Proper nutrition for patients with diabetes. Diet for diabetes: nutrition as medicine

A low-carbohydrate diet for type 2 and type 1 diabetes, as well as high blood sugar in pregnant women, is the main treatment for impaired glucose metabolism. This page details how to take control of diabetes by limiting carbohydrates in your diet.

Type 2 diabetes;
Autoimmune diabetes type 1 - adults and children;
Prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance;
Obesity, especially in combination with hypertension - metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance.

There are important nuances for diabetics who have already developed serious complications of the kidneys (nephropathy) and/or vision (retinopathy). Read more about them below.

A low-carbohydrate diet works wonders for diabetic adults and children, keeping blood sugar at a stable 4.0-5.5 mmol/L, just like healthy people. It is simple, satisfying, tasty and varied. You will feel confident knowing that your diabetes is under control and you are not at risk of its terrible complications. In this case, you will not have to suffer from chronic hunger.

Diet for diabetes: detailed article

Most likely, doctors advised you to limit fats in your diet, count calories and bread units, and choose foods according to their glycemic index. Low-carb nutrition is in many ways contrary to standard recommendations. However, it helps keep sugar levels normal, while a low-fat “starvation” diet does not.

Diabetics need to have an accurate glucose meter and use it to measure their sugar often. By doing this, you will quickly figure out which recommendations are effective and which are not.

What diet should you follow if you have diabetes?

The choice of diet is the most important decision made by a diabetic patient and/or his relatives. This decision determines how long a diabetic will live and whether his life will be ruined by complications of the disease. The choice of medications and insulin is also important. But the right diet comes first. You'll have to fall into one of two camps: low-carb or low-fat, low-calorie. Don’t try to organize your diet according to the principle of “both yours and ours.” Decades of experience have shown that it is futile to try to limit both carbohydrates and fat.

Many patients with type 2 diabetes are interested in the LCHF ketogenic diet. Watch a detailed video about it. Find out the advantages and disadvantages of this diet. The author of the video, Sergei Kushchenko, explains how this diet differs from the low-carb diet for diabetics according to Dr. Bernstein’s method. Find out how realistic it is to lose weight with LCHF. Just in case, learn about using the keto diet to treat cancer.

You can read a detailed comparison of low-calorie and low-carbohydrate nutrition in the article "". Below are some popular myths about the low-carb diet. They are distributed by doctors, whom this technique deprives of profitable regular diabetic clients. Quack doctors are helped by insulin companies who don't want to lose sales. A low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin dosages by an average of 7 times. In the early stages, the myth about the dangers of fats was started by cereal manufacturers. These are foods that do not contain fat, but are loaded with refined carbohydrates.

Low-carb diet: myths and truth

Misconception	Is it true
Diabetics can eat any food, as long as it’s a little bit at a time	Some foods raise blood sugar and promote diabetes complications, while others do not. You need to follow the diet every day, not excluding weekends and holidays. You can eat whatever you want, only if you are not interested in the results of treatment and are not afraid of disability and early death.
You can eat whatever you want, and then lower your sugar with pills and insulin	Neither expensive medications nor insulin injections help prevent blood sugar from rising within a few hours after eating prohibited carbohydrates. During these hours, you will develop diabetes complications. Increasing doses of insulin and tablets increases the risk of hypoglycemia. This is an acute complication that can lead to fainting and even death. The only way out is a complete refusal.
Carbohydrates are vital, especially for children	Proteins and fats are vital for the human body, but carbohydrates are not. Diabetic children who follow a low-carbohydrate diet and have normal blood sugar develop well. The Americans have already accumulated large statistics of this. On the other hand, children with diabetes, who are treated with standard methods, are stunted in growth and mental development due to high sugar levels. Read the article “” for more details.
The presence of acetone in urine is deadly	Adults and children who follow a low-carbohydrate diet may experience increased levels of ketones (acetone) in their urine and blood. This is a sign that the metabolism has switched to a different mode. It's not harmful, you don't need to change anything. You need to drink a lot of fluid - 30 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day. Patients with type 2 diabetes can be glad that they are losing weight. Check your sugar often, and it's best not to measure ketones at all.
Low-carbohydrate diet leads to hypoglycemia	To avoid this, you need to adequately select the dosage of insulin, and throw it away altogether. After switching to a low-carbohydrate diet, insulin doses are reduced by 2-10 times, on average by 7 times. The more insulin a diabetic injects, the higher the risk of hypoglycemia. Accordingly, its risk decreases along with a decrease in insulin dosages.
Low-carb diet is dangerous for kidneys	Many doctors scare diabetics that increased protein intake causes kidney failure. This is a lie that has already been refuted by scientific research. It is high sugar that is dangerous to your kidneys, not dietary protein. Normalize your blood sugar with a low-carbohydrate diet to protect yourself from diabetes complications affecting your kidneys. Try to drink a lot of water - 30 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day.

Low-carb diet doesn't contain enough vitamins	Meat, fish, poultry and eggs are the best source of essential amino acids, as well as B vitamins, zinc, iron and other trace elements. A low-carb diet also includes nuts, greens, cabbage and other vegetables. These products contain more vitamins than flour products, cereals, potatoes and sweet fruits. Well, no one forbids taking vitamins in tablets.
Diabetics are allowed to eat sugar little by little	White as well as brown sugar is included in. Even a few grams eaten instantly and greatly increase blood glucose levels. This problem cannot be solved with insulin or pills. Convince yourself once with a glucometer and don’t consume sugar again. Stevia and other non-nutritive sweeteners can be used, especially for type 1 diabetes.
Bread, potatoes, cereals, pasta are not only possible, but even necessary	These products are almost 100% starch, chains of glucose molecules. They cause increases and spikes in blood sugar. Because of these surges, your health will be consistently poor from the very beginning. And later chronic complications will appear - hello, disability and early death. You need to study the article "" and stay away from prohibited products.
Only simple carbohydrates are harmful, while complex carbohydrates are beneficial.	So-called complex carbohydrates increase blood sugar in diabetic patients no less than simple ones. Test your sugar often before and after meals - and make sure it's true. Complex carbohydrates and the glycemic index are false concepts that drive diabetics to the grave. Just eat the allowed foods and don't eat the forbidden ones.
Fatty meats, chicken eggs, butter contain harmful cholesterol	These foods increase the level of cholesterol in the blood, but not the bad LDL, but the good HDL. A low-carb diet does not increase the risk of heart attack, but reduces it. Cholesterol is also a vital raw material, in particular for the production of sex hormones. Low blood cholesterol increases the risk of depression and death from all causes. Red meat, eggs and butter are not only tasty, but also healthy.
Margarine is a healthy product that does not contain cholesterol	Margarine contains trans fats, which are truly dangerous for the heart, unlike natural animal fats. Other foods rich in trans fats are mayonnaise, chips, factory baked goods, and any processed foods. Avoid margarine and packaged processed foods. Make your own healthy, low-carb meals using natural plant and animal fats.
Fiber and fats slow down the rise in sugar after eating	Unfortunately, the harm from prohibited foods to a diabetic’s body is almost not reduced if they are consumed with fiber and/or fats. Carbohydrates, which are quickly absorbed, in any case cause a spike in sugar after eating. You can verify this with a glucometer. It is necessary to completely eliminate prohibited foods from the diet until new breakthrough treatments for diabetes are invented.

Fruits and berries are healthy

For adults and children with diabetes, fruits do many times more harm than good. They increase blood sugar, stimulate weight gain and the development of gout, and aggravate metabolic disorders. All fruits and berries, as well as carrots and beets, are on the list of prohibited foods. Eat kale and greens to get fiber and vitamins. Read the detailed article "".

Fructose is healthy and does not increase blood sugar

Fructose reduces tissue sensitivity to insulin, worsening diabetes. It also increases the level of “bad” LDL cholesterol and uric acid in the blood. Consumption of fructose causes fatty liver disease, gout, and possibly kidney stones. It is possible that this substance disrupts appetite regulation, delaying the feeling of fullness after eating. Don't eat “diabetic” foods containing fructose!

Below is the necessary minimum theory about glucose metabolism and the action of insulin. Eating carbohydrates quickly turns into glucose, which enters the blood. Accordingly, its concentration in the blood increases. You can determine this using a blood glucose meter or continuous monitoring systems. In response to increased glucose levels, the pancreas releases insulin into the blood. This is a hormone that causes cells to metabolize glucose so that it no longer circulates in the blood. The pancreas carefully regulates the supply of insulin to keep sugar levels between 4.0-5.5 mmol/l. However, in diabetics this process fails.

If you have diabetes, your body cannot produce insulin (T1D) or use it properly (T2D, gestational diabetes). Because of this, blood glucose levels increase. Excess glucose seems to stick to proteins, disrupting their work. This is called protein glycation. Because of it, diabetes complications accumulate. They do not develop if the diabetic manages to keep his sugar consistently within normal limits. Let us repeat that the most important means to achieve this goal is diet. It is supplemented with medications, physical activity and insulin injections.

A low-carb diet for diabetes is the right choice

The website disseminates information about the low-carbohydrate diet among diabetic patients who speak and read Russian. This diet is the only right choice to keep your diabetes well controlled and protected from its complications. Dietary carbohydrates significantly increase blood sugar. Fats don’t affect it at all, but proteins increase slowly and not much. It seems logical to limit your carbohydrate intake. Moreover, they are not vital substances, unlike proteins and fats.

A low-carbohydrate diet for diabetics is when an adult consumes no more than 30 g of carbohydrates per day, and only from foods that are included in the list of permitted ones. You should completely abstain from prohibited foods, making no exceptions on holidays and weekends. For children with diabetes, the daily intake of carbohydrates is even lower, proportional to their body weight. Fresh greens, cabbage and other vegetables, as well as nuts, are a source of fiber and vitamins for people on a low-carb diet.

Carbohydrate-restricted diets are divided into the following groups:

The Atkins eating method, as well as Dr. Bernstein's diet for diabetics - eliminated carbohydrates are replaced mainly with protein
Ketogenic diet (LCHF) - dietary carbohydrates are replaced with fats, trying not to eat too much protein
Cyclical low-carb diets - Dukan, as well as Tim Ferriss from the book 4-Hour Body

The first two of these diet groups help control diabetes mellitus well. The site focuses on diet, as well as other methods developed by this specialist, who is himself a diabetic.

Proponents of the LCHF diet claim that it is better at helping you lose weight and maintain a healthy weight than eating according to the Bernstein method. However, this is a dubious statement. Limiting your protein intake during pregnancy is definitely a bad idea. As for the cyclical low-carbohydrate diet, it is not suitable for diabetics. This diet involves one day of gluttony per week. For diabetics, such a regimen would have devastating consequences.

Benefits of a low-carb diet:

You can keep your blood sugar consistently normal, like in healthy people - 4.0-5.5 mmol/l
Sugar surges stop and, therefore, your well-being improves
Test results for cholesterol and triglycerides improve
Reduces the risk of chronic diabetes complications
Insulin dosages are reduced, the risk of hypoglycemia is reduced
Thanks to lower insulin dosages, weight loss in patients with T2DM is better
Eliminates unhealthy dependence on dietary carbohydrates
Patients who have been limiting salt intake to combat hypertension and edema may stop doing so
Increased energy and clarity of thinking

Who is a low-carb diet contraindicated for?

This diet is contraindicated in patients who have already developed severe diabetic nephropathy. If your glomerular filtration rate is below 40-45 ml/min, then a low-carbohydrate diet is not suitable because it will accelerate the onset of end-stage renal failure. On the other hand, if complications of diabetes have just begun to develop, then healthy kidney function can be restored. To do this, you need to keep your blood sugar stable within 4.0-5.5 mmol/l. This requires strict adherence to the diet, measuring sugar up to 9 times a day, proper use of pills and physical activity.

Please note that the safety of a low-carbohydrate diet for patients with diabetic nephropathy has not been proven. You do everything at your own peril and risk. The GFR threshold is 40 ml/min - from personal practice. It is not backed by serious scientific research. On the other hand, standard diabetes control methods are guaranteed to lead to the development of complications. Therefore, the risk-benefit ratio is in favor of a low-carbohydrate diet.

Diabetics who inject fixed doses of insulin prescribed by a doctor and do not understand how to change them should not switch to a low-carbohydrate diet. After reducing carbohydrate intake, insulin dosages must be reduced, otherwise there will be fatal hypoglycemia. A diabetic patient must be competent enough to cope with this. You will have to measure your blood sugar several times a day. You need to have an accurate glucometer, test strips for it, and motivation. For these reasons, it is often impossible to improve diabetes control in older patients.

Why is official medicine against this diet?

In the 1970s, the portable glucose meter was invented. Doctors and medical officials managed to delay its appearance on the market for 5-10 years in order to preserve the flow of money from blood sugar tests in laboratories longer. Now the same story is repeating itself with a low-carbohydrate diet for patients with diabetes. Thousands of doctors treat leg problems, kidney problems, vision problems and other chronic complications. They don't want to lose customers.

I also don’t want to reduce sales volumes to pharmaceutical companies that produce insulin and diabetes pills. Switching to a low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin dosages by 2-10 times, and allows you to completely abandon harmful and expensive pills. Diabetics who follow a low-carb diet live longer in retirement. The state has no use for this.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has been a vocal opponent of low-carbohydrate diets until recently. But under pressure from patients, she is forced to change her position. On their Facebook page, hundreds of diabetics report their successes achieved by limiting dietary carbohydrates. There are so many of these patients that it is impossible to silence them all. Not to mention, independent diabetes groups are growing like mushrooms.

Now the ADA guidelines for diabetics say, you decide how many carbohydrates you want to eat. However, this organization continues to recommend cereals, sweet desserts and other foods that are poisonous for people with impaired glucose metabolism.

Read about the prevention and treatment of complications:

In the Russian Federation, the leading organization for the study and treatment of diabetes mellitus is the Endocrinological Research Center (FSBI ERC). Its leaders continue to pretend that they haven't heard of the low-carbohydrate diet.

How can a diabetic patient switch to a low-carbohydrate diet?

Step-by-step instruction:

Get your blood tested for cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Find out your kidneys' glomerular filtration rate. Read what blood and urine tests you need to take.
Check your meter for accuracy. If it turns out to be inaccurate, replace it with a good imported model.
Give up by switching to food.
Test your blood sugar several times a day. Keep in mind that allowed foods increase sugar after eating no earlier than 2 hours, or even 3 hours. After 5-60 minutes, sugar should remain approximately the same as before meals, with a variation of 10-20%.
Figure it out and stop taking them.
Choose insulin dosages based on your blood sugar levels. Read more.
Be careful not to inject more insulin than needed and cause hypoglycemia.
Keep a self-monitoring diary, fill it out daily and periodically analyze the results.

You will quickly see that the diet helps. Sugar will go down almost immediately. For patients with severe advanced diabetes, there are nuances. If your body is accustomed to a sugar level of 16-17 mmol/l, then symptoms may begin when it drops to 7-8 mmol/l. You need to switch to a low-carbohydrate diet not immediately, but gradually, over 1-2 months. For the first time, set yourself a target value of 8-9 mmol/l. And only after a few weeks, carefully bring it to 4.0-5.5 mmol/l, as in people with healthy glucose metabolism.

A special note for patients with diabetic retinopathy. These are eye problems caused by diabetes. You need to take a blood test for insulin-like growth factor (IGF). If the result turns out to be higher than normal, then you need to switch to a new diet gradually, just like people suffering from advanced diabetes. Otherwise, the course of retinopathy may worsen. There is even a risk of complete blindness. On the other hand, after you learn to keep your sugar at a stable level, normal metabolism in the eyes will be restored. Diabetic retinopathy may disappear completely unless laser cauterization has already been done. It is still impossible to eliminate its negative consequences today.

Mistakes to Avoid

Insufficient reduction in insulin and diabetes medications	Hypoglycemia is too low blood sugar caused by an overdose of insulin or pills. A dangerous complication that can lead to fainting or even death. Switching to a low-carbohydrate diet reduces insulin dosages by an average of 7 times. You need to completely abandon it.
Insufficient fiber intake	Lack of fiber in the diet can cause constipation and poor health. Eat kale, greens and nuts, even if you don't really like them. Drink enough fluid - 30 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day. Below on this page we tell you what other measures you can take to combat constipation.
Limiting dietary fats	Trying to limit carbohydrates and fats at the same time creates many problems for diabetics. Food becomes monotonous and tasteless. You may be haunted by chronic weakness and a feeling of hunger. Don't be afraid of the natural fats found in protein foods. Eat them calmly. Fatty sea fish, avocado, olive and coconut oil are especially useful.
Excessive consumption of sugar substitutes	Some sugar substitutes disrupt the balance of microflora in the intestines. Their other side effects have not been proven. But this does not mean that they do not exist. If you want to use sweeteners, try stevia first. In any case, try to limit these foods. Your taste buds must become accustomed to foods that do not contain sugar or sugar substitutes.

Can a person with type 2 diabetes lose weight on a low-carbohydrate diet?

When limiting dietary carbohydrates, the chances of losing weight are much higher than when following a “starvation” low-calorie, low-fat diet. This is confirmed by practical experience, as well as the results of small scientific studies. For example, data from this 2007 English language article in the journal Diabetic Medicine. It says that 26 obese patients were divided into two groups and followed for 3 months. Half of the participants were diabetics, with an average weight of 96 kg. 13 people were put on a low-carbohydrate diet with carbohydrate consumption of less than 40 g per day. The remaining participants counted calories and ate as recommended by official UK medicine.

People on a low-carb diet lost an average of 6.9 kg. The low-calorie diet helped me lose only 2.1 kg. The study, which included 26 people, is not considered statistically significant and cannot be used to draw reliable conclusions. But larger formal trials of the effectiveness of low-carb diets have not yet been conducted.

A low-carb diet will improve your blood sugar and protect against diabetes complications, even if you don't lose much weight. This is good news for people with type 2 diabetes. This diet is not ideal for weight loss. It helps many people lose extra pounds and maintain normal weight for a long time. But not everyone can boast of such results. In any case, there is nothing better at your disposal yet. Trying to lose weight by restricting calories produces even worse results. It is impossible to live on the brink of hunger all the time. After an inevitable break from the diet, excess weight quickly returns, and sometimes with an increase.

Side effects, problems and their solutions

Constipation	Your gut needs fiber and plenty of fluids. Diligently eat the recommended vegetables, greens and nuts every day, if possible raw. Drink liquid - 30 ml per 1 kg of body weight per day. Take magnesium tablets 400-600 mg, as well as vitamin C 1000-2500 mg per day. You also need physical activity - walking, and best of all jogging (Chi-running).
Weakness, fatigue	A low-carbohydrate diet increases urinary electrolyte losses. Try increasing your salt intake. Drink herbal teas to avoid potassium deficiency. Potassium is also found in plant foods. Try cooking and drinking salty meat broth. Even if you do nothing, weakness and fatigue will go away within 5-7 days as the body adapts.
Leg cramps	Make sure you get enough minerals - magnesium, potassium and calcium. Hard cheese and greens are sources of calcium. Herbal teas and plant foods are rich in potassium. It is advisable to take magnesium in tablets of 400-600 mg per day. If after 3 weeks of taking magnesium the leg cramps do not go away, you will have to increase your carbohydrate intake by 5-10 g per day.
Smell of acetone from the mouth	Patients with type 2 diabetes who want to lose weight can only muffle the smell of acetone from their mouth without changing anything in their diet. The presence of this smell means that the body is burning its fat reserves. This is exactly what you need. If the diabetic is not overweight, then increase protein intake according to appetite until the smell disappears.
Heart palpitations, heart fluttering	Another consequence of a possible lack of potassium and magnesium. You need to do the same thing as to overcome weakness, fatigue, constipation, and leg cramps. Also check your blood sugar frequently. Make sure hypoglycemia is not causing heart problems.
Hypoglycemia - sugar below normal	Explore Immediately after switching to a new diet, feel free to lower your insulin dosage. For example, 10 times, or even more. Then raise them little by little over the course of a few days, keeping an eye on your blood sugar. Be careful not to inject excess insulin. Figure it out and stop taking them.
Blood sugar rises inexplicably	This problem can have various causes. You should not overeat until your stomach becomes heavy, even with approved foods. Because in this case, incretin hormones increase blood glucose. Perhaps the cook added sugar to some dish during preparation, but you were not warned. Acute stressful situations. Dental caries, colds, digestive disorders, kidney or urinary tract infections. Lack of sleep. The insulin could have deteriorated due to the fact that the rules for its storage were violated.

It is advisable to keep a diary of blood sugar levels in paper or electronic form. Record in it what you ate and how much, as well as important accompanying circumstances. Over time, this diary will accumulate valuable information that will help you better manage your diabetes. It is easier to follow a low-carb diet if the whole family has switched to it and it is not stored in the house.

What diet is suitable for diabetes complicated by pancreatitis?

There have been attempts to prove that a low-carbohydrate diet increases the frequency of attacks of acute pancreatitis. But these attempts failed. If you limit your carbohydrate intake, you will reduce the burden on your pancreas to produce insulin. This is especially true for patients with type 2 diabetes. You can try going on a low carb diet. Because otherwise, diabetes complications will inevitably develop. This is more dangerous than theoretically possible problems with pancreatitis.

A complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages is recommended. You also need to eat in moderation. You should not overeat even permitted foods, so as not to provoke an attack. Chew each piece thoroughly at least 40 times. You should not eat food in a hurry. Eat less fried foods and eliminate smoked foods completely. The same recommendations are for diabetics who have fatty liver disease (fatty liver). With the difference that a low-carbohydrate diet cannot harm them, even theoretically. Fatty liver disease is one of the first problems that you can get rid of by switching to a new diet.

What to drink to improve liver function while following a low-carb diet?

First of all, you need to stop eating foods that are harmful to the liver. This is many times more important than taking any medications or supplements. The liver is harmed by burnt and smoked foods, as well as any semi-finished products containing food additives with the E index - preservatives, dyes, emulsifiers, etc.

Buy natural meat, fish, poultry, eggs, hard cheese, butter, nuts, vegetables and herbs. Prepare healthy meals from them yourself. Do not eat processed foods and use catering services as little as possible. Remember that natural animal fats are not harmful. Try not to eat margarine and mayonnaise.

The most popular herbal remedy for strengthening the liver is milk thistle. Also of interest is the substance S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). You can try a liver combination supplement that contains these and other ingredients. Let us repeat that the main remedy is to switch to a healthy diet, and then dietary supplements.

What to eat out?

It is convenient to carry boiled pork, boiled eggs, hard cheese, nuts, chopped raw cabbage, and herbs. Plan your snacks ahead of time, stock up on the right food for them, and take it with you when you leave the house. If it's time to eat and you don't have access to low-carb foods, buy and drink a few raw eggs. This is better than snacking on prohibited foods.

Are alcoholic drinks allowed?

In the absence of alcoholism, pancreatitis, liver and gastrointestinal diseases, you can gradually drink 40-degree drinks, as well as dry red wine. Any alcoholic beverages containing sugar, fructose, fruit juices or syrups are prohibited. It is undesirable to drink beer; it is better to switch from it to dry red wine. Read the article "" for more details. When consumed wisely, alcohol is less harmful to diabetics than carbohydrates.

Should I limit fats and carbohydrates in my diet?

Under no circumstances should you limit fats along with carbohydrates. It will not help you lose weight or improve your diabetes control. Feel free to eat pork, chicken skin, butter, eggs and other fatty foods. In the absence of unhealthy carbohydrates, dietary fat increases levels of good HDL cholesterol and thus protects against heart attack. Attempts to please both yours and ours by limiting carbohydrates and fats at the same time lead to disastrous results.

Should I limit salt?

A low-carbohydrate diet removes excess fluid from the body within 2-3 days and relieves swelling. Thanks to this wonderful effect, you can salt your food without harm to your health, and also stop taking diuretic medications. Sodium deficiency in the body can cause weakness and fatigue. Limiting salt may occasionally be necessary only for patients with severe heart failure.

Published:

A disease of the endocrine system, such as diabetes, is associated with a lack of insulin in the human body. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) classification, the disease is divided into type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent). Their symptoms are similar: constant thirst, increased appetite, frequent urination. The main cause of the disease is the consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates and fats over a long period of time. The main therapeutic factor at any stage of diabetes mellitus is dietary nutrition.

What is nutrition for diabetes

A special menu for diabetics is developed at any stage of the disease, but nutritional recommendations may vary. The diet is especially important for patients with type 1 diabetes, because they have a high probability of coma during decompensation and even death. For type 2 diabetics, special nutrition is prescribed, as a rule, for weight correction and for a stable course of the disease. The basics of a dietary diet at any stage of the disease:

you need to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates (BJU) must be balanced;
the amount of calories received should be equal to the energy expenditure of the diabetic;
food should be rich in vitamins, so natural vitamin carriers should be additionally introduced into the diet: dietary supplements, brewer's yeast, rosehip decoction and others.

How to eat with diabetes

When a doctor prescribes a daily diet for a diabetic, he is guided by the patient’s age, gender, level of physical activity and weight category. Basic principles of dietary nutrition - limiting sweetened foods and prohibiting hunger strikes. The basic concept of a diet for diabetes is a bread unit (XU), equivalent to 10 g of carbohydrates. Nutritionists have developed sets of tables indicating their quantity per 100 grams of any product. The diet for patients with diabetes includes a daily meal with a total value of 12 to 24 XE.

The diet for diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 is different. In the first case, a low-calorie diet is necessary to prevent complications of the disease (25-30 kcal / 1 kg of weight). A diabetic must strictly follow a strict dietary regimen. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are allowed a subcalorie diet (1600-1800 kcal/day). If a person is overweight, the number of calories is reduced to 15-17 kcal / 1 kg of weight.

remove alcohol, juices, lemonade from your diet;
reduce the amount of sweeteners and cream when drinking tea and coffee;
choose unsweetened foods;
replace sweets with healthy foods, for example, instead of ice cream, eat a banana dessert (beat frozen bananas with a mixer).

Diet for type 2 diabetes

Even at the initial stage of the disease, you need to adhere to nutritional rules. In diabetics who do not follow a diet, cells become less sensitive to insulin as a result of consuming large amounts of carbohydrates. As a result, the level of glucose in the blood increases and constantly remains at high levels. Dietary nutrition for type 2 diabetes helps restore cells' ability to absorb sugar.

Basic diet rules:

replacing sugar with sweetener substitutes in the amount permitted by the doctor;
preference for desserts containing vegetable fats (yogurt, nuts);
meals of the same calorie content;
eating more carbohydrates in the morning.

For type 2 diabetics, a daily fluid intake of 1.5 liters is recommended. The digestive tract should not be overloaded, so overeating is excluded. Don't think that a few glasses of alcohol and some sweets won't cause complications. Such failures nullify all efforts and can provoke a critical condition requiring resuscitation measures.

Authorized Products

It is not difficult to understand the diet of a type 2 diabetic. You just need to know which foods are allowed to be eaten in limited quantities, and which ones need to fill most of the diet. Knowing about the methods of preparing dietary dishes and the correct combination of permitted ingredients, it is easy to build high-quality nutrition that is aimed at maintaining a stable condition of the patient. For convenience, a diabetic should always have a table hanging in his kitchen:

Food	Always allowed	Allowed limited (1-3 times/week)
		Green buckwheat steamed with boiling water. You can have 40 grams of dry cereal 1-2 times/week.
Root vegetables, greens, vegetables, legumes.	All vegetables growing above the ground, including all types of greens and mushrooms.	Celery root. raw carrots, Jerusalem artichoke, turnips, sweet potatoes, radishes. Lentils, black beans – 30 grams 1 time/week.
Berries, fruits.	Lemon, avocado, cranberry, gooseberry, red currant, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry. It is better to make fruit sauces and seasonings.	All other berries not on an empty stomach and no more than 100 grams / day.
	Olive, almond, peanut oil for salads. Fish oil, cod liver.	Linseed oil.
Fish, meat, eggs.	Small fish, seafood. Eggs – 2-3 pcs. / day. Veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey, offal (stomachs, liver, heart).

What foods should you not eat?

Unsuitable food will aggravate the condition of a diabetic and provoke a spike in sugar. A patient with type 2 diabetes should not eat:

Sweet. The black list includes sugar and all products containing it in excess. We must forget about ice cream, chocolate, marmalade, jam, sweets, preserves, halva and other sweets.
Bakery. Sweet bakery products are prohibited: muffins, cookies, rolls, white loaf and bread.
Fat-containing foods. Fatty foods can greatly increase your glucose levels. For this reason, a diabetic should avoid duck, pork, lamb, lard, mayonnaise, and cream. You should also exclude sweet yogurt, fatty cottage cheese and cheese.
Semi-finished products. They contain a large number of flavorings, stabilizers, and flavor enhancers. You should not eat fish sticks, ready-made industrial cutlets, dumplings, sausages, and sausages.
Trans fats. Their consumption will harm not only a diabetic, but also a healthy person. Prohibited products include margarine, confectionery fat, spread, French fries, hot dogs, burgers, and puffed corn.
Fruits. It is not recommended to consume some fruits and dried fruits. Among them are dried apricots, dates, figs, raisins, persimmons, melon, grapes, bananas.

Menu for the week

For many patients, switching to a low-carbohydrate diet becomes a challenge, especially if the person did not restrict himself in food before the illness. You need to get used to it gradually. When switching to foods for diabetics, you should first abandon the most harmful ones, reducing their quantity to a minimum. Sample menu for patients with type 2 diabetes:

Day of the week					First dinner	Second dinner
Monday	Oatmeal (150 g), black bread toast, carrot salad (100 g), green tea (200 ml).	Baked apple (2 pcs.).	Chicken fillet (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), beetroot soup (150 g), compote (200 ml).	Fruit salad (200 grams).	Broccoli (100 grams), cottage cheese (100 grams) tea (200 ml).	Low-fat yogurt (150 ml).
	Boiled fish (150 g), cabbage salad (150 grams), tea 200 ml.	Mix of steamed vegetables (200 g).	Vegetable soup (200 g), steamed chicken cutlets (150 g), compote (200 ml).	Low-fat cottage cheese with raisins (150 g), rosehip decoction (200 ml).	Baked rabbit (150 g), boiled egg, tea (200 ml).	Ryazhenka (150 ml).
	Buckwheat (150 g), bran bread, tea (200 ml).	Apple (1 pc.).	Vegetable stew (150 g), boiled meat (100 grams), compote (200 ml).	Stewed cabbage (200 grams).	Meatballs (150 g), Steamed vegetables (150 g), rosehip decoction (200 ml).	Low-fat kefir (150 ml).
	Rice porridge (150 grams), 2 pieces of cheese (100 g), coffee (200 ml).	Grapefruit (1 pc.).	Fish soup (200 ml), stewed cabbage with mushrooms (150 g), compote (200 g).	Cabbage salad (150 grams).	Buckwheat (200 grams), rye bread, tea (200 ml).	Milk (200 ml).
	Carrot and apple salad (150 g), cottage cheese (100 g), tea (200 ml).	Baked apple (2 pcs.).	Goulash (100 grams), vegetable stew (150 g), jelly (200 ml).	Fruit mix (150 grams).	Baked fish (150 g), millet porridge (150 g), tea (200 ml).	Kefir (200 ml).
	Oatmeal (150 g), carrot salad (150 g), tea (200 ml).	Orange (1 pc.).	Stewed liver (100 g), vermicelli (150 g), rice soup (150 g), jelly (200 ml).	Apple (1 pc.).	Squash caviar (150 g), pearl barley porridge (100 g), rye bread, compote (200 ml).	Homemade yogurt (200 ml).
Sunday	Stewed beets (150 g), 2 pieces of cheese (100 g), coffee (200 ml).	Grapefruit (1 pc.).	Pilaf (150 g), stewed eggplant (150 g), black bread, cranberry juice (200 ml).	Grapefruit (1 pc.).	Steamed cutlets (150 g), pumpkin porridge (150 g), vegetable salad (150 g), tea (200 ml).	Kefir (200 ml).

Diet for type 1 diabetes

Insulin-dependent disease is diagnosed when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Nutrition for type 1 diabetes consists of consuming a certain ratio of BJU. An indicator of food choice is their glycemic index, that is, an indicator of the effect on blood glucose levels. The daily intake of high-carbohydrate foods should be 2/3 of the entire menu.

Diabetics should choose slow carbohydrates that take a long time to digest. These include mushrooms, durum wheat pasta, cereals, legumes, and some vegetables. Protein foods should not exceed 20%, and fats – 15%. With concomitant obesity, it is necessary to enrich food with root vegetables with a minimum calorie content. If the liver is damaged, limit the consumption of extractive substances (soybeans, oatmeal, cottage cheese). If the cardiovascular system suffers, then the patient needs to give up salt.

What foods can you eat if you have diabetes?

A therapeutic diet for people with type 1 diabetes is aimed not only at lowering blood sugar, but also at reducing the likelihood of other pathologies. Patients are allowed to include in their diet:

The product's name
	With bran, rye, whole grain.
Soups, broths.	Vegetables, low-fat fish, meat, chicken, okroshka, borscht, rassolnik.
Meat, poultry.	Rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey without skin.
	Pike, pike perch, cod, ice cod, navaga, jellied dishes.
	Any cabbage, beets, carrots, bell peppers, lentils, green peas, beans, cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, beans, eggplant, pumpkin, zucchini, potatoes (only for first courses).
Berries, fruits.	Strawberries, lingonberries, rowan, raspberries, cranberries, currants, peach, plum, pomegranate, cherry, grapefruit, lemon, orange, apples, pears, quince.
	Buckwheat, oatmeal.
Low-fat dairy products and milk.	Sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, milk.

Prohibited Products

As with type 2 disease, diabetic nutrition involves limiting certain foods. Among them:

sugar-containing products;
strong broths, meat fats;
semolina, pasta, rice;
smoked meats, marinades, pickles;
conservation;
confectionery, baked goods;
fatty dairy products;
sweet fruits, dried fruits;
alcohol, sweet carbonated drinks.

Menu for the week

If you have diabetes, you need to pay special attention to preparing foods. You can boil, stew, or steam them. Under no circumstances should you fry, and it is not advisable to bake in the oven.. Sample menu for the week:

Day of the week
Monday	Buckwheat porridge with water (150 g), cabbage salad (100 g), tea (200 ml).	Apple (1 pc.).	Borsch (150 g), boiled chicken (100 g), berry jelly (200 ml).	Cheesecakes (150 g).	Cabbage schnitzel (100 g), rye bread (1 piece), kefir (200 ml).
	Barley (150 g), grated carrots (100 g), mineral water (200 ml).	Yogurt (150 ml).	Pumpkin soup (100 g), vegetable stew (150 g), asparagus salad (100 g), tea (200 ml).	Orange (1 pc.).	Rice casserole (150 g), boiled quail egg, fermented baked milk (200 ml).
	Boiled fish (200 g), cottage cheese (100 g), tea (200 ml).	Grapefruit (1 pc.).	Fish soup (200 g), boiled broccoli (150 g), rye bread, jelly (200 ml).	Curd casserole (150 g).	Meatballs (100 g), vegetable stew (150 g), yogurt (150 ml).
	Baked pumpkin (200 g), coffee with milk (200 ml), a slice of hard cheese (50 g).	Apple baked with honey (2 pcs.).	Porcini mushroom soup (200 g), cauliflower salad (150 g), dried fruit compote (200 ml).	Yogurt (150 ml).	Boiled meat (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), beet juice (100 ml).
	Barley porridge (150 g), beet salad (150 g), whole grain bread, tea (200 ml).	Apple jelly (150 g).	Bean soup (200 g), stewed liver (100 g), brown rice (150 g), compote (200 ml).	Orange (1 pc.).	Zucchini pancakes (150 g), cottage cheese (100 g), chamomile tea (200 ml).
	Lightly salted salmon (150 g), boiled egg, tea (200 ml).	Grapefruit (1 pc.).	Stuffed cabbage rolls without rice (150 g), borscht (200 g), rye bread, jelly (200 ml).	Yogurt (150 ml).	Chicken fillet (100 g), green peas (150 g), stewed eggplant (150 g), milk (150 ml).
Sunday	Buckwheat porridge (150 g), stewed chicken (100 g), rye bread, tea (200 ml).	Baked apple (2 pcs.).	Cabbage soup (150 g), chicken cutlet (100 g), vegetable salad (150 g), compote (200 ml).	Curd casserole (150 g).	Pumpkin puree soup (200 g), chicken cutlets (100 g), tomato salad (150 g), kefir (150 ml).

During pregnancy and lactation

While expecting a baby, a woman may develop gestational diabetes. The cause of the disease is a genetic predisposition to reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin. After delivery, carbohydrate metabolism often normalizes, but the risk of diabetes mellitus in the woman and child exists. To prevent danger, during pregnancy and lactation you must strictly monitor your diet:

exclude simple carbohydrates, limit complex ones;
consume pasta and potatoes in small quantities;
remove fried and fatty foods from the diet, give up semi-finished products and sausages;
steam, bake, stew food;
eat every 2-3 hours;
drink up to 1.5 liters of plain water per day.

Recipes

Don't think that diet food will necessarily be tasteless. There are many recipes for diabetics that people who do not suffer from this pathology will gladly use. Many dishes that are intended for patients suffering from insulin deficiency are used by nutritionists in weight loss programs. Below are some recipes.

Cooking time: 1 hour.
Number of servings: 6 persons.
Calorie content of the dish: 195 kcal / 100 g.
Purpose: dessert for breakfast.
Cuisine: English.
Difficulty: high.

Pumpkin is necessary for diabetes, because this product has many useful elements and low calorie content. Thanks to its low calorie content, the orange vegetable helps normalize and keep body weight under control. Eating pumpkin improves the functioning of the digestive tract, helps cleanse the intestines of toxic substances, and stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin.

Ingredients:

pumpkin – 300 grams;
flour - 3 tbsp. l.;
honey - 3 tbsp. l.;
eggs – 3 pieces;
salt – 1 pinch.

Cooking method:

Cut the pumpkin pulp into small pieces and boil. When ready, let cool and puree.
Mix pumpkin puree with honey and yolks. Sift the flour and add gradually.
Beat the egg whites until stiff, add salt. The mass should be thick.
Fold the whipped whites into the dough. Place the pumpkin mixture in a mold greased with sunflower oil.
Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Bake the pudding for 30 to 40 minutes.

Cooking time: 20 minutes.
Number of servings: 8 persons.
Calorie content of the dish: 86 kcal / 100 g.
Purpose: for lunch.
Cuisine: Russian.
Difficulty: low.

The use of beans for diabetes reduces glucose levels and improves metabolic processes at the cellular level. Legumes contain a variety of nutrients, enzymes, amino acids and do not put stress on the pancreas. Reducing blood sugar levels is achieved through a unique ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. This type of legume has the same properties as insulin.

Ingredients:

white beans – 1 cup;
dried mushrooms – 200 g;
carrots – 1 pc.;
onion – 1 pc.;
sunflower oil – 1 tbsp. l.;
low-fat cream – 100 g;
cloves – 2 pcs.;
salt - a pinch.

Cooking method:

8 hours before cooking, cover the beans with cold water. Then drain the liquid, pour in 1.5 liters of water and bring to a boil.
Pour water over dried mushrooms 30 minutes before cooking. After swelling, cut into slices and cook in the same liquid.
After the beans boil, remove the foam with a slotted spoon, add salt and spicy spices, and reduce the heat. After 15 minutes, add finely chopped vegetables to the soup.
When the beans are ready, add half a portion of boiled mushrooms to them. The second half must be sautéed with butter, but not combined with the rest of the ingredients.
Remove the cloves and puree the soup in a blender until smooth. Fried mushrooms, cream and herbs will decorate the dish.

Video

Diabetes is now very common, although in most cases its development can be prevented by changing lifestyle.

If a person is prone to diabetes, then there is no need to live by denying yourself everything. You just need to follow a certain diet, which may include sweets, and you also need to lead a healthy lifestyle.

To begin with, try to lose weight, even with a small weight loss (up to ten percent of your total body weight), your blood sugar level will decrease, your blood pressure will drop, and your cholesterol level will decrease.

After all, people who are overweight are more likely to suffer from diabetes.

At the same time, doctors pay increased attention to a person’s waist size, which indicates a tendency to diabetes.

Who is prone to diabetes?

The risk group includes:

women whose waist circumference is more than eighty-seven centimeters,

men whose waist circumference is more than one hundred centimeters,

women and men with an “apple” body type (their fat is deposited on the stomach) - to avoid turning into an “apple”, do not consume fructose (it is found in sweetened drinks - lemonade, coffee, energy drinks, etc., donuts, muffins , chocolate bars, candies, etc. This increases waist size and the risk of developing diabetes).

Causes of diabetes mellitus:

Diabetes mellitus develops due to metabolic disorders due to poor absorption of glucose by the body.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus: develops due to the death of beta cells of the pancreas and insulin deficiency. The main method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy. An auxiliary method of treatment is adherence to a regimen and diet.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus: often develops against a background of obesity.

Mild form of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the main treatment method is diet.

Moderate, severe form of diabetes: the main method of treatment is taking medications that lower blood sugar levels or taking insulin; an auxiliary method of treatment is diet.

Even if you have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, your diet can be balanced, varied, nutritious, and you can even eat sweets.

Few diabetics have a good idea of what they can eat. And you can eat a lot.

The basis of the diet is eight hundred grams of vegetables per day, three hundred grams of fruits per day, fermented milk products (up to 0.5 liters per day), meat, fish - three hundred grams per day, mushrooms - one hundred grams per day, one hundred grams of bread or two hundred grams of potatoes (croup) per day. Sometimes you can eat healthy sweets.

The point of the diet for diabetics is to restore lost insulin sensitivity to cells, i.e., returning the ability to absorb sugar (which is necessary for the absorption of carbohydrates).

Why do cells stop sensing insulin? Because a person’s diet contains an excessive amount of carbohydrates (with abuse of sweets and flour), which causes the blood sugar level to rise.

How to control the amount of carbohydrates entering the body? Using “bread units”.

A bread unit is a “measuring spoon” for calculating carbohydrates.

The fact is that all products containing carbohydrates have significant differences in physical properties, composition, and calorie content.

Therefore, it is difficult to determine the required amount of daily food intake without special knowledge. To make the task easier, nutritionists came up with a conventional concept for diabetic patients - “bread unit”.

One bread unit contains twelve to fifteen grams of digestible carbohydrates.

When consuming one unit of bread, the blood sugar level increases by 2.8 mmol/l; two units of insulin are needed for their absorption.

A bread unit is important for diabetic patients who receive insulin, since it is important for them to comply with the daily carbohydrate intake, which must correspond to the administered insulin. Otherwise, the blood sugar level will increase or decrease.

Keeping in mind a bread unit (i.e.), people suffering from diabetes can correctly compose their diet and wisely replace some foods containing carbohydrates with others.

1 h.e. = thirty grams of black bread, twenty-five grams of white bread, half a glass of buckwheat or oatmeal, one medium apple, two prunes, etc.

People with diabetes should consume 18 - 25 h.e. per day. They need to be distributed over 6 meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner - 3-5 h.e., snack - 1-2 h.e.

The largest portion of carbohydrate intake should occur in the first part of the day.

Principles of diet for diabetes:

The amount of energy contained in food should be equal to the energy needs of the sick person. But the amount of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates needs to be balanced.

To enhance the feeling of fullness, we eat: vegetables - fresh cabbage, sauerkraut, lettuce, spinach, green peas, cucumber, tomato.

To improve liver function, we eat: foods that contain lipotropic factors (cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal, etc.), limit the consumption of: meat broth, fish broth, fried foods.

I. Eat foods that are high in fiber: while limiting your intake of foods that contain refined carbohydrates: white bread, pasta, rice, lemonade, candy. Replace them with foods that have a high fiber content, from which carbohydrates are absorbed slowly, which helps keep your blood sugar levels at normal levels.

We replace:

white rice to brown rice,

potatoes (fries, mashed potatoes) for sweet potatoes, yams, cauliflower,

regular pasta to coarse pasta,

white bread for coarse bread,

sweet cereals to cereals containing fiber,

instant oatmeal in rolled oats,

corn flakes with bran.

II. You need to imagine what effect food will have on your sugar level. To do this, you need to focus on the glycemic index of foods.

What is the glycemic index?

This is a measure of how foods affect your blood sugar levels after you eat them.

The meaning is this: when you eat certain foods, your blood sugar levels increase.

This means you need to find on the Internet and print out a table of the glycemic index (GI) of foods.

According to the GI, products can be divided into:

Products that have a high GI and low fiber and protein content: white rice, light pasta, white bread, potatoes, baked goods, sweets, chips, etc. - their consumption is limited.

Products with an average GI - they can be consumed in any quantity ((vegetables, most fruits (exception: fruit juice, dried fruit, canned fruit)).

Low GI foods containing a lot of fiber and protein (nuts, seeds, lean meat, seafood, grains, legumes).

You should not eat a lot of food containing a lot of starch. Instead, you need to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits: apples, pears, peaches, bananas, mangoes, papaya.

It’s good if you have the opportunity to eat unrefined grains - wholemeal bread, brown rice, natural grain flakes.

We limit: consumption of potatoes, white bread, premium pasta.

Avoid eating sweets with high-calorie foods that have a low glycemic index (ice cream). Reduce your fruit juice intake to a glass per day. Avoid sweetened drinks.

Your diet must include healthy foods: beans, fish, chicken.

You need to include healthy fats in your diet - olive oil, nuts (almonds, walnuts), avocados. But, you need to limit your consumption of saturated fats of animal origin, which are found in dairy products. We completely remove partially hydrogenated fats from the menu (fast food, shelf-stable food products).

Eat three times a day, be sure to have breakfast. You can also snack 1-2 times a day.

We eat slowly, do not overeat.

III. We control our consumption of sweets, of course, sometimes you can eat dessert, but you need to maintain moderation.

By eating sweets, you add more carbohydrates to your menu, which is why you need to cut down on the amount of carbohydrate-containing foods you consume.

Try to eat desserts containing fats (peanut butter, cheese, yogurt, nuts), because... When fats are broken down, the digestion process slows down and the process of increasing blood sugar levels.

Sweets can be consumed during breakfast, lunch, dinner, but not in between meals, otherwise the blood sugar level will greatly increase.

When eating sweets, enjoy the food, then you will not eat more than normal.

How to reduce sugar levels:...

We reduce the amount of soft drinks, lemonade, juice, i.e., sweetened drinks consumed.

When drinking tea and coffee, reduce the amount of cream and sweeteners.

Consume mostly unsweetened foods - unsweetened iced tea, yogurt, unsweetened oatmeal. Because you will sweeten your food with less sugar than the manufacturing company.

When cooking, reduce the amount of sugar described in the recipe by one fourth (instead of a glass of sugar, put ⅔ glass of sugar). To enhance the taste, add cinnamon and vanillin.

We replace sweets with healthy foods (eat a banana instead of ice cream, replace milk chocolate with dark chocolate).

We eat 1/2 of the usual serving of sweets, and replace another ½ of it with fruit.

We drink alcohol with caution, even beer and wine, because it is easy to underestimate the number of calories and carbohydrates they contain. Cocktails generally contain a lot of fruit juice and sugar. You cannot drink more than 1 alcoholic drink per day for women, 2 for men. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages on an empty stomach, because they interfere with the absorption of diabetic medications.

IV. We control the consumption of fats, as they contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Fatty foods are high in calories, so portion sizes need to be controlled.

Harmful fats include saturated fats (animal products - red meat, whole milk, dairy products, eggs), trans fats (these are partially hydrogenated oils created by adding hydrogen to liquid vegetable oil).

Healthy fats include unsaturated fats, which are found in plant foods, fish, seafood (olive oil, canola oil, nuts, avocados. And healthy Omega-3 fatty acids are found in salmon, tuna, flaxseed oil).

For cooking we use olive oil instead of vegetable oil.

Before cooking, you need to trim fat from meat and remove skin from poultry.

Instead of unhealthy foods (chips, crackers), we eat nuts, seeds, muesli, and nut butter.

Instead of fried, we eat boiled or baked.

Instead of red meat, we eat fish three times a week.

Use avocado instead of cheese.

When baking, we use rapeseed oil instead of butter.

Instead of cream, use low-fat milk or sour cream.

V. We eat food regularly, and be sure to keep a diary.

To successfully lose weight, you need to follow a diet, writing down all the foods you eat in a diary.

To regulate blood sugar levels and body weight, eat regularly and consider the portion size.

Breakfast should not be skipped; it will help you maintain your blood sugar levels throughout the day.

Eat small portions, and eat six times a day so as not to overeat.

Monitor your calorie intake, it should be approximately the same every day.

By keeping a food diary, it is easier to lose weight, because you can easily find the problematic aspects of your diet if you consume more calories than necessary. Also, you will get rid of unnecessary snacks.

VI. We do light physical exercise. Why do diabetics need exercise?

To prevent diabetes and prevent its development.

Also, with the help of physical exercise you can lose weight and maintain weight at the desired level.

To start, you can start walking a couple of times a week for 30 minutes. You can also go swimming and cycling.

Nutrition for pregnant women and diabetics

Let us remind you once again that the diet for type 1 diabetes, like the diet for type 2 diabetes, is selected strictly together with doctors. The endocrinologist should help adjust the menu for pregnant women in order to minimize all possible risks for the child and mother. He must clearly indicate the dose of insulin that the pregnant woman should take.

Unfortunately, 4% of women develop diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which is called gestational diabetes. Its occurrence can be caused by obesity, the presence of diabetics in the family, diabetes in the first pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc. At the first symptoms of increased blood sugar, the doctor must conduct additional tests to prescribe the necessary treatment. Proper treatment and nutrition will reduce the threat to the health of mother and child. It is worth noting that after childbirth, gestational diabetes goes away in most women.

As already mentioned, in the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes, diet plays an important role. It is necessary to reduce the calorie content of foods (to 1600-2000 kcal), the daily diet should contain up to 40% complex carbohydrates, 15-20% proteins and 30-35% fats. This will compensate for glucose levels and remove the threat to the life of the mother and child. Meals should be fractional, optimally 6 meals per day. Also, a woman during pregnancy should consume more vitamins and minerals. The diet for gestational diabetes should be combined with exercise and walks in the fresh air. In this case, working muscles consume glucose, which helps lower blood sugar levels.

In order to avoid possible complications, the menu for pregnant women should contain decoctions of nettle, rose hips, flaxseed, and ginseng. They will not affect metabolic processes and will help reduce and maintain normal sugar levels. But before supplementing your diet with such products, you should consult a doctor.

While eating: do not swallow quickly, chew slowly, because... The brain needs time to saturate. Therefore, stop eating if you feel 80% full. We wait twenty minutes, and then when we feel hungry, we take a supplement.

Don't look for pleasure in food: plant flowers, listen to music, walk in the park, get a pet, take a bath, visit a massage therapist. And you won’t want to eat in excess or consume sweets.

Attention: if you have type 1 diabetes, your doctor will select a diet for you individually, after reviewing your medical history, test results, and asking you about the presence of concomitant diseases (hypertension, gastritis, peptic ulcer).

Authorized products:

Rye bread, bread with added bran, wheat bread, wheat bread made from second-grade flour - two hundred grams per day, if you eat black bread (you can eat up to three hundred grams per day, with a doctor’s permission),

You can eat flour products - only the inconvenient ones - only by reducing the amount of bread in your diet.

Soups: vegetable soup, cabbage soup, borscht, beetroot soup, meat okroshka, vegetable okroshka, weak low-fat meat broth, weak fish broth, mushroom broth with the addition of vegetables, allowed cereals, potatoes, meatballs (twice a week),

Meat, poultry: you can eat lean beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey - boiled, stewed, chopped, or in pieces.

Low-fat fish: boiled, baked, jellied, sometimes fried (pike perch, cod, pike, navaga), seafood, canned fish in its own juice.

Appetizers: you can eat vinaigrette, fresh vegetable salad, vegetable caviar, squash caviar, soaked herring, jellied meat, jellied fish, seafood salad, low-fat beef jelly, unsalted cheese.

Jelly, sambuca, mousse, compote, candies with xylitol, sorbitol.

Allowed drinks: tea, coffee with milk, vegetable juice, low-sweet fruits and berries, rosehip decoction.

vegetables: white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, zucchini, onions, white onions, green onions, red onions, leeks, shallots, cucumber, tomatoes, bell peppers, rhubarb , turnips, green beans, leafy vegetables, eggplant, celery root, garlic; vegetable dishes (leafy greens, white cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, rutabaga, radishes, cucumber, zucchini, potatoes, beets, carrots) - boiled, raw, baked. We limit the consumption of potatoes, taking into account the norm of carbohydrates; we also take into account carbohydrates in carrots, beets, and green peas. It is best to eat vegetables that contain less than five percent carbohydrates - cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, cucumber, tomato, eggplant. We eat them raw, boiled, baked, stewed, and sometimes fried.

fruits: apricot, cherry, pear, cherry plum, plum, sweet cherry, apple, citruses, watermelon, melon, mango, kiwi, feijoa, pomegranate, pineapple, Sour fruits and berries, sweet and sour fruits and berries (red currants, cranberries, etc. .) - up to two hundred grams per day raw, you can make compote with xylitol, sorbitol. You can make sweets, specially prepared diabetic products.

fermented milk products and dairy products - milk (if permitted by the doctor); kefir, yogurt - two glasses a day, up to two hundred grams of cottage cheese a day - natural, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, pudding, low-fat cottage cheese (in limited quantities you can eat sour cream, low-fat cheese).

chicken egg, egg dishes (two a week - you can eat a white omelet, a soft-boiled egg, add to dishes), yolks are best consumed in limited quantities.

herbs, spices, sprouts,
allowed drinks: mineral water, herbal tea, rose hip decoction, tea with added milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juice (it is allowed to drink up to five glasses of liquid per day in total).

Dishes from cereals, legumes, pasta - rarely, reducing the amount of bread consumed. We eat the following cereals (within the carbohydrate limits) - buckwheat porridge, barley porridge, millet porridge, pearl barley porridge, oatmeal.

Butter, vegetable oil (forty grams per day for cooking).

Prohibited products:

salted vegetables, pickled vegetables,

Fruits: grapes, figs, raisins, banana, dates,

fat sauce, hot sauce, salty sauce,

grape juice and other industrially prepared juices containing sugar, sugar-based lemonades,

meat fat, cooking fat,

It is advisable not to use pepper, horseradish, mustard or greatly limit it.

sugar and products containing sugar (sweets, chocolate, confectionery, baked goods, honey, jam, marmalade, chocolate, ice cream, condensed milk, sweet curd cheese, etc.). A small amount of sugar can only be allowed with a doctor's permission.

alcoholic drinks - accelerate the breakdown of glucose in cells, causing hypoglycemia in diabetics.

hot, spicy, salty, smoked,

lamb fat and pork fat.

The meal schedule is six meals a day, at the same time.

Dinner no later than two hours before bedtime.

You should not skip breakfast as it helps maintain normal blood sugar levels.

A diet for diabetics must be followed throughout life to avoid the development of blindness, cardiovascular diseases, and to maintain a beautiful figure.

Diet for diabetes mellitus menu for a week

Day 1	Breakfast	fried quail eggs, asparagus
	2nd breakfast	salad (squid, apple, walnuts)
	Dinner	beetroot soup, baked eggplants with nuts, pomegranate
	Snack	chocolate ice cream with avocado
Day 2	Breakfast	oatmeal with grated apple, stevia, a glass of natural yogurt
	2nd breakfast	melon smoothie (in a blender, mix a glass of peeled melon slices, a handful of cherries or strawberries and a few ice cubes)
	Dinner	vegetable stew with veal
	Snack	mango and avocado mousse
	Dinner	salad (green peas, parsley)
Day 3	Breakfast	omelet with tomatoes, basil, cheese
	2nd breakfast	hummus, steamed vegetables
	Dinner	soup with celery root, green peas, chicken cutlets with herbs
	Snack	pears with the addition of almonds (½ 2 pears sprinkled with lemon juice, stuffed with fried chopped almonds, garnished with mint leaves)
	Dinner
Day 4	Breakfast	plum pie without adding flour (take twelve plums, chop, marinate in lemon juice for ten minutes. Melt one teaspoon of butter in a frying pan, add plums, add cinnamon, a tablespoon of stevia. Keep on low heat for ten minutes, cool before serving)
	2nd breakfast	sandwich, egg salad
	Dinner	puree soup with cauliflower, broccoli, steak (beef, arugula, parmesan, tomatoes)
	Snack	fruit and berry dessert (distribute finely chopped fruits and berries in an ice tray - strawberries, cherries, mango, kiwi, freshly squeezed orange juice, freeze)
	Dinner	Broccoli roll
Day 5	Breakfast	two slices of low-fat cheese with two slices of whole grain bread, one orange, drink a cup of coffee
	2nd breakfast	salad (raw grated beets, walnuts, mustard oil)
	Dinner	salad (salmon, grapefruit), wild rice
	Snack	fresh berries with low fat whipped cream
	Dinner	baked red onion
Day 6	Breakfast	carrot and cottage cheese soufflé
	2nd breakfast	salad (salmon, spinach, yogurt)
	Dinner	salad (arugula, chicken breast, cherries)
	Snack	mousse (take one banana, one kiwi, one hundred grams of raspberries, a tablespoon of natural yogurt, beat in a blender, sprinkle with cinnamon)
	Dinner	baked cod with spices
Day 7	Breakfast	baked apple with raisins and walnuts
	2nd breakfast	salad (celery, pear, kohlrabi)
	Dinner	tuna salad
	Snack	fruit dessert with mascarpone
	Dinner	Vegetable Salad

First week

Day 1	Breakfast	Cottage cheese with added milk, crumbly buckwheat with added butter
		Vegetarian vegetable pack, meat and potato stew, one apple
		In arena fish, stewed cabbage
		100 gr. kefir
	Breakfast	N sweet rolled oats, tea with added milk
		Country soup prepared with meat broth, boiled meat, stewed cabbage, dried fruit compote prepared with the addition of saccharin
		Boiled fish, fresh vegetable salad
		A glass of kefir
	Breakfast
		In vegetarian borscht with the addition of low-fat sour cream, meat goulash, boiled rice, dried fruit compote with the addition of saccharin
		Stir-fried cabbage with added mushrooms
		Takana kefir
	Breakfast	100 gr. fish, 150 grams of boiled potatoes, a glass of tea
		Rassolnik cooked in meat broth, with the addition of low-fat sour cream, cabbage rolls, one apple
		P stewed fish, viscous buckwheat
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	50 gr. fish, boiled potatoes, glass of tea
		In vegetarian cabbage soup with the addition of fresh cabbage and potatoes, meat goulash, pearl barley, dried fruit compote prepared with saccharin
		In arena meat, stewed cabbage
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	80 grams of buckwheat, a glass of tea
		Rassolnik cooked in meat broth with sour cream, fried fish, one apple
		Sweet carrot casserole with cottage cheese
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	150 grams of cottage cheese casserole, a glass of tea with milk
		Vegetable soup with beans, cooked in meat broth, potato casserole with meat, dried fruit compote, cooked in saccharin
		M clear cutlet, steamed, stewed cabbage
		With a dose of kefir

Second week

Day 1	Breakfast	Cottage cheese casserole, a glass of chicory with added milk
		With pack with added meatballs, monastic buckwheat, one apple
		In arena fish, vegetables
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	100 gr. low-fat cottage cheese, a glass of green tea
		Ground beef, two hundred grams of vegetables, unsweetened fruits, a glass of green tea
		250 grams of steamed fish, salad (cucumber, tomato, bell pepper)
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	2 diet bread, low-fat cheese, a glass of green tea
		Cooked rice, boiled chicken breast, unsweetened fruit, a glass of green tea
		With alat (greens, fresh vegetables, vegetable oil), boiled chicken breast
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	With 100 grams of chicory with added milk, one hundred grams of low-fat cottage cheese
		About a soft-boiled chicken egg, salad (boiled carrots, vegetable oil), a glass of green tea
		Vegetable oulash (eggplant, tomato, celery, capers)
		With a glass of green tea
	Breakfast	G river, glass of green tea
		O cooked chicken breast, vegetable salad, glass of tea
		With a salad of fresh vegetables with olive oil dressing, 100 gr. steam fish
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	100 gr. low-fat cottage cheese, a glass of low-fat milk
		In vegetarian cabbage soup, turkey stew, dried fruit compote prepared with saccharin
		One gram of boiled meat, 150 grams of potatoes, five grams of butter, two apples
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	A piece of dietary grain bread, spread with curd cheese, a glass of tea with milk and xylitol.
		A plate of mushroom broth with vegetables, stewed cabbage, meatballs, a glass of green tea
		Three times made from carrots and cottage cheese (take seventy-five grams of carrots, fifty grams of cottage cheese, one egg, eight grams of semolina, one hundred grams of crackers)
		With a glass of green tea, two apples

Third week

Day 1	Breakfast	About mlette from chicken egg whites, a glass of vegetable juice
		M clear meat okroshka with the addition of lean veal and fresh vegetables, a glass of green tea
		A small portion of vinaigrette, baked pike perch
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	Bran toast, a piece of unsalted cheese, a glass of chicory with added milk
		Used vegetable broth, boiled potatoes, a couple of pieces of soaked herring
		Squash caviar, baked lean beef
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	With yrniki made from low-fat cottage cheese with fructose, a glass of green tea
		Veal borscht, beef jelly
		Low-fat fish, vegetables, sweet and sour berry jelly
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	O porridge, a glass of green tea, one apple
		O vegetable soup, meat and potato stew, one apple
		In arena fish, stewed cabbage
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	1 soft-boiled egg, bran toast, a glass of chicory with added milk
		Soup with meatballs, stewed cabbage, compote of fresh sweet and sour fruits and berries
		Stir-fried cabbage with added mushrooms
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	Oh porridge, two apples
		O vegetable soup, fish aspic, dried fruit compote with fructose
		Rabbit stew, fresh vegetables, glass of green tea
		With a dose of kefir
	Breakfast	River cooked with milk, one boiled soft-boiled egg, a glass of green tea
		Rassolnik cooked in meat broth with the addition of low-fat sour cream, seafood salad
		Baked vegetables, canned fish in their own juice
		A glass of kefir

"Food is your medicine." This saying of Hippocrates suits diabetics like no other. Proper nutrition for diabetes can reduce glycemia, relieve unpleasant symptoms, and prevent complications. Do not forget that type 2 disease is not limited to problems with carbohydrate metabolism. Patients are also characterized by high blood pressure, excess cholesterol in the blood, clogged blood vessels, excess weight, and vitamin deficiency.

Most of these problems can be solved with the help of a rationally structured diet, and the menu does not necessarily include expensive products produced specifically for diabetics. To get all the necessary substances, simple, accessible food is enough.

Why does diabetes require special nutrition?

The body immediately tries to redirect the glucose that enters our vessels from food to its destination - muscle and fat tissue. The main assistant in cleansing the blood of glucose is the hormone insulin. Another function of insulin is to delay the breakdown of fats. If there is insulin in the blood, it means that the body will soon receive the glucose it needs, that is, there will be no need to use fats for nutrition.

Insulin resistance is typical at the onset of type 2 diabetes. This is a pathological condition that is expressed in the weakening of insulin. The cells of the body do not react to it as before, they are less active in allowing glucose into themselves, which is why it begins to accumulate in the blood. In response to an increase in glycemia, more and more insulin is produced, the body strives to overcome insulin resistance. At this stage, a diabetic patient finds himself in a vicious circle. A constant excess of glucose and insulin forms in the blood, weight gradually increases, and following this, insulin resistance increases even more.

Only special diabetic nutrition can help you get out of this circle. Its main task is to reduce the flow of glucose into the bloodstream, at the same time the release of insulin will decrease, weight loss will be easier, and insulin resistance will decrease.

Most diabetics are obese people. Excess weight weakens the functioning of insulin, reduces the effectiveness of treatment, and provokes vascular disorders that lead to hypertension, angiopathy and multiple complications. And here proper nutrition plays a vital role. You can lose weight by reducing the calorie content of your food. There is no other effective way to lose weight and maintain your health.

Doctors pay special attention to the diet of patients and consider it an integral part of treatment. They understand perfectly well that it is impossible to compensate for diabetes with pills alone, so each patient is given a list of allowed and undesirable foods. The task of patients is to understand how nutrition affects the body and create a menu that they could stick to for the rest of their lives. Naturally, such food should be tasty, varied and healthy.

Diet for diabetics

Knowing about the need for dietary nutrition is not enough; you need to be able to organize it yourself. The following nutritional rules can help with this:

You need to eat at least 3 times a day. The more evenly glucose enters the blood, the more successfully it is removed from it. For diabetes, the ideal diet is 3 meals, 2 snacks between them.
Calorie intake is either distributed evenly throughout the day, or most of the calories occur in the morning and afternoon.
With a properly selected diet, you should feel hungry only in the first week of the diet. If you want to eat so much that it is difficult to wait for the next meal, it means there is not enough food.
If you no longer want to eat, but there is still food on your plate, leave it in the refrigerator until you snack.
While eating, enjoy the food on your plate and don't be distracted by the TV or phone.
Avoid eating for company. During feasts, immediately fill your plate with permitted foods and eat them throughout the evening. For diabetes mellitus, half the plate should be occupied by vegetables, a quarter by meat or fish, and only the rest should be filled with high-carbohydrate foods.
Try not to use food as an antidepressant. When you are in a bad mood, the best cure is any active activity in the fresh air, rather than a rich diet.
Make sure that diabetic foods are always in the refrigerator. Make lists of what you need and take them with you to the store.

You cannot consider carbohydrates your enemy and strive to completely eliminate them from your menu. A type 2 diabetic should have all the necessary substances on his table. Recommended ratio: carbohydrates 50%, fats 30%, proteins 20%. This diet is balanced, so the whole family can follow it.

Proteins or carbohydrates – what to choose

Diabetes mellitus is provoked not only by genetic factors, but also by an unhealthy lifestyle, including a refined, high-carbohydrate diet. With the onset of the disease and rising insulin levels, these addictions only get worse. It would seem that the best way out of the situation is to completely eliminate carbohydrates from the diet, restructuring the metabolism to other sources of nutrition. However, it is impossible to do this without harm to health:

carbohydrates are contained in many healthy foods; if we exclude them, we will lose most of the vitamins;
We need them for digestion. A diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates will inevitably lead to constipation;
Low-carb nutrition provokes ketosis. This condition is not dangerous, but there is little pleasant in it either: diabetics feel drowsiness, fatigue, and the smell of acetone emanates from them.

Type 2 diabetics can eat only slow carbohydrates. These include legumes, cereals and fresh, boiled and baked vegetables. When creating a menu, it is easiest to focus on. The lower it is, the slower carbohydrates will be absorbed, which means that glycemia will rise less. In case of diabetes mellitus, the diet must contain the slowest carbohydrates -. Not only does it hardly convert into glucose, but it also helps slow down the absorption of other carbohydrates.

Proteins in the diet for uncomplicated diabetes mellitus are not limited. For kidney failure, treatment includes reducing the amount of protein to 0.8 g per kg of weight. The best sources of proteins are low-fat dairy products, dietary meat, fish, and skinless poultry. The main requirement for protein foods is a minimum of saturated fats (no more than 7% of total calories), as they increase the risk of vascular complications of diabetes. A complex of proteins and healthy unsaturated fats is found in seafood and fish.

How to eat if you have diabetes and are overweight

To reduce body weight, you need to change your diet by reducing your caloric intake. At the same time, you should not go to extremes in an effort to achieve a great figure. Under severe restrictions, our body goes into protective mode and fights for every gram of fat. A sign of proper weight loss is a weight loss of less than 4 kg per month. More active weight loss is possible only in diabetic patients with severe obesity. The calorie content of the daily menu for women should not fall below 1200 kcal, for men – 1500 kcal.

As a rule, patients with significant excess weight do not need to count every calorie; it is enough to avoid certain foods. For convenience, you can use the following table:

Product groups
Low-calorie, can be included in the menu without restrictions.	Moderately high in calories. To lose weight, their volume needs to be reduced by 2 times.	High-calorie, we exclude them from the diet while losing weight.
Vegetables except potatoes, herbs, mushrooms. We give preference to fresh vegetables.	Lean fish and meat, eggs, poultry, with the exception of duck and goose. Milk, kefir less than 2.5% fat, cottage cheese up to 5%, cheese up to 30%. Legumes, bread, cereals. Fruits, except bananas and melons.	Fatty meat, sausages, semi-finished meat products, canned food. Lard, butter, mayonnaise. All sweets, alcoholic drinks, nuts, seeds.

Recipes for familiar dishes will have to be revised. Cabbage and cucumber salad, which will not affect glycemia in any way in case of diabetes, can turn out to be a high-calorie food if generously seasoned with vegetable oil. A teaspoon of sunflower oil has the same calories as a slice of white bread.

We will also have to give up snacks, which we often don’t even notice. A handful of seeds contains about 300 calories; this is a complete meal, not entertainment. The same applies to nuts, peanuts, dried dates and raisins. The latter in diabetes mellitus will also lead to a sharp jump in glucose. It is worth paying attention to such a healthy product as cheese. A couple of translucent slices of cheese are equal in calorie content to the bread on which it lies.

During the period of weight loss, the body may lack nutrients. This problem can be solved with the help of any vitamin complex intended for diabetics - we are talking about them.

Do's and Don'ts

The diet of a patient with diabetes mellitus is based on a simple principle: we take allowed foods as the basis of the diet, completely remove prohibited ones, add some favorite foods from the second column so that the restrictions do not seem too strict. A strict diet for type 2 diabetes usually does more harm than good, as it is fraught with regular breakdowns.

We use without restrictions	Reducing consumption	Excluded from the menu
Lean meat and fish. Chicken, turkey without skin. Egg whites. Seafood.	Pork, industrial ham products, egg yolks.	Sausages, except dietary ones. Smoked meats, fatty meats, lard, poultry skin.
Buckwheat, pearl barley, dry peas and green peas, beans, lentils.	Whole grain pasta. Hercules, fresh corn and cereals.	Wheat cereals, especially semolina. Any completely boiled cereals. Pasta, rice.
Low GI vegetables are fresh and cooked without fat. Any greens.	Potatoes, boiled beets and carrots.	Mashed potatoes, fried potatoes.
Low-fat fermented milk products in their natural form, without sugar and starch.	Hard and processed cheeses, cream, sour cream.	Butter, spreads.
Whole grain breads and tortillas.	Any bread, including bran, malt, lavash.	Butter and puff pastry in any form, even with savory filling.
Mineral water, green and black tea without sugar, special tea for type 2 diabetics.	Carbonated drinks with sweeteners. Dry wine. Tomato juice.	Carbonated drinks with sugar, kvass, beer, sweet wines, packaged juices, strong alcohol.
Lemon, berries, avocado. The daily portion is equivalent to 2 apples.	Other fruits. To ensure an even supply of glucose, divide them into small portions.	Jam, dried fruits, except dried apricots. Bananas, watermelon.
Treats for diabetics twice a week.	Unsweetened bagels, straws, crackers.	Any confectionery with sugar.
Dressings based on yogurt, kefir, matsoni.	Ketchup, tkemali and other sauces.	Mayonnaise and sauces based on it.

Menu for every day

Diabetes is an expensive disease. Even if the state provides the patient with medications, you still have to buy expensive glucometer strips, vitamins, sweeteners, etc. But the diet menu requires much less money than is commonly thought, since it is based on cheap, simple products. Many delicacies are prohibited for diabetes, complex dishes also do not always comply with nutritional rules, and special treats do more harm than good.

Let's try to create a sample menu from available food products. If you have an active day ahead, you can eat more carbohydrates for breakfast than at other meals.

Breakfast options for type 2 diabetes:

Cottage cheese with salt and chopped herbs, a couple of breads, hibiscus with sweetener.
Scrambled eggs from 2 eggs with pepper, green peas, tomatoes. Green tea, milk.
Baked cheesecakes with a handful of seasonal berries, chicory-based coffee substitute.
Buckwheat porridge, milk.
Steamed oatmeal with apples and yogurt. Black tea, lemon.
Protein omelet with cauliflower (cabbage can be frozen). Rosehip infusion.
Cold baked meat, boiled egg, cucumber, bread, orange.

For lunch, it is advisable to eat hot soup, as it provides a long-lasting feeling of fullness. Soups for diabetics have fewer potatoes. It is not advisable to put noodles and rice in them, but you can put cabbage and legumes without restrictions.

What soups are allowed for diabetes:

traditional borscht;
okroshka;
pea soup;
lentil soup;
white bean soup;
green borscht;
vegetable soup with chicken breast.

To eat properly with type 2 diabetes, you must include several servings of fresh vegetables in your menu, one of them for dinner. In winter, fresh and sauerkraut, grated carrots with garlic, green peas, and stewed vegetables are suitable. White cabbage and Chinese cabbage are now available at any time of the year. Broccoli and cauliflower can be purchased frozen. We supplement this diet with a piece of meat, poultry, or fish. They need to be boiled or baked without oil.

Snacks can be fresh vegetables (cucumbers, radishes, sticks of carrots, bell peppers), fermented milk products, fruits.

A few recipes for the common people

Here are recipes for inexpensive, easy-to-prepare dishes that are allowed for diabetes. Your family members will also enjoy eating them.

Spring okroshka

Cut 200 g of boiled chicken or turkey breast, 3 boiled eggs, 3 cucumbers, 5 radishes, a bunch of green onions and dill. Add tsp. mustard, salt. Pour a mixture of mineral water and kefir and leave for 2 hours.

Unusual cabbage salad

Cut a small head of white cabbage into large squares, simmer in a small amount of water so that it becomes a little softer, but does not cook completely. Add 1 grated apple, a pinch of coriander, tbsp. vinegar. Mix everything, cool.

Zucchini pancakes for breakfast

In the evening, grate 2 zucchini on a coarse grater, add salt and leave in the refrigerator until morning. In the morning, squeeze out the released juice, add a little dill and 1 egg to the squash cake. Form thin pancakes and fry them in a dry (or very little oil) frying pan. These pancakes are especially tasty with matsoni or homemade yogurt.

Homemade fermented milk products

To make yogurt without additives, you only need to spend 10 minutes before bed. Heat half a liter of milk to 60 degrees, stir a teaspoon of starter into it. The first time the starter will be a fermented milk product from the store, then leave a little homemade yogurt. Pour the warm mixture into a thermos and close it. In the morning, thick yogurt is ready. Matsoni is made using the same principle.

Curd and vegetable casserole

Mix half a kilo of low-fat cottage cheese, 2 grated carrots, 2 egg whites, 100 g of kefir, tbsp. flour, 0.5 tsp. soda You can add cauliflower and white cabbage, green beans, and pepper. Place the mixture in the pan and bake for 40 minutes.

>> - a large list for diabetics

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases of civilization. Type 2 diabetes occurs solely due to excessive consumption of carbohydrates, and type 1 is an autoimmune disease that can be caused or exacerbated by grains, as well as industrial vegetable oils. Alzheimer's disease has recently been called “type 3 diabetes.”

The saddest thing is that the promoted healthy eating pyramid directs people directly into the arms of diabetes, and the diets recommended for the disease are ineffective. The diet recommended for people with obesity and diabetes is very similar to what we feed pigs to make them fat as quickly as possible - this, unfortunately, proves that commercial medicine and concerns are doing everything to make as many people as possible suffer from diabetes because they make money from it.

The Internet is filled with sites offering various diets for diabetes, which are based on complex carbohydrates, calculating complex glycemic indices, limiting meat, fat, eggs or fried foods.

Every diabetic patient who has tried such diets can say that their effectiveness is very low - instead of reducing blood sugar levels, they only reduce the comfort of life. It doesn't take an Einstein to understand that if you have too much sugar in your blood, you need to eat less of it.

If type 2 diabetes mellitus appears only due to excess consumption of carbohydrates, then the only way to an effective cure for the disease is to limit them, i.e. low carbohydrate diet. However, remember not to go to extremes - if you eat few carbohydrates, this can cause insulin resistance, which will not be very beneficial for a diabetic.

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease caused by a lack of insulin (a pancreatic hormone) in the body or its low activity. As a result, with diabetes mellitus, the glucose content in the blood increases (hyperglycemia), which leads to metabolic disorders and gradual damage to almost all functional systems of the body.

The main therapeutic goal of measures for diabetes mellitus is to normalize metabolic processes in the body. An indicator of normalization is a decrease in blood sugar levels. At the same time, the patient’s general well-being improves: thirst decreases and performance increases.

Basic rules of nutrition for diabetes:

Meals should be divided (5-6 meals per day), which promotes more uniform absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines with a gentle increase in blood glucose levels.
Food must be taken at certain hours, then it will be easier to regulate blood sugar and insulin dose.
It is necessary to exclude or limit foods that raise blood sugar high: sugar, confectionery, jam, jam, grapes.
The diet should include food with a sufficient content of fiber, “dietary fiber” (vegetables, flour products), since these products increase sugar to a lesser extent.
It is desirable that the prepared dishes contain a small amount of fat (~30%), and more than half (up to 75%) of it should be represented by vegetable oils (sunflower, corn, olive, etc.).
The caloric intake of a sick child's food should be the same from day to day (especially when selecting the dose of insulin) and correspond to his age. It is also very important to maintain the same calorie intake at the same meals (breakfast-breakfast, lunch-lunch, etc.).
Otherwise, the diet of a patient with diabetes should not differ from normal (physiological) nutrition.

Features of nutrition for diabetes

Diabetes mellitus requires primarily dietary treatment. The amount of energy in food should be equal to the patient’s energy loss, a balanced intake of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, meals - 5-6 times a day. Nutrition calculations are carried out in grain units. 1 bread unit = 12 g glucose. The body should receive 18-24 bread units per day, which are distributed as follows: breakfast 9-10 units, second breakfast and afternoon snack 1-2 units each, lunch 6-7 units, dinner 3-4 units.

For overweight diabetic patients, vegetables such as fresh and sauerkraut, spinach, lettuce, green peas, cucumbers, and tomatoes should be included in the diet. This enhances the feeling of fullness. In diabetes, the liver suffers significantly. To improve its function, you need to introduce foods containing lipotropic factors (cottage cheese, oatmeal, soy and others) into your diet and limit fried foods, as well as meat and fish broths.

There are several options for diets for patients with diabetes, but at home you can use one (diet 9), which can be easily adapted to the treatment of any patient, excluding or adding certain dishes or products.

The food of a patient with diabetes should be rich in vitamins, so it is useful to introduce vitamin carriers into the diet: baker's yeast, brewer's yeast, rosehip decoction, dietary supplements, dietary supplements.

It is prohibited to eat: confectionery, baked goods, jam, sweets, chocolate, honey, ice cream and other sweets, hot, salty, spicy, smoked snacks and dishes, pork and lamb fat, alcoholic beverages, bananas, grapes, raisins. Sugar is allowed only in small quantities with a doctor's permission.

The bread is mostly black.
Soups are mainly based on vegetable broth. In a weak meat or fish broth with vegetables 1-2 times a week.
Dishes from meat, poultry, fish. Beef, veal, chicken, boiled and jellied turkey, boiled low-fat fish.
Vegetable dishes and side dishes. White cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini. Potatoes, beets, carrots (no more than 200g per day). We recommend 900–1000 g of raw, boiled and baked vegetables per day.
Fruits and berries, sweet dishes and sweets. Sour and sweet and sour varieties of fruits and berries (Antonov apples, lemons, oranges, red currants, cranberries, etc.) up to 200g per day in raw form, in the form of compotes with xylitol, sorbitol.
Dishes and side dishes from cereals. In limited quantities.
Eggs and dishes made from them. Whole eggs (no more than 2 pieces per day) soft-boiled, in the form of omelettes, and also for adding to other dishes.
Dairy products. Milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese in its natural form or in the form of cheesecakes and puddings, cheese, sour cream, cream in limited quantities.
Beverages. Tea, tea with milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices (preferably freshly prepared) from sour varieties of berries and fruits, especially blueberries, cherries, cranberries, lingonberries, strawberries, strawberries, sea buckthorn, blackberries, stone fruits, citrus fruits, pumpkin , black currants, red currants, raspberries, gooseberries.
Fats. Butter, vegetable oil - only 40g (in free form and for cooking).

Prohibited: foods rich in easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, honey, jam, confectionery, etc.), incl. sweet fruits and berries (grapes, raisins, melons, watermelons, pears, apricots, etc.), alcoholic drinks

Nutrition for type 1 diabetes

Having a number of common goals (elimination of symptoms of high blood sugar, minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia, prevention of complications), the treatment paths for insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are significantly different.

The main treatment method for type 2 diabetes is normalization of body weight through a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity.

In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the occurrence of which is associated with the death of beta cells of the pancreas and insulin deficiency, the main method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy, and dietary restrictions, according to modern views, are auxiliary in nature and should be given only to the extent that how their insulin therapy differs from insulin production in a healthy person.

Improvements in insulin therapy regimens and self-monitoring of metabolism based on blood sugar levels give patients with T1DM the opportunity to regulate food intake only depending on the feeling of hunger and satiety, like healthy people. But the injected insulin “does not know” when and how much you eat. Therefore, you yourself must ensure that the action of insulin corresponds to your diet. Therefore, you need to know which foods increase your blood sugar.

Food products consist of three components: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. They all contain calories, but not all increase blood sugar. Fats and proteins do not have a sugar-raising effect. It follows from this that a patient with T1DM can consume proteins and fats (meat, fish, poultry, seafood, eggs, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, etc.) in the same quantities as a healthy person, depending on their appetite, habits, etc. d., subject to normal body weight. Only carbohydrates have a real sugar-raising effect.

Attention!

But this does not mean that they should be limited. This means that carbohydrates must be taken into account in order to correctly calculate the dose of short-acting insulin. What foods contain carbohydrates? It's easy to remember: all plant products, and only liquid dairy products from animals. At the same time, there are types of carbohydrate foods after which blood sugar either does not rise at all or rises only slightly. These include almost all types of vegetables consumed in normal quantities.

Products that increase blood sugar and require counting are divided into 4 groups:

Cereals (cereals) – bread and bakery products, pasta, cereals, corn.
Fruits.
Potato.
Milk and liquid dairy products.
Products containing pure sugar are so-called easily digestible carbohydrates.

To eat a varied diet, you need to learn to replace some foods containing carbohydrates with others, but so that your blood sugar fluctuates slightly. This replacement is easy to do using the bread unit system (XE). One XE is equal to the amount of product containing 10-12 grams of carbohydrates, for example one piece of bread. Although the unit is called “bread”, it is possible to express in them not only the amount of bread, but also any other carbohydrate-containing products. For example, 1 XE contains one medium-sized orange, or one glass of milk, or 2 heaping tablespoons of porridge.

The convenience of the XE system lies in the fact that the patient does not need to weigh food on scales, but rather estimate this quantity visually - using easy-to-understand volumes (piece, glass, piece, spoon, etc.). XE tables can be obtained from sick schools or found in specialized literature. Knowing how much XE you are going to eat per meal by measuring your blood sugar before meals, you can administer the appropriate dose of short-acting insulin, and then check your blood sugar after meals.

Among diabetic patients, there are misconceptions about the effect of certain foods on blood sugar. Thus, very often patients believe that they can only eat black bread. As you can find out from reference books, there are no significant differences in the carbohydrate content of white and black bread. The same goes for buckwheat porridge, a product that for decades was somehow considered medicinal for diabetics. In fact, in terms of carbohydrate content, buckwheat porridge does not differ significantly from other cereals.

A well-trained patient with T1DM, who often (several times a day) measures blood sugar and correctly changes the dose of insulin, is allowed to consume even sweets in a reasonable amount, counting them in XE.

What dietary restrictions exist for patients with T1DM?

It is not recommended to eat more than 7-8 XE for each meal.
Sweets in liquid form (lemonade, tea with sugar, fruit juices) are prohibited for patients, since the rise in sugar after them is especially rapid. But this problem is easily solved by using sweeteners.

Cooking and types of culinary processing for diabetes can be anything. Recommendations: steam, avoid fried, spicy, etc. should be given only to those patients who, in addition to diabetes, have diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Such free feeding can only be carried out by a trained patient who conducts frequent self-monitoring and is on multiple insulin injections. Appropriate training can be obtained at special schools for diabetics.

Source: http://nrma.ru

Diet for diabetes: nutrition as medicine

There are many medications that lower blood sugar, but, nevertheless, diet 9 is not the least important in treatment. The main principle of therapeutic nutrition for diabetes is carefully selected products.

A diet for diabetes allows you to control blood sugar levels, avoiding health-threatening situations.

Therapeutic nutrition for diabetes

Diabetes mellitus has two types of disease: the first type is called insulin-dependent, and the second type is called non-insulin-dependent. Any form of the disease requires a strictly selected diet for diabetes mellitus, which can normalize the metabolic process in the body. Doctors believe that nutritional therapy can be a preventive measure for diabetes. And for those who already suffer from the disease, minimize the use of medications.

Therapeutic nutrition for diabetes (often called “diet 9”), as a rule, is prescribed by the attending physician and takes into account all the features of the disease, such as the type and severity of diabetes. And the diet for diabetes is compiled individually.

Of course, the diagnosis of “Diabetes” itself does not mean that from now on the menu will consist of dull and monotonous food, because in fact, nutrition for diabetes can include interesting and delicious dishes. The main thing is to follow some principles, for example, you need to remove fried, spicy, salty and smoked foods from your diet. Forget about canned food, mustard and alcoholic drinks.

It will probably not be a discovery for anyone that nutrition for diabetes reduces sugar consumption to a minimum. In severe forms of diabetes, it is recommended to completely exclude sugar from the diet. But with mild or moderate diabetes, a small amount of sugar-containing foods is allowed, but subject to constant monitoring of glucose levels in the body.

Recent studies have shown that increased fat content has a major influence on the progression of diabetes. Therefore, a diet for diabetes should control and limit the intake of fatty foods, no less strictly than the consumption of various sweets.

Meals for diabetes should be fractional. You need to eat 5 times a day. It is this diet that allows you to influence the level of insulin and glucose in the blood. The main meals, this is breakfast - lunch - dinner, should be approximately equal in the number of calories and carbohydrates.

Diet for type 1 diabetes

The basis for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, the insulin-dependent type, is well-chosen insulin therapy. The main goal of the doctor is to select the right combination of necessary pharmaceuticals and therapeutic diet for diabetes.

This is necessary to minimize fluctuations in blood glucose and the risk of possible complications. However, diet in type 1 diabetes plays far from a minor role. It should only be drawn up by a doctor, because this type of diabetes is the most dangerous, and treatment mainly comes down to medication - insulin injection.

For an extremely accurate calculation of the dose of insulin and the amount of food eaten, a special system of “Bread Units” (XE) has been developed. According to this system, one XE is equal to 10-12 grams of carbohydrates. To give you an idea, one XE is equivalent to one slice of bread or one medium orange. In general, there are tables for calculating XE for food products.

Thus, the diet for type 1 diabetes basically comes down to correctly calculating the content of bread units or carbohydrates in foods. In other words, the diet for this type of diabetes mellitus, for a person with a normal weight and correct insulin therapy, is not about what to eat, but in what quantity.

The diet for type 1 diabetes prescribes several important rules with which a person with diabetes can eat normally and be almost no different from an ordinary healthy person. Firstly, a single meal should not exceed more than 7-8 bread units, if counted in carbohydrates, then this is 70-90 grams per meal.

Every time before a meal, you need to calculate the dose of insulin and the number of bread units. And secondly, the diet for diabetes, namely the diet for type 1 diabetes, categorically excludes sweet drinks, such as tea with sugar, lemonades, soda and sweet juices.

Diet for type 2 diabetes

The main cause of type 2 diabetes is obesity and overeating. When treating this type of diabetes, known as the non-insulin-dependent type, the main goal is to stabilize carbohydrate metabolism. Diet for type 2 diabetes and daily exercise help increase cell sensitivity to insulin.

A diet for type 2 diabetes for an overweight person, and as a rule, patients with this type of diabetes are overweight, is compiled by an endocrinologist on an individual basis. When drawing up a diet, a person’s age, gender and physical activity are taken into account.

The diet for type 2 diabetes is aimed at weight loss. The required daily amount of calories is calculated for each patient. There are 20 calories per kilogram of body weight for women and 25 calories for men. For example, for a woman weighing 70 kilograms, the daily calorie requirement will be 1400.

A person diagnosed with diabetes follows a diet constantly. Therefore, it needs to be structured so that the diet is tasty and varied. At the same time, it is necessary to limit the consumption of high-calorie foods and foods that increase blood glucose. A diet for diabetes should include foods high in plant fiber and water.

Diet "Table No. 9"

The “Table No. 9” diet (aka “Diet 9”) for diabetes is intended for people with mild to moderate diabetes. Dietitians offer a special nutrition system, which is basic for all patients with diabetes.

Diet 9 helps determine the maximum allowed amount of carbohydrates that will be optimal for each person with diabetes. In case of type 2 diabetes, it can be used on a regular daily basis for a long time

Diet 9 is a low energy diet. According to the principle of the diet, normal protein intake, fat limitation and significant carbohydrate limitation are recommended. Sugar, salt and cholesterol are excluded from the diet.

Allowed and prohibited foods

This is perhaps the first and most pressing question for all diabetics. Allowed and prohibited foods for diabetes given in this article are advisory in nature only. It is important to understand that only a doctor can determine a complete and more accurate list.

Food – “green” leaf:

Mushroom and vegetable soups, beetroot soup, okroshka, low-fat fish broths.
Lean beef, veal, rabbit meat, chicken.
Rye and wheat bread, bread with bran, wheat bread made from second grade flour.
Low-fat fish varieties can be boiled or baked. Fried is allowed in rare cases. Canned food only if the fish is in its own juice.
Low-fat cheese, skim milk, fermented milk products, yogurt.
Eggs up to 2 per week, and only the white part. Yolks – limit.
Millet, barley, buckwheat, oatmeal and pearl barley
Lettuce leaves, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage and eggplant. Vegetables can be consumed boiled and baked. If possible, raw would be preferable. Potatoes within the carbohydrate limit per day.
Fruits and berries, but not sweet varieties, such as apples, grapefruit. Jelly, compotes, sweets with sorbitol or saccharin.
Tea, juices and vegetable, fruit or berry (from sour varieties) decoctions.

Food products – “red” stop list:

Fatty meat broths.
Fatty meats - pork, duck, lamb. goose, various smoked meats and sausages, lard.
Pies, buns and cookies. Completely exclude products made from butter and puff pastry.
Fatty fish, any salted and smoked fish, canned fish in oil, caviar.
All types of salty cheeses, cottage cheese and sweet curds, cream of any fat content, butter.
White rice, semolina and pasta.
Salted and pickled vegetables, peas, beans.
Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, sugar, jam, sweets.
Grape, peach, and other juices with a high glucose content, sugar-filled lemonades, carbonated drinks.

Source: http://www.woman.ru

Diet No. 9

Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that requires not only drug therapy, but also dietary changes. However, this is not a reason to stop enjoying delicious food or even go on a hunger strike.

A properly selected diet will help avoid worsening the condition of type 1 diabetes and achieve improved health if type 2 diabetes is diagnosed.

The main task of nutrition for diabetes of any type is to control carbohydrate metabolism and not allow a sudden release of large amounts of glucose into the blood.

To do this you need:

Avoid foods with a high glycemic index, which cause a sharp spike in blood sugar. This does not mean that all carbohydrates should be excluded from the diet - some of them, the so-called slow ones, on the contrary, allow a diabetic to maintain such an important stable blood sugar level.
Choose sweets that contain sugar substitutes approved for diabetics - sorbitol, xylitol, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, etc. Your doctor will recommend the products that are right for you. People with diabetes are not recommended to eat foods that contain a lot of sugar: sweets, chocolate, ice cream, honey, dried fruits.
Switch to fractional meals. If you divide your daily diet into several small portions, equal in the amount of carbohydrates and calories, you can avoid the feeling of hunger, which usually leads to overeating and eating prohibited foods.
Eat a varied, low-calorie diet. Its energy value should be 2300–2500 kcal - due to the exclusion of sugar-containing and fatty foods.

Especially for those who suffer from diabetes, several decades ago they developed a special nutrition system known as Diet No. 9, which, after consultation with a doctor, can easily be adapted for eating at home.

This nutritional system is quite suitable not only for a diabetic patient, but also for his loved ones who want to make their lifestyle healthier.

Can	It is forbidden
Rye, wheat, protein-bran bread, non-food flour products, special “diabetic” bread	Pastry and sweet flour products
Vegetable soups, cabbage soup, borscht, okroshka, weak low-fat meat and fish broths with vegetables	Strong, fatty broths, milk soups with semolina, rice, noodles
Lean meat and poultry, boiled, stewed or steamed rabbit	Fatty meat, geese, ducks, smoked meat and sausages, canned food, offal
Low-fat fish - boiled, baked. Canned fish in tomato or own juice	Fatty and salted fish, canned food in oil, caviar
Milk, kefir, yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat and unsalted cheese	Sweet cheeses and yoghurts, cream, full-fat sour cream
Buckwheat, millet, pearl barley oatmeal. Legumes: beans, lentils	Rice, semolina, pasta
Vegetables containing few carbohydrates: cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce	Salted and pickled vegetables
Any sweet and sour fruits and berries	Grapes, raisins, bananas, dates, figs

In addition, you will have to completely stop drinking alcohol. Some drinks - liqueurs, fortified wines and liqueurs - contain sugar, which is dangerous for diabetes. In addition, some time after consumption, any alcohol blocks the flow of glucose from the liver and sharply reduces its level in the blood, which is dangerous for patients with diabetes.

The diet for diabetes is quite simple and varied. The main thing is to monitor the amount of simple carbohydrates in foods, avoid fatty foods, and do not overeat or starve. And be sure to consult a doctor - after all, only a specialist can timely and correctly adjust medical nutrition.

Source: http://www.takzdorovo.ru

Diabetics, eat right

Nutrition for diabetes is of particular importance, and adherence to the diet must be strict so as not to provoke an exacerbation of the disease. And with a mild course of the disease, diet plays a major role.

Diets for diabetes mellitus are used to help normalize carbohydrate metabolism and prevent lipid metabolism disorders. Such diets are low in calories and high in biologically active food components: vitamins, minerals, fiber, etc.

Attention!

In diets for diabetes, refined sugar and sweets are completely excluded. Using various sugar substitutes to prepare sweet dishes and drinks is no less harmful than refined sugar.

Proteins in the diet of a diabetic patient correspond to the usual norm or even slightly higher: proteins should be 70-80 g, and 55% of them are animal proteins: cottage cheese, lean fish and meat. Fats are prescribed within the physiological norm: 70 g per day, of which at least 50% are unrefined vegetable oils.

It is imperative to limit foods rich in cholesterol - refractory fats, kidneys, egg yolk. If you have diabetes, you should reduce your salt intake to 12 grams, and it is recommended to consume at least 1.5 liters of free liquid per day.

They increase the content of vitamins in the diet, as well as dietary fiber, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grain (unrefined) grains, and bread made from unrefined wholemeal flour. Moreover, such products should be included in every meal, because dietary fiber slows down the absorption of glucose from the intestines, which prevents a rapid and significant increase in blood glucose levels. In addition, complex carbohydrates (fiber) are the main “food” for the beneficial intestinal microflora, on the “well-being” of which, in turn, almost all functions of the body depend.

Fresh, unsweetened fruits and vegetables play an important role in a diabetic’s diet, but it is preferable to consume them in the form of juices with pulp, pureed fruits and vegetables, or eat them in their natural form. It is better to exclude “juices” sold in packages with long shelf life from the diet, because they contain a lot of chemicals that have a depressing effect on the intestinal microflora.

For diabetics, boiled and baked foods are recommended, and fried or stewed foods without spicy seasonings are allowed 1-2 times a week. Meals should be regular, 5-6 times a day, with carbohydrates evenly distributed throughout meals, since in diabetes, small portions of carbohydrates are better absorbed and are not accompanied by a sharp increase in blood glucose levels.

Rye or wheat bread made from unrefined wholemeal flour. This bread contains a lot of fiber, vitamins and minerals. In developed Western countries, whole grain bread has long been offered as the most effective and safe means of preventing and treating diabetes mellitus (as well as obesity, heart and vascular diseases, cancer and other diseases associated with metabolic disorders).
Vegetable soups, cabbage soup, borscht, beetroot soup, okroshka, weak low-fat meat, fish and mushroom broths with vegetables and permitted cereals, potatoes and meatballs.
Lean beef, veal, trimmed and meat pork, lamb, rabbit, chicken, turkey, boiled, stewed and fried after boiling. Sausages and sausages are only dietary. Liver – in limited quantities.
Low-fat and moderately fatty varieties of fish, boiled, baked, and sometimes fried.
Milk and fermented milk drinks, semi-fat and low-fat cottage cheese and dishes made from it, unsalted, low-fat cheese, but sour cream in limited quantities.
Eggs are allowed - 1-2 per day, soft-boiled, hard-boiled, in the form of white omelettes, but yolks are limited.
Porridges made from unrefined grains (especially buckwheat and barley) and all types of legumes are healthy. Limit white rice, refined semolina and pasta made from premium flour. Brown or unpolished brown rice is healthy. It is also better to eat pasta made from whole grain coarse flour.
From fats, unsalted butter and ghee, vegetable oils (unrefined) are recommended for dishes.
Vegetables with a low content of easily digestible carbohydrates are preferred in the diet: white cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, spinach, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplant, sweet peppers, turnips, radishes, cauliflower, carrots, beets. Potatoes and green peas are consumed with limitation. Vegetables are consumed raw, boiled, baked, stewed, and less often fried.
Fresh fruits and berries of sweet and sour varieties in any form. Jelly, mousses, compotes, jelly on a natural basis. Honey can be added to the diet to a limited extent.
Tea, weak coffee with milk, juices from vegetables, unsweetened fruits and berries, rosehip decoction.

In case of diabetes, products made from butter and puff pastry, cakes and pastries, sugar, sweets and jam, ice cream, as well as grape and other sweet juices and sweet drinks are excluded from the diet.

In addition, strong fatty broths, milk soups with semolina, white rice and noodles made from high-grade flour, fatty meats, duck, goose, smoked meats, smoked sausages, canned food, fatty fish, salted fish and caviar, salted cheeses, sweet curd cheeses, cream, salted and pickled vegetables, meat and cooking fats.

Almost all surrogates and semi-finished products, due to the high content of chemical “improvers” in their composition, should be excluded from the diet of a patient with diabetes!

Source: http://zdorovoepitanie.info

Diet No. 9 - about it again

This diet is used in the treatment of diseases such as mild to moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus, joint diseases, and a large group of allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, etc.).

The purpose of diet No. 9 is to create conditions conducive to the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, determining the patient’s tolerance to carbohydrates.

General characteristics of diet No. 9

A diet with energy value, moderately reduced due to easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fats, with the exclusion of sugar and sweets and the use of xylitol and sorbitol. With physiological norms of vitamins and minerals. Avoid sugar, jam, confectionery and other foods containing a lot of sugar.
Sugar is replaced with sweeteners: xylitol, sorbitol, aspartame.
Culinary processing is varied: boiling, stewing, baking and frying without breading.
Eating 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition and energy value of diet No. 9

Proteins 100 g, fats 70-80 g (of which 25 g are vegetable), carbohydrates 300 g mainly due to complex ones, simple carbohydrates are excluded or sharply limited; calorie content 2300 kcal; retinol 0.3 mg, carotene 12 mg, thiamine 1.5 mg, riboflavin 2.1 mg, nicotinic acid 18 mg, ascorbic acid 100 mg; sodium 3.7 g, potassium 4 g, calcium 0.8 g, phosphorus 1.3 g, iron 15 mg. Free liquid 1.5 l.

Bread and bread products - mainly from whole grains or with the addition of bran; diabetic varieties of bread: protein-bran, protein-wheat.
Soups - mostly vegetarian or with bone broth made from prefabricated vegetables, borscht, rassolniki, okroshka, bean broth (once or twice a week with meat or fish broth).
Meat and poultry dishes - lean varieties of meat and poultry - beef, lamb, pork, chicken, turkey, rabbit in boiled, jellied, baked form (fried once a week is allowed). Goose, duck, internal organs of animals, and brains are not recommended.
Sausages – with low fat content.
Fish dishes - a variety of sea and river fish - cod, navaga, ice cod, pike perch, pike, mainly boiled, jellied, baked.
Vegetables, greens - cauliflower and white cabbage, leafy lettuce, eggplant, zucchini, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes, green peas, beans, beans, lentils, bell peppers, onions, beets, carrots, parsley, dill, celery, extragonum, cilantro. Potatoes are limited.
Dishes from berries and fruits - unsweetened varieties of berries and fruits: apples, pears, quinces, oranges, lemons, grapefruit, pomegranate, cherries, plums, peaches, currants, lingonberries, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, rowan in raw, dried form, in in the form of compotes, jellies, jelly without added sugar, using sweeteners. Bananas and figs are not recommended; grapes and raisins are limited.
Dishes from cereals, pasta - oatmeal, buckwheat, rolled oats, millet, dietary pasta with the inclusion of bran, in the form of a variety of porridges, casseroles, taking into account the total amount of carbohydrates in the diet.
Egg dishes - one egg per day, soft-boiled or in the form of an omelet, scrambled eggs, for adding to dishes.
Dairy products - mostly low-fat or low-fat - fresh cottage cheese or in the form of cheesecakes, puddings, cottage cheese (without added sugar), kefir, yogurt, milk, cheese, cream, low-fat butter.
Confectionery products – only dietary ones with sweeteners (biscuits, cookies, xylitol waffles, marmalade, sweets with sweeteners).
Fats – butter (peasant butter), sandwich margarine, sunflower, corn, olive oil in its natural form.
Drinks – tea, tea with milk, coffee drink, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices without sugar, rosehip decoction, soft drinks without sugar, mineral water.
Appetizers - salads, vinaigrettes, jellied lean fish and meat, soaked herring, cheese, lean sausage, vegetable caviar.

Excluded foods and dishes for diet No. 9:

Sugar, candies, chocolate, confectionery with added sugar, baked goods, pies, jam, ice cream and other sweets.
Products made from butter dough.
Goose, duck, smoked meat, salted fish.
Baked milk, cream, fermented baked milk, sweet yogurt, ayran.
Meat and cooking fats.
Strong and fatty broths.
Dairy cheeses, cream, sweet curd cheeses.
Fatty meats, fish, poultry, sausages, salted fish.
Rice, semolina, pasta.
Salted and pickled vegetables. Pickled and sauerkraut.
Hot, spicy, smoked snacks, mustard, pepper.
Grapes, raisins, figs, bananas and other sweet fruits.
Juices and fruit waters with added sugar.
Alcoholic drinks.

Sample one-day menu diet No. 9:

Breakfast: buckwheat porridge (cereals - 40 g, butter - 10 g), meat (or fish) pate (meat - 60 g, butter - 5 g), tea with milk (milk - 50 g).
11 a.m.: glass of kefir.

Dinner: vegetable soup (vegetable oil - 5 g, soaked potatoes - 50 g, cabbage - 100 g, carrots - 25 g, sour cream - 5 g, tomato - 20 g), boiled meat - 100 g, soaked potatoes - 150 g, butter - 5 g, apple - 200 g.

17:00: yeast drink.

Dinner: carrot zrazy with cottage cheese (carrots - 75 g, cottage cheese - 50 g, semolina - 8 g, rye crackers - 5 g, egg - 1 piece). Boiled fish - 100 g, cabbage - 150 g, vegetable oil - 10 g, tea with xylitol.

For the night: a glass of kefir.

Bread for the day - 250 g (mostly rye).

An approximate set of products per day for patients with diabetes:

Butter 20 g.
Milk 200 ml.
Kefir 200 ml.
Cottage cheese 100 g.
Sour cream 40 g.
Cereal 50 g.
Potatoes 200 g.
Tomatoes 20 g.
Cabbage 600 g.
Carrot 75 g.
Greens 25 g.
Beef 150 g.
Fish 100 g.
White bread 100 g.
Black bread 200 g.

Diet options No. 9

Variants of diet No. 9 have been developed - the trial diet of V. G. Baranov, diet No. 9b and diet No. 9 for patients with bronchial asthma.

Trial diet by V. G. Baranov

Chemical composition and energy value: Proteins – 116 g; carbohydrates – 130, fats – 136 g, energy value – 2170–2208 kcal. Protein/fat/carbohydrate ratio = 1:1.3:1.2.

During the trial diet, fasting blood sugar and 24-hour urine test for sugar are examined at least once every 5 days.

When normalizing carbohydrate metabolism, this diet is treated for 2–3 weeks, after which it is gradually expanded, adding 1 XE every 3–7 days (depending on body weight). Before each new increase, blood and urine are examined for sugar. Having expanded the trial diet by 12 XE, maintain it for 2 months, then add another 4 XE at intervals of 3–7 days. Further expansion of the diet, if necessary, is carried out after 1 year.

Daily set of products:

Meat, fish 250 g.
Cottage cheese 300 g.
Cheese 25 g.
Milk, kefir 500 ml.
Butter and vegetable oil 60 g.
Vegetables (except potatoes and legumes) 800 g.
Fruits (except grapes, bananas, persimmons, figs) 300 g.
Black bread 100 g.

Diet No. 9b

Chemical composition and energy value: The diet is close in chemical composition to the rational table.

Proteins – 100 g, fats – 80–100 g, carbohydrates – 400–450 g, energy value 2700–3100 kcal. The same foods and dishes are allowed on diet No. 9b as on diet No. 9. Various sweeteners are used instead of sugar, but every patient receiving insulin should have sugar with them to relieve possible hypoglycemia.

The main amount of carbohydrates should be given with the first breakfast and lunch. Insulin is prescribed before these meals. When administering insulin before dinner, the meal should be left overnight to prevent possible hypoglycemic reactions.

If there is a threat of developing a diabetic coma, the amount of fat in the diet should be reduced to 30 g, protein to 50 g. The carbohydrate content should not exceed 300 g. At the same time, the dose of administered insulin should be increased.

Diet option No. 9 for patients with bronchial asthma

Chemical composition and energy value: The calorie content of food is calculated in accordance with the physiological norms of the need for sources of energy substances, but with a limitation of sugar and foods and dishes containing it. The average calorie intake for patients with bronchial asthma is 2600-2700 kcal. They should be represented by proteins in the amount of 100-130 g, fats - 85 g, carbohydrates - 300 g. The amount of table salt is 10-11 g. The liquid must be consumed up to 1.5-1.8 liters.

The total daily amount of food should be divided into 4-5 meals.

First courses - any soups and other dishes prepared on the basis of broths from lean meats and poultry must contain a minimum amount of extractive substances.
Second courses are prepared from lean meat, fish and poultry.
Chicken meat and chicken egg white are often food allergens, but if their etiological role in the origin of asthma has not been identified, their use is permitted, but it is necessary to limit their amount in the patient’s diet.
Milk and dairy products are consumed with caution, taking into account that milk protein is an allergen and can be dangerous for people with an allergic predisposition. Goat and mare's milk should also be consumed with caution.
Side dishes for main courses can be prepared from vegetables, but in this case one should be guided by the need to prefer boiling, stewing, and steaming over frying.

Excluded foods and dishes:

You should limit your intake of free carbohydrates - sugar, honey, sweets (ice cream), fried foods and smoked foods.
If possible, limit the consumption of flour products as much as possible - buns, pies, cookies, cakes and similar products and dishes.
Broths based on lamb, fatty pork, soups seasoned with cereals and noodles are excluded.
It is preferable to avoid cooking methods such as frying, eating very spicy, salty foods, using spices and seasonings, hot sauces, and eating canned food (stewed meat, canned fish and similar foods).
If the etiological role of milk as a food allergen is reliably known, it should be excluded from consumption whenever possible (both directly and as part of various dishes).
Often, the consumption of alcoholic beverages (even in small quantities) is a factor that provokes the development of a typical attack of suffocation, so people suffering from bronchial asthma should completely avoid drinking alcoholic beverages, even low-alcohol ones (beer).
Among the snacks, salted fish, pickled mushrooms, vegetables, spicy types of vegetables and other snacks are excluded.
Hot peppers, mustard, and spices are completely excluded from the diet.
As for fruits, the consumption of grapes, citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits, juices, jams and other products made from them), strawberries, raspberries, dates, raisins, and bananas is limited.
Limit the consumption of honey, preserves, marmalade, confiture, chocolate, and cocoa.
Among the drinks, juices from prohibited fruits or berries, cocoa, coffee, and hot chocolate are limited.

Diet recipes to diet No. 9 and diet options No. 9:

Second courses

Steamed veal cutlets

Required: 200 g veal, 20 g bread, 30 g milk, 5 g butter.

Preparation. Rinse the meat, cut into small pieces and pass through a meat grinder. Add the bread soaked in milk and pass the minced meat through the meat grinder again. Pour in the rest of the milk and melted butter, add salt and stir. Make cutlets and place them on the grill lid of the steamer. Place the steamer on the fire and cook the cutlets for at least 15 minutes. Serve cutlets with butter.

Steamed meatballs

Required: 200 g lean beef, 30 g rice, 20 g butter.

Preparation. Pass the meat through a meat grinder, boil the rice in water until tender, then drain and mix with the meat, pass through the meat grinder again, add a little water to the minced meat and add salt. Mix the mixture well and make several balls. Steam the meatballs. When serving, pour in sour cream.

Chicken steamed meatballs

Required: 300 g chicken meat, 20 g stale bread, 20 g milk, 15 g butter.

Preparation. Pass the chicken meat through a meat grinder, add the bread soaked in milk, pass it again and add a little butter, mix well and form into balls. Steam. Serve the meatballs with a vegetable side dish.

Fish baked in the oven

Required: 1 kg of sturgeon or pike perch, 2 tbsp. l. sour cream, 1 tbsp. l. oils, salt, parsley.

Preparation. Place the cleaned fish, skin side down, on a greased baking sheet. Spread sour cream on top, add salt and pour melted butter. Place in the oven and bake for at least 30 minutes. Before serving, cut into pieces and garnish with parsley.

Boiled meat baked in sauce

Required: 150 g lean beef, 70 g milk, 5 g flour, 100 g apples, 1 tbsp. l. butter.

Preparation. Boil the meat and cut into small slices, then prepare a sauce from milk and flour. Peel and core the apples and cut into thin slices. After this, grease the frying pan with oil, place apple slices on the bottom, put meat mixed with apples on the apples. Pour sauce on top and bake.

Diet pudding

Required: 130 g zucchini, 70 g apples, 30 g milk, 1 tbsp. l. butter, 15 g semolina, 1/2 egg, 40 g sour cream.

Preparation. Peel the zucchini, chop and simmer with milk until half cooked. Then add the chopped apples and simmer for another 3-4 minutes, then add the semolina and keep the pan covered on the edge of the stove for 5 minutes, then cool. Add the yolk and separately beaten white, mix the mixture, place in a greased mold and bake. Serve with sour cream.

Potato zrazy “Surprise”

Required: 100 g veal, 250 g potatoes, greens.

Preparation. Boil the meat and pass through a meat grinder. Boil the potatoes, puree and add chopped herbs. Form the prepared potato mixture into circles and put minced meat in the middle. Place in a steam bath and bake.

Lazy dumplings

Required: 100 g cottage cheese, 10 g wheat flour, 20 g sour cream, 10 g sugar, 1 egg.

Preparation. Grind the cottage cheese, mix with the egg and add flour and sugar. Form a roll from this mass and cut into small pieces. Place the dumplings in boiling water and bring to a boil. As soon as the dumplings float to the surface, take them out and serve with sour cream.

Dessert

Berry jelly

Required: 50 g of fresh berries, 15 g of sugar, 6 g of potato starch. Preparation. Grind the berries and strain the juice through cheesecloth. Boil the juices in water, strain and cook jelly from the broth. When the jelly has cooled, pour berry juice into it.