Their mobility. It is important to remember that with each subsequent sexual intercourse, especially if they occur one after another, the number of mobile specimens decreases. Therefore, the doctor always explains to the couple that if they decide to conceive a child, then it is absolutely not necessary for sexual intercourse to be too frequent. As a result of repeated sexual contacts, “young” sperm are formed that are not able to overcome the long journey to the egg. Therefore, the male body needs rest. And it’s better to have only one full sexual intercourse. It has been established that after two days of abstinence, a man’s ejaculate contains the maximum number of viable sperm.

• The structure of sperm. This indicator is considered one of the main ones, since its deviation provokes infertility. The shape of the cells can change as a result of impaired functioning of the gonads, prolonged abstinence, the presence of inflammatory processes and certain diseases (prostatitis, etc.).
• Incorrect accumulation (aggregation). In this case, cell motility decreases. Violation may occur as a result of certain diseases. This condition requires mandatory treatment.
• Leukocyte level. If this indicator is exceeded, we can talk about the presence of an inflammatory process in the male reproductive system.

It is important to remember that all indicators are purely individual. Therefore, doctors prefer to periodically recheck them, giving the patient advice that will help increase the likelihood of conception.

Even if the test results are negative, this is not a reason to panic. Today, medications have been developed that help successfully overcome the diagnosis of infertility and give a man a chance to become a father.

Preparing for a spermogram is an important step before taking this test. This research method is indicated for men who want to know the state of their reproductive system, or who are planning a pregnancy that does not occur for a long time. Examination of seminal fluid allows you to determine whether there are sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.

Preparing for a spermogram will give you the opportunity to get the most accurate analysis results. Based on them, the doctor will tell you whether treatment is necessary, or perhaps you will simply need to change your usual lifestyle. Let's take a closer look at what a spermogram is, preparation for it, and what not to do.

Procedure

In medicine, a spermogram is a method for examining a man’s seminal fluid, the results of which determine the level of fertility, as well as the ability to naturally conceive (fertilize an egg).

The main indications for diagnosing this type of reproductive system are:

1. The likelihood of the presence of male factor infertility (if pregnancy does not occur after sexual activity for more than one year without contraception);
2. Suspicion of the presence of pathologies that negatively affect the functioning of the reproductive and reproductive systems, for example, hormonal imbalance, intoxication, inflammation and infectious diseases, trauma to the scrotum (testicles);
3. Complications after surgery during the recovery period, which significantly reduce sperm quality;
4. General examination of the body, as well as mandatory diagnostics of men who wish to donate ejaculate;
5. Attempts to conceive a child using assisted reproductive technologies (IVF or ICSI).

Considering such versatile indications, preparing a man for a spermogram is no less important than the results he will receive after studying the biological mass. Among the indicators that the analysis evaluates, experts note the following:

• The volume of ejaculate obtained at one time;
• Semen density level;
• Sperm motility;
• Biochemical and morphological characteristics of sperm;
• The presence or absence of antisperm antibodies;
• Acidity of the environment;
• Presence and number of leukocytes.

Any deviations from normal indicators will be considered a pathology, but the exact cause of its development can only be established after a thorough diagnosis of the whole organism. Since the results of the analysis are a marker of the state of the male reproductive system, it is important to know how to prepare for a spermogram.

Preparation

Preparing to take a spermogram for a man is a simple set of measures, which the doctor who ordered the test must talk about. The main recommendation before a spermogram is always to maintain physical rest. For about two days before the analysis, you need to lead a measured lifestyle and get a good night's sleep.

In order for the body to be able to produce the required volume of ejaculate, it is better to drink a complex of vitamins at least 14 days before taking a spermogram. A specialist should tell you exactly what substances should be taken, because independent prescription can distort the real picture.

Preparation before a spermogram also includes remaining calm. If a man is under stress, then the body actively produces hormones that have a negative effect on the seminal vesicles and the prostate itself. Against this background, a small amount of ejaculate will be produced.

Answering in detail the question of how to prepare for a spermogram, you also need to clarify the point that approximately three days before the analysis you should stop using cosmetics for intimate hygiene. Before going to the clinic, you need to take a perfume, but not hot, but warm, preferably without using soap and gels so that they do not get on the genitals.

Many men are interested in how many days of abstinence before a spermogram the doctor recommends. In most cases, sexual rest is required for 10 to 12 days. This will be enough for the ejaculate to be cleared of female microflora and acquire its natural characteristics. If a spermogram is prescribed, abstinence for 12 days is necessary in situations where the man was taking any medications.

What is prohibited

When considering in detail the question of how a man can prepare for a spermogram, one should not forget about some prohibitions. Therefore, we will consider in more detail what should not be done before a spermogram.

First of all, you must abstain from any sexual contact, including masturbation. Abstinence before a spermogram should be at least two days. This time will be enough for the ejaculate to accumulate in the genitals and for the sperm to mature.

It should be noted that abstinence and spermogram always go next to each other, because only in this way can the body be cleansed as much as possible, for example, it takes about a week to eliminate signs of female microflora. Otherwise, the analysis results will be distorted.

Abstinence before taking a spermogram lasts on average 7 days; doctors do not recommend limiting yourself in sexual intercourse any longer. However, it all depends on what the primary diagnosis was and why such a study was prescribed. Longer abstinence will lead to a high concentration of naturally dead sperm in the ejaculate, which will indicate pathology.

1. It is necessary to observe the temperature regime, avoiding overheating of the scrotum (optimal indicators for sperm are 32-32 degrees);
2. In order for sperm maturation to take place at the proper level, you should not wear tight and tight trousers, as well as swimming trunks;
3. You should not visit a bathhouse or sauna for at least two days before taking a spermogram test;
4. Preparation for spermogram analysis involves avoiding prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Also, a man should not attend a prostate massage for about four days, since such manipulations act as a stimulant for the production of ejaculate, which leads to distorted results.

Preparation for a spermogram analysis is always postponed until the patient has completely recovered, especially in situations where there is suspicion of progression of an acute inflammatory or infectious process. If you donate biological mass when a man’s body temperature is 37 degrees or more, the bulk of dead sperm will be detected in the ejaculate.

Even after the illness has passed, it is necessary to wait another week so that all previously taken medications are completely removed from the body. In the case of therapy using antibiotics, it is necessary to postpone the analysis for about 12 days, or preferably 2 weeks.

When considering the question of how to prepare for a spermogram, doctors strongly recommend abstaining from smoking for about 2-3 weeks. Thanks to such actions, the ejaculate is completely renewed, and when examining the ejaculate, no pathological or morphologically altered germ cells will be detected in the sperm.

Before taking a spermogram, you should not consume alcohol or drugs. If there has been alcohol poisoning or intoxication of the body, or if potent medications have been taken for a long time, then it is better to postpone the analysis for 2 or 3 months.

It makes no sense to do a spermogram in the first month after a man has undergone chemotherapy.

Diet

Many people are interested in whether it is possible to eat before taking a spermogram, but you shouldn’t exhaust yourself with hunger, but it’s better to eat only healthy and high-quality foods. It is worth noting that a man is allowed to eat almost whatever he wants, but he does not need to neglect some recommendations.

Before taking a spermogram, preparation also includes the following nuances:

• It is better to avoid dishes that are prepared by frying and also contain a significant amount of spices and herbs; black tea and coffee are also contraindicated, since they suppress sperm activity and the results will be incorrect.
• The diet before a spermogram completely excludes the consumption of strong and low-alcohol alcoholic beverages, including beer, since ethyl alcohol acts as a destroyer for sperm and the results will show cryptospermia or other pathology.
• When wondering what to eat before a spermogram, it is best to give preference to foods that contain a large amount of protein, for example, chicken, rabbit or beef; fermented milk products are also useful, which will be an additional stimulation for the production of seminal fluid.

Some men ask whether a spermogram is taken on an empty stomach or not. It is impossible to give a definite answer to this question, but doctors do not prohibit eating well before the test.

Even if you clearly know how to prepare for a spermogram for a man, you need to understand that it is better to take tests of this type 2 or 3 times over several weeks. In situations where an andrologist or urologist detects certain deviations from the norm in the results of the test material, the patient will be scheduled to retake the analysis.

Only with this approach will it be possible to accurately determine what caused the distortion of the results - improper preparation or the presence of any pathology of the reproductive system. After taking the first spermogram, it is better for a man to adhere to the diet recommended by the doctor for several weeks; he should also avoid stress, sexual intercourse, and physical activity.

If the doctor prescribed a spermogram, what was needed before the analysis was described in sufficient detail. If you follow all the recommendations, you can be sure that the result will be correct, and even if a pathology is detected, the specialist will be able to develop the correct treatment.

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Every man of reproductive age may encounter the need for knowledge about how a spermogram is taken. Donation of ejaculate occurs both as part of voluntary monitoring of one’s own health, and to determine many serious diseases in the stronger sex, including the factor of infertility. Sperm analysis is performed under a microscope and involves identifying pathological and viable germ cells.

The process of taking a spermogram is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance, but it is necessary to understand that a man will have to carefully prepare for it. Only if all rules and requirements are observed can truly correct diagnostic results be obtained, which will allow doctors to prescribe the correct treatment. Therefore, below we will detail how to take a spermogram and what is required for this.

If a man has expressed a desire to undergo a preventive examination by doctors specializing in sexual health, then he will definitely need to donate seminal fluid for examination. People may wonder what is needed to take a spermogram, so we offer detailed information for your reference.

Actually, not so much is required:

1. Select a clinic where the diagnostics will be performed;
2. Make an appointment with a specialist;
3. Receive a referral for testing from your doctor;
4. Purchase shoe covers and a container for spermogram;
5. Find out where the sperm analysis room and laboratory are located.

This is the entire list of what is needed to take a spermogram. Perhaps the doctor will give some more recommendations, but this set is standard. The spermogram jar must comply with sanitary standards and be sterile. It is best to purchase a special container for taking a spermogram at a pharmacy, but you can also get a glass container from the laboratory at the clinic.

The spermogram room is often located in close proximity to where the qualitative, quantitative and biochemical parameters of the seminal fluid will be assessed. Also, many are interested in the room itself for taking spermograms, what this room looks like and what it is equipped with.

The spermogram room has its own characteristics, represented by the following:

• The room is presented in the form of a separate office, no different from the outside from other rooms;
• A favorable climate atmosphere has been created inside, that is, warm and cozy, so that a man can relax;
• Furniture must include a sofa or a comfortable chair;
• There is also a place where you can put your things;
• To speed up the results, there is literature in the room, and in some clinics, video media of an erotic nature;
• The door must be closed from the inside;
• There is also a washbasin in the room.

In most cases, the doctor always tells you what is needed for a spermogram and how the analysis is performed. The resulting ejaculate must be collected correctly, which is why some modern clinics have a special apparatus for taking a spermogram.

Preparation

Donation of sperm for analysis must take place after following a number of preparatory procedures. When is the best time to take a spermogram depends on what diagnostic goal the patient is pursuing, but doctors always give recommendations on how to behave before collecting the ejaculate.

At least three days before the scheduled date of donation of biological fluid, a man must refrain from contact with toxic substances. This recommendation includes not only chemicals, but also the consumption of strong alcoholic beverages, as well as weak alcoholic beverages.

At this time, it is better to take time off from work if it is associated with production that is harmful to the body, and avoid using perfumes and household chemicals with strong odors. If it is not possible to take a day off, then a spermogram analysis is possible on the first day after the weekend.

The conditions for taking a spermogram are always the same. Therefore, experts pay attention to the fact that before diagnosis it is strictly forbidden to engage in any sexual relations. Those who have taken a spermogram more than once say that it is better to abstain for about 10 days.

Also, for a spermogram, the conditions for submitting include stopping smoking at least three hours before submitting the ejaculate. It will be necessary to stop taking hormonal drugs and cytostatic medications, even if they were prescribed by other specialists. The procedure for taking a spermogram after stopping medications is prescribed at intervals of six months.

Sperm analysis is not performed for those men who are currently undergoing a course of treatment for urological pathologies. The fact is that if at this time sperm are donated for diagnosis, then progressive inflammatory processes will significantly reduce the quality of the seminal fluid.

If the doctor has prescribed a sperm test, it is better to take it in a good psycho-emotional state. To do this, you need to lead a measured lifestyle during the day, avoid stress and nervousness, and not abuse physical activity. Also, about a week before diagnosis, you should avoid visiting baths, saunas and taking hot baths, since sperm do not feel well in such conditions.

A spermogram does not work for a cold. If you have recently suffered from a respiratory disease, then the diagnosis is postponed for some time to allow the body to recover. Therefore, to the question whether it is possible to take a spermogram if you have a cold, the answer is definitely negative.

Methods

When the doctor has ordered a spermogram, he will definitely tell you how the ejaculate is collected. There are different ways to take a spermogram, but the most practiced is masturbation. The presented method is recommended not only by medical professionals, it is approved by the World Health Organization. Sperm analysis, or more precisely, ejaculate collection, is best performed in a clinical setting, because this way a specialist can begin examining the biological fluid as quickly as possible.

Some institutions practice sperm collection through interrupted sexual intercourse. This method is very rarely practiced, and all because during copulation and ejaculation some of the seminal fluid may be lost, and this will cause incorrect results. Also, the indicators will be distorted due to the admixture of female microflora.

You can take a spermogram at home, but doctors do not encourage this. This technique can be used if you are sure that all sanitary standards will be observed during the delivery of the ejaculate after collection. The doctor will also tell you how to properly take a spermogram at home, but you should be prepared that the results will not be entirely correct.

Features of taking a spermogram at home are:

1. Collecting material in sterile containers;
2. Avoid exposure of ejaculate to sunlight;
3. Avoiding hypothermia;
4. Collection of the entire volume of seminal fluid.

To get truly accurate results, doctors advise taking a spermogram test several times.

How to take it

How a spermogram is taken in the clinic and at home is relatively clear. If a man wants to see a clear example, then there is a video on the Internet on how to take a spermogram correctly. The most important thing in sperm analysis is undoubtedly the volume of ejaculate obtained, so it must be collected in its entirety, regardless of whether this happens at home or in the hospital.

A man in the clinic must visit a specially designated room. There, behind a closed door, there is everything necessary for comfortable obtaining seminal fluid. Before you begin, you should wash your hands thoroughly, and you should also take a shower at home and perform genital hygiene.

Then, through masturbation, you need to reach the moment of ejaculation. It is very important not to use any lubricants or condoms. In the first case, the diagnostic results are distorted, and in the second, the sperm simply die. The sperm is collected in a sterile container, then capped and sent to the laboratory for testing.

It is very important not to forget to indicate your data on the jar: last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth. Some institutions provide a special form that is similar to a questionnaire; all the necessary information about the patient will be collected there. After the doctor receives the test results, he will be able to make the correct diagnosis, which he will inform the patient about during a personal meeting.

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