Problem skin Problem skin is often characteristic of adolescence, but also occurs in adulthood. In this case, observation by a dermatologist and correction of her condition with cosmetics are required. The main signs of problem skin are its porosity,

Baltic Academy of Tourism and Entrepreneurship

Faculty of Mass Communications

Course work

Discipline: Theory and practice of mass information

On the topic: Genres of analytical journalism

Performed:

IVK student z\o

Utekhina Z.A.

Supervisor:

Gavrilova U.V.

Saint Petersburg

Introduction

1 Journalistic genres

2 Genres of analytical journalism

2.1 Article

2.2 Correspondence

2.3 Review

2.4 Review, commentary, investigation

4. Examples

4.1 Article propaganda

4.2 Problem article

4.3 Scientific article

4.4 Polemical article

4.5 Correspondence

4.6 Review

4.7 Investigative journalism

Bibliography

Introduction

Analytical journalism is one of the environments of the intellectual and political landscape. And, perhaps, one of the criteria for the integrity of the ideological and political field is the ability of “analysts” to see their place in it.

There are publications specializing in analytical journalism, as well as those in which analytical genres are assigned special sections.

Analytical journalism can be partially present even in tabloid publications. But its main place of residence is still a high-quality publication, no matter on the Internet or on paper. Publications with less rhythm naturally contain more analytics. Daily television news broadcasts can also contain elements of analytics, although to a lesser extent than weekly information and analytical programs, which are a priori designed to analyze events and not simply retell them.

The essence of journalistic activity as one of the means of developing the social process is especially noticeable in the analytical methods of reflecting reality. These methods are the basis of a commentary, an article, certain types of interviews, correspondence, a report, a letter, a review, a review, a review, and a number of other genres.

This paper examines the genres of analytical publications, and also provides examples of articles, correspondence, and investigative journalism, which allows us to understand in more detail the specifics of each genre.

1 Journalistic genres

Under genres in the theory of journalism, stable types of publications are understood, united by similar content and formal characteristics. Signs of this kind are called genre-forming factors. The main factors are the following:

item display

target setting(function) display

method display

Knowledge of genre characteristics allows a journalist to better imagine the goals of his work, purposefully select material and present it in accordance with the requirements of the genre. Knowledge of genre features helps the reader and viewer navigate the world of journalistic works, find materials of interest, and more clearly imagine the information capabilities of various types of publications. Thus, understanding the genre specificity of journalistic works is significant for both the author and the addressee.

In the formation of a set of characteristics of journalistic texts that predetermine their genre, the method of representing reality plays a significant role.

In journalism, there are three main ways of display:

· factual;

· analytical;

· visually figurative.

The first and second methods differ from one another, first of all, in the degree of depth of penetration into the essence of the subject of display.

The first method, factual, is aimed at recording certain external, obvious characteristics of a phenomenon, at obtaining brief information about the subject (what, where and when happened?).

The second method, analytical, aims to penetrate into the essence of phenomena, to clarify the hidden relationships of the subject of display.

The third way to visually display reality is aimed not only and not so much at fixing the external features of a phenomenon or rational insight into the essence of the subject, but at an emotional and artistic generalization of what has been learned. Often this generalization reaches a level called journalistic(or even artistic) typification, which brings journalism closer to fiction.

Based on these methods, three groups of genres are distinguished:

· informational;

· analytical;

· artistic and journalistic

2 Genres of analytical journalism

The media not only report news, but also strive to find the causes of current events, identify their relationships, explain to readers the meaning of current events, and assess the impact of government decisions or statements by politicians on the life of society. Because of this, a fairly extensive system of analytical genres has developed, which are modified over time and replenished with new types.

Analytical genres require not only serious and deep content, but also a greater variety of linguistic means, a higher level of proficiency in the stylistic means of language.

Analytical genres are based on the method of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. Induction, or analysis, is when a problem is considered by breaking it down into parts, from the general to the specific. Deduction, or synthesis, is when parts of a problem are first considered individually, and then in general terms.

Compared to information genres, analytical genres are broader in factual material, larger in thought, and in the study of vital phenomena.

Analytical genres include: article, correspondence, review, review.

2.1 Article

Article- this is a local display of vital phenomena, problems or current situations. Large-scale conclusions are preceded by a description of the actual data and situations considered in their entirety. The facts in the article play an illustrative role; the problem and phenomenon are important in the article. The article makes full use of argumentation, motivation of actions, and uses all types of texts: narration, description and reflection.

An article is a generalization and analysis of facts and phenomena. If in correspondence events are considered from the particular to the general, then in the article everything happens the other way around - from the general to the particular. The article takes facts on a global scale, analyzes them, raising them to scientifically based conclusions.

The article is the main genre of analytical journalism, gives a detailed overview and analysis of current events and situations, relies on a variety of journalistic methods, explains ongoing processes and guides the reader to further, independent reflection. An article may have different genres.

Types of articles:

1. Advanced - it is based on directiveness;

2. Propaganda - an important method in it is propaganda;

3. Scientific and popular science article;

According to V. V. Voroshilov, “A special subtype of article can be considered a journalistic commentary, which allows you to quickly respond to various events, comment on and evaluate them.”

5. The practical and analytical article addresses current everyday problems of industry, agriculture, education, etc. Such articles analyze the state of affairs in a certain industry or at a separate enterprise, the task is to present to the public an analysis of the situation and some constructive proposals.

Describing a problem situation requires assessing it from different angles and searching for a solution to the problem, proposing a program of action. Depending on the preparedness of the readers to whom the newspaper is addressed (specialists in a given industry or a wider circle), the journalist determines the degree of appropriateness of professional vocabulary and the need to clarify details.

6. A polemical article is a speech criticizing the views of political opponents or representatives of another scientific school. Some publications publish polemics quite often (for example, Nezavisimaya Gazeta; in other publications, polemical articles appear during election campaigns).

This genre requires compliance with a number of rules for conducting polemics, both in content and in speech form. The authors of polemical articles are often not journalists, but politicians, economists, scientists, and specialists in various fields of production and technology. Therefore, representatives of various professions need to be prepared to write articles.

The creation of a polemical text should begin with a clear formulation of the main idea. This idea needs to be made clear to the reader.

When writing an article, it is important to prove the arguments and select serious facts. The seriousness of facts lies in the reliability of their sources and the sufficiency of the fact to draw broad conclusions.

It is unacceptable to attribute to the opponent’s words a meaning that they cannot have, or one that the opponent did not want to express at all.

Establishing mutual understanding between the participants in the debate is an important condition for its constructiveness. It is impossible to achieve such mutual understanding without confident knowledge of the norms of the literary language.

2.2 Correspondence

Correspondence- display of a “slice of life”, a genre built on specific material, in which a current topic is developed analytically and a specific problem is solved. In correspondence, unlike an article, the method of deduction - synthesis is used, that is, the problem is solved from the particular to the general. Correspondence analyzes a group of facts. This is done by describing the facts, analyzing them and drawing appropriate conclusions. Examples, efficiency, specificity of the topic, and a clear address are very important here.

Types of correspondence:

1. Informational. It is distinguished by its breadth of material coverage and thorough development of the topic.

2. Analytical correspondence reveals the causes of the described phenomenon. She is critical.

3. Staged correspondence - this type reflects a topical, current situation based on the analysis and synthesis of facts.

4. Correspondence - reflection. Zh-t, together with the reader, analyzes, compares, compares, and evaluates a whole series of facts. If the structure in the article is arbitrary, then in the correspondence it is specific. It has: heading, heading, head lines, beginning, main part and ending. The rubric can be used to determine the nature of the correspondence. The origins of different types of this genre are different: plot, information, problem. The endings also have different characteristics.

2.3 Review

Review- a genre in which an artistic or scientific work, socio-political or technical literature, theatrical productions, films, television programs, art exhibitions, musical concerts and even everyday situations are criticized and evaluated. Review is also defined as criticism of “reflected reality.”

Review (literary, film, theater) - a reasoned critical review, most often about a work of literature or art. A review is the result of end-to-end observation of certain phenomena and processes and their public analysis - sports competitions, politics, election campaign...

The reviewer usually operates with secondary facts. The review also contains factoid material and abstracts. The addressees addressed by the reviewer are the recipient, that is, the reader, listener and viewer, as well as the author of the work being evaluated or criticized. The immediate objectives of the review follow from this - they are educational and aesthetic. A characteristic feature of the review is the reviewer's position - modernity. When reviewing, therefore, retrospective problems can also be solved.

Types of reviews:

1. Literary.

2. Scientific.

3. Theatrical.

4. Movie review, etc.

2.4 Review, commentary, investigation

Review or Review- a genre that introduces the audience to certain events using analytical commentary. Otherwise, the review can be called a “panorama of events.”

Types of views:

1. Internal - about life events within the country.

2. International - about international life; They are distinguished by time: daily, weekly, monthly, annual, also there are: informational, problem.

By topic:

1. Political,

2. Economic,

3. Sports,

4. Agricultural,

5. Cultural, etc.

A special subtype of review is a review of the press and a review of letters.

Over the past decade, analytical genres, along with information genres, have begun to occupy the main niche of journalistic speeches in the information space.

A comment- is called upon not so much to sort out a complex texture, but also to fully publicly express one’s opinion in relation to an event, fact, phenomenon.

Journalistic investigation- a story about the process of finding answers to pressing questions, analyzing scandalous events, crime stories, when a journalist collects and analyzes facts independently from the relevant services and bodies or together with other specialists. A version is a modeling of one’s own judgment regarding an existing course of events or a phenomenon, an assumption based on their detailed study (sometimes supported by extraordinary arguments).

3 Analytical journalism in Russia

One of the most remarkable features of the domestic media is traditionally their focus not so much on reporting news, but on analysis, research, and interpretation of ongoing events, processes, and situations. Because of this, the media have developed a fairly effective system of analytical genres. This system is not something given once and for all - it is constantly evolving, adapting to the tasks that analytical journalism faces. Particularly noticeable changes have occurred in it in recent years: some well-known genres have been “modified”, and in addition, new stable types of analytical publications have appeared.

In the early 80s. There was a noticeable movement of reporting towards analytics. That is, of course, there was also a classic, information-event and educational report. But back in the 30s. an inter-genre form was added to it - the famous reports by A. Koltsov (“Three days in a taxi”, “Seven days in the classroom”), similar to both essays and articles. And half a century later, through the works of G. Bocharov, Yu. Rost, V. Chertkov and others, a special type of reporting emerged - analytical.

In the early 90s. There was a rapid surge of classical educational reporting, while analytical reporting - the beauty and pride of the largest newspapers - seemed to disappear. More precisely, it moved (already externally) into an investigation - correspondence, an investigation - an article. Why did this happen? Time sharply accelerated, events rushed quickly, leaving no opportunity to think deeply about them. Objects were discovered that were not supposed to be noticed before, and reporters rushed into the dark corners of existence - to give the reader excursions to drug dens, palmist salons, human markets, and morgue basements. And the reader himself, tired of problems, became more interested in looking from the outside rather than participating in the hunt for ideas.

In 1992, the rapid growth of broadcasting organizations in Russia began. Analytical journalism has reached a qualitatively new level of development. New information and analytical programs are emerging.

In January 1992, the information and analytical weekly “Itogi” with Evgeny Kiselev appeared on the Ostankino channel, which subsequently began to be broadcast on the NTV channel. In April 1996, two information and analytical programs went on air at once - “Zerkalo” on the RTR channel and “19.59” on the ORT channel. At the same time, the information and analytical weekly “Obozrevatel” appeared on TV-6 channel, and six months later on the ORT channel another analytical program “Time” with host Sergei Dorenko appeared. Thus, for the first time in the practice of our television, previously distinguished by the channels’ loyalty to each other, rivalry became direct and merciless.

A new stage in the development of the state and the media began in 1996 during the presidential campaign. Now the media acted as a tool for fighting elections. The information and analytical programs existing in Russia at that time, which were especially popular and trusted by the viewing audience, began to pursue the same policy, the essence of which can be reduced to one thing - Boris Yeltsin should remain in power. “Itogi” by Evgeny Kiselyov, which before the election campaign was considered on domestic television to be the standard of objectivity and independence, has become even more biased than the openly pro-Yeltsin “Zerkalo”.

4 Examples

4.1 Article propaganda

Scientists have found out how many years a healthy lifestyle adds

http://top.rbc.ru/society/13/01/2008/133544.shtml

In order to live an extra 14 years, you need to give up smoking and heavy drinking, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, and also exercise regularly, British scientists say.

Kai-Ti Kwo from the University of Cambridge, after analyzing observational data, came to the conclusion that supporters of a healthy lifestyle enjoy it on average 14 years longer than the average individual. A group of scientists found that this does not depend on a person’s weight or social status, reports the Associated Press.

The study involved 20 thousand healthy people aged 45 to 79 years. They answered questions from doctors throughout 1993-1997, and also underwent regular clinical studies.

K. Kvo believes that the study proves that improving health does not always require drastic changes. "We didn't ask people to do anything special," Kwo said. “We studied the usual behavior that people have in everyday life,” the scientist added.

"We knew before that we needed to follow these rules, but we didn't think it would have this effect," said Susan Jebb, head of nutrition and health at the British Medical Research Council, which part-funded the study.

Doctors expressed hope that this study will encourage the government to take more active action in promoting a healthy lifestyle. "This study is very important because it shows that avoiding a number of risk factors can add years to life," said Dr Tim Armstrong from the World Health Organization.

Despite the fact that the article contains a large number of facts, and it could be classified as information journalism

4.2 Problem article

IRINA TSAREGORODTSEVA

31.01.2008

The European Union will introduce mandatory food labeling in the coming years. EU Health Commissioner Marcos Caprianu has proposed that special nutritional labeling be applied to all food products. This will make it easier for Europeans to fight the “obesity epidemic,” the authors of this initiative are confident. Europe is now ahead of the curve in its anti-obesity campaigns. Meanwhile, recent studies by American scientists have shown that in the post-Soviet space the number of obese people is in some places greater than in European countries. And we don’t yet have any effective mechanisms to combat unhealthy food in Russia.

In general, the United States is rightfully considered the world leader in the “obesity epidemic.” Every third American is overweight, and the number of people diagnosed with obesity varies, according to various sources, from 34 to 54 million people. Among Europeans, the Greeks are rightfully considered the fattest nation (78% of men and 74% of women are overweight - not obese). But the fewest fat people live in Norway, say American researchers from the University of St. Lewis. There they are only 9% of the total number of Norwegians.

Russia, according to the same study, has every chance of soon catching up with the leaders in the number of people diagnosed with obesity. According to Russian nutritionists, our country is already in the top three obese nations. Moreover, according to the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 60% of women and 50% of men over 30 years of age are overweight.

According to experts, the main blow to the health of the Russian nation in terms of obesity and overweight among the population came precisely in the post-Soviet era, when a flood of foreign products poured onto domestic shelves - completely alien to the bodies of our compatriots. A huge number of fast foods have appeared, snacks (dry snacks - crackers, nuts, etc.), as well as products that contain harmful substances, have become popular.

Moreover, in the West there has been a campaign against such goods for several years now. For example, the famous British chef Jamie Oliver began a real culinary revolution in the country several years ago. On his initiative, school nutrition reform was launched. Vending machines with fast food and snacks disappeared from educational institutions, school canteens were refurbished with the latest technology, a whole campaign was launched to retrain cooks, as well as a culinary education program for children (schoolchildren were taught to understand proper, healthy food).

In our country, harmful products not only continue to be in great demand, they are practically not even banned. Last year, the dye E128, which turned out to be a carcinogen, was officially banned in Europe. European experts have found that this dye is converted in the body into aniline, which has a toxic effect. However, on Russian shelves you can still find products containing toxic E128. These are sausages with a grain and legume content of more than 6% and minced meat products with a grain, legume and vegetable content of more than 4%. Such products are usually sold at lower prices, that is, primarily for those who cannot afford more expensive healthy foods.

In other words, in recent years in Russia a situation has gradually developed where healthier and more nutritious food often costs more than unhealthy food. For example, a kilogram of tomatoes can be bought on average for 100–120 rubles. And one hamburger from a fast food restaurant costs only 30. A snack of Snickers for 20 rubles is both faster and cheaper than preparing a normal lunch. Not to mention the absolutely astronomical prices for products for diabetics and those on a diet. “Fast foods from a nutritional point of view are simply terrible. Unhealthy, junk food today is one of the main reasons for the obesity of our compatriots,” the health center of Dr. Makeev told RBC daily.

“People are often deprived of the opportunity to eat a balanced and nutritious diet. For example, the price of meat, vegetables, and fruits has increased significantly. The low level of literacy of the population in matters of healthy nutrition also plays a role. Most people have a vague idea of ​​how their body works and what it needs. A striking example of this is the New Year holidays. Instead of actively spending time in the fresh air, people have feasts with copious amounts of food and drinking,” notes one of the Moscow nutritionists in an interview with RBC daily.

As a result, problems with weight and quality of nutrition hit hard on the health of the Russian nation. “Obesity and overweight are associated with a whole bunch of diseases. This is especially true for hypertension. Excess weight has a very negative effect on expectant mothers or pregnant women. Obesity in general is one of the main causes of infertility. Not to mention the psychological effect – complexes, uncertainty, poor health,” noted Ekaterina Belova, chief physician at Dr. Ionova’s clinic, in an interview with RBC daily.

The fight against obesity and overweight is an important element in solving the demographic crisis in our country, experts believe. However, very, very little is being done in this area today. There is practically no promotion of a healthy lifestyle and nutrition. Children's and youth sports clubs periodically complain that they are closed in order to build entertainment centers or shopping areas in their place. Promotional posters encouraging people to exercise and eat only healthy foods have been replaced by advertisements for medicines and medical centers. Vending machines have appeared in school corridors that dispense chocolates and sparkling water for money. The same assortment has become established in ordinary canteens.

Market mechanisms are also ineffective in the fight against obesity in Russia. One only has to look at how prices for basic food products have risen in recent months (prices for some food categories have risen by more than 200%). Prices in fast food and fast food restaurants are also rising, but the price difference between healthy and unhealthy food still remains significant. Not to mention the fact that our country lags noticeably behind Europe in terms of regulating the flow of harmful products.

In addition, it is high time to understand that the problem with obesity and excess weight should not be perceived as aesthetic (since in this case, an increasing number of Russians will go under the knife of a plastic surgeon even when there is no apparent need for this). Excess weight is primarily dangerous for human health, and therefore for the future of the nation.

The article belongs to the analytical genre of journalism. It raises the problem of a healthy lifestyle and nutritional culture in our country; the author has deeply studied the problem and collected quite a lot of material on the topic.

4.3 Scientific article

Genesis: results are in yet!

P.Sharov. "Cosmonautics News"

12th of April Los Alamos National Laboratory specialists in a special Class 10 “clean” room at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) removed four segments from the ion concentrator of the American interplanetary station Genesis. Thus, scientists are one step closer to solving one of the priority tasks of its mission - a detailed scientific study of the isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen (mainly 16O, 17O and 18O) from the solar wind, which are “enclosed” in the material of these segments. Based on the results obtained, it will be possible to judge the composition of the Sun, and therefore get closer to the solution to the structure and evolution of our Solar system.

Six months have passed... At the annual 36th Lunar-Planetary Science Conference, held from March 14 to 18 in League City, Texas, the Genesis project scientific team, led by its leader Don Burnett, presented preliminary results of a study of fragments of the Genesis return capsule .

Before talking directly about the results, let us briefly recall the composition of the Genesis scientific equipment. One of the traps was an ion concentrator with a diameter of 6 cm, consisting of four segments: amorphous diamond-like carbon, a 13C diamond and two silicon carbide. There were also five collector plates: one (fixed) was built into the lid of the scientific container, and the rest (deployed using special mechanisms) were located inside it. Each of the plates contained 54 hexagonal traps with a diameter of 10.2 cm (the fixed plate has 55) and 6 more “halves”. In total, the five collector plates contained 271 whole traps and 30 half traps. They were made from nine different materials (see Table 1): pure FZ and CZ silicon, germanium, sapphire, artificial diamond on silicon, silicon on sapphire, aluminum on sapphire, gold on sapphire, and multilayer carbon-cobalt-gold. on sapphire. Finally, the payload (LP) included traps made of metal glass (an alloy of zirconium, copper, niobium, nickel and aluminum - from which the collector plate located on the inner surface of the cap was made), gold-plated foil, polished aluminum and platinum foil coated with a layer of molybdenum (The text is not shown in full)

The article is clearly scientific in nature, truly understandable and interesting for specialists and people knowledgeable in astronautics. Belongs to the analytical genre of journalism, because it analyzes the results of the capsule study.

4.4 Polemical article

Olga Moskaluk, “ForUm”

BYuT is outraged by Yushchenko’s perfidy and hints at impeachment

At a briefing in the Verkhovna Rada, the leader of the BYuT faction, Ivan Kirilenko, read out an official statement of his political force regarding today's events in parliament. A ForUm correspondent reports this.

“Today, on the direct and obvious orders of President Viktor Yushchenko, the anti-crisis draft laws were failed. These laws were agreed upon with world financial organizations and were supposed to provide the necessary assistance to the Ukrainian state to combat the global financial crisis, but Viktor Yushchenko gave a direct instruction to some of the deputies whom he personally controls not to vote for this package. We are extremely outraged by such actions of the President and his cynical and cruel attitude towards his own country. On the one hand, he assures European leaders that he is a sincere Ukrainian and the father of the nation who is fighting the crisis, and on the other hand, he secretly and insidiously gives instructions on the failure of a vital vote for the country. Such a position is not worthy of the Head of State and an honest person. It was today’s vote that revealed the real face of President Yushchenko, his true essence, position and worldview: “Let the country collapse after my rating,” said the leader of the BYuT faction.

According to him, the President took an anti-state and anti-people position. “The worse, the better. This is the only commandment he adheres to. We are very surprised that a person who, by the will of history, headed the state, has so much dislike for his own country,” Kirilenko emphasized.

The people's deputy noted that if parliament had not set the date for the presidential elections on October 25, 2009, the BYuT faction would have voted today to begin the impeachment procedure for Yushchenko.

“The BYuT faction demands that the government and the Prime Minister immediately make a decision on creating the necessary regulatory conditions for financial support to come to Ukraine,” said the leader of the BYuT faction.

Kirilenko also assured that BYuT “no longer asks the President to cement parliamentary forces, nor to support anti-crisis laws, nor to consolidate the political elite, but appeals to Yushchenko with a request to never again speak “lofty words” about the interests of the nation.

As ForUm reported, today the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine did not include bills that relate to cooperation with the International Monetary Fund on the parliamentary agenda. In particular, the following bills were not included for consideration: “On amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2009” and some other laws of Ukraine” (regarding urgent measures to ensure the energy security of Ukraine); “On amendments to some laws of Ukraine on pension provision” and “On amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On compulsory state pension insurance” (regarding the recalculation of pensions for working pensioners).

The BYuT and Lytvyn Bloc factions voted in full for inclusion of these bills on the agenda, but the NU-NS faction voted only partially. The factions of the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine did not support the inclusion of these bills on the agenda.

The article boldly criticizes the policies and decisions of Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko by his opponents. Serious topics are raised and indisputable facts are presented, the main idea and position of the author is clear and understandable to the reader. The facts in the article are not just presented, but also analyzed.

4.5 Correspondence

Beware, scammers: how MTS is fighting the crisis

*According to the stories of a famous Russian blogger

I have been a subscriber of the MTS mobile operator since 1998 (!), my whole family is also connected to MTS. But even after the 1998 crisis, there were no such divorces. So, what is this scam and how does it work today?

You receive (or more often do not receive) an SMS stating that you are supposedly getting a free service as a gift. What kind of service? A stupid melody instead of the usual long beeps - now everyone who calls you hears it until you answer the call. This SMS may simply not arrive, or your phone does not support Cyrillic, or you do not understand these subtleties (like my mother), or you do not have the habit of reading SMS (like my father), or your eyes do not distinguish the text in plentiful (like y my grandmother). In short, you did not react in any way (and you should never react to such SMS - very often they are sent by scammers asking you to send something to your short number - a paid one). So, 14 days have passed, and - congratulations! - the “service” given to you is automatically paid for! From now on, every month MTS begins to quietly charge you 50 rubles for this idiotic melody that you yourself never hear (you don’t call yourself). Nowhere - even on the MTS website - you will not be able to find any information that the self-connecting “free service “GOOD’OK bonus” does not fall off on its own after 14 days, but sticks and begins to quietly charge you 50 rubles a month. What’s curious: this service is activated at random - who gets their turn when. So MTS decided to improve its affairs after the crisis at our expense. To be honest, I thought that such open fraud was possible only in the gangster 90s or among small regional operators famous for lawlessness.

I just talked with the MTC customer service, had a long discussion with nice answers from the operator, found out the essence and issued a refund. Don't think about it, no harshness, no breaks, everything is orderly. Let me emphasize: there are not the slightest complaints against the girl, she behaved politely and correctly, all complaints are against the founders of the “action”.

What should I do?

1. If you are an MTS subscriber - regardless of whether you received SMS or not, call the subscriber service at 0890 (open your passport, you will need to provide data) and officially demand:

a) disable you from automatic subscription to any advertising services in the future. In general and forever - they have such a checkmark in the admin;

b) let them name all the paid services that you have connected to - perhaps you will learn a lot of new and unexpected things about yourself;

c) if the “GOOD’OK Bonus” service is activated, let it be turned off immediately and never turned on again;

d) if 14 days have passed since the “GOOD’OK bonus” was activated and it has become paid, request information about how much money has been withdrawn from you. Be indignant. Ask to apply for a refund - they are obliged to do this and never argue.

2. If you are a subscriber of MTS or any other operator (this happened to my wife at Beeline last week) and you received some kind of SMS with information about some service or something in general and was asked to do something ( something like “to disable the service, send code 123 to short number 1234”):

a) do not send any SMS to any short numbers! You are not obliged to type any SMS to anyone! This may turn out to be (and it turned out to be for my wife) completely unrelated scammers who have registered a paid number and are trying to trick you into sending a very paid SMS. Therefore, in any case, do as we did;

b) call your operator (MTS number 0890, Beeline, Megafon, etc. - find it on their website) and ask to comment on this SMS. If they confirm the information, demand that they do this disconnection themselves without your SMS. If they don’t know anything about such a promotion, dictate to them the received text and the short number to which the scammers asked to write; Please transfer this information to the security service for investigation, they are obliged to carry it out.

3. And finally, the last thing. If you called someone (especially an MTS subscriber), but instead of long beeps you heard some idiotic melodies, tell this person to call his operator and find out if they are taking money from him for this on the quiet rya.

4.6 Review

Matilda Sukonkina

New house under the Baltic wing

It is still difficult to determine the genre of the young St. Petersburg theater Morph, since there is no one to compare it with. Body language, puppet characters and masks are subtly intertwined here, and sound and light play as important roles as the actors. Spectators who have seen their performances on the stages of the Music Hall and the Bolshoi Puppet Theater will certainly agree. And in April the team plans to win over the audience at the Baltic House theater festival.

– For the first time we played on this stage on March 26 the play “The Teachings of Don Juan.” And despite some problems with the sound, the audience accepted it,” says the theater director, a recent graduate of the Theater Academy, Sergei Khomchenkov. It was not without reason that he, the director of the troupe, exchanged the stage of the Music Hall for a hall that was half the size. – The quality of presentation played a role: less is better. And it seems to me that among the fans of the “Baltic House” we are more likely to find our audience. A scene where there is a place for Nyakrosius also implies an audience ready for know-how. But we haven’t left the Music Hall yet. At the end of March we will show “Cain and Abel” there.

The theater has grandiose plans for the near future. The actors admit: “Now we are at a turning point, we are finding our own identity. We are neither a plastic theater nor a puppet theater. On stage we create our own reality, metaphorical but understandable. Today anything can be called art house, and often there is no deep meaning behind it. But our creativity always carries a clear idea.”

Those who have never seen Morph Theater performances should know that only in the play “Metamorphoses” based on Franz Kafka’s story “Metamorphosis” is speech heard. And that’s half German. In other performances there are no words. However, specific stories are taken as a basis - be it the biblical “Cain and Abel” or Castaneda’s “Juan”. Another thing is that they cannot be perceived as staging. Rather, it is a subjective perception of the ideas contained in the original source. Aesthetics and philosophy are invariably combined here. Otherwise, each performance has its own rules of the game. “The Teachings of Don Juan” creates a harmony of body movements and masks, and one of the three roles is assigned to the doll. In “Metamorphoses” the action alternately and smoothly flows from the world of props, puppetry, into the world of live actors.

“Cain and Abel” is rather something between dance and pantomime. By the way, the artists are preparing a new edition of this performance, full of unexpected solutions.

“Now our brains are literally exploding.” On the one hand, everyone is in a panic, they only talk about the crisis. But it seems to me that in such moments there is a chance to say a new word. Moreover, during troubles a person wants to somehow be distracted, and theater and cinema perfectly contribute to this, so we have not lost the viewer,” the director shares.

On my own behalf, I would like to note that the somewhat esoteric, unusual topics that the team addresses are now to the liking of many. They make you think, look at familiar things from a different perspective, and turn to your inner self.

In a word, the troupe is trying to occupy its niche, which, in fact, is still empty in the theater. This is neither academic theater nor “trash”, which is often resorted to recently in search of new forms. Here there are no costumes and music “from the selection”; the work is created from “a” to “z” independently. Thanks to this, the viewer is presented with a living, breathing picture that holds attention from the first to the last minute.

Of course, when declaring such a position, the theater cannot stop halfway. Our immediate plans include trips to Russian and international festivals. And who knows, maybe our city will once again prove that it rightfully bears the title of cultural capital, and will give the world something outstanding in the field of world art?

This is a review of the performances of the young St. Petersburg group Morph. It provides information about the performances, reflects the author's opinion about the performances watched, and conducts a small analysis of the direction and style of creativity.

4.7 Investigative journalism

Akulova Anna

"Balashikha regional newspaper Fact"

23.03.09

Journalistic investigation into the installation of road sign 3.1 “Entry prohibited” at the intersection of Entuziastov highway - st. Polevaya at the exit from the M-7 Volga highway

The editors of the Fakt newspaper received a letter from our reader N.I. Ovcharenko, in which he asks to conduct a journalistic investigation into the installation of road sign 3.1 “No Entry” at the intersection of Entuziastov Highway - St. Polevaya at the exit from the M-7 Volga highway.

- I would like to find out on what basis one-way traffic was organized on the section of Entuziastov Highway (near the pharmacy) and sign 3.1 “Entry prohibited” was installed; and at the same time find out whether those people who made this decision to organize one-way traffic understood that the entire flow of traffic moving from the region and making a turn in the direction of Saltykovka would be directed through the nearby courtyards where children and pensioners walk? - asks Nikolai Ivanovich. - Who asked their opinion - are they ready for the roads in their yards to serve as a 24-hour backup for the closed exit from Gorkovskoye Highway? Or is it necessary to collect their signatures in protest?

And the last thing - about drivers who have already violated traffic rules and drove under this sign. At the moment, the number of people deprived of a driver's license is already in the hundreds (!), not counting those whose documents the magistrate sends to their place of residence. Did all these people deliberately violate traffic rules? If you drive to this place, you can make sure that these signs, partially covered by tree crowns and installed at a 4-meter height, are simply NOT VISIBLE from the car. The traffic police are simply carrying out some kind of plan to deprive driver’s licenses, drawing up about 20 protocols on administrative violations, all with the same wording: “Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (Administrative Offenses Code of the Russian Federation) dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ, Article 12.15. paragraph 4 - deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months.” At the time of consideration of my case, there were about 50 violators, of which about 40 fell under this sign; at the previous analysis there were more than 100 violators...

FROM THE EDITOR: before giving the floor to traffic police officers for the city district of Balashikha, we remind our readers that in issue No. 31 of the Fakt newspaper dated April 22, page 2, the article “Transmission is prohibited!” was published. It talked about a new traffic pattern organized along the highway. Enthusiasts, as well as the main reason for installing new signs. If every driver read the text of the article in time, then perhaps the number of people deprived of their driver’s licenses would be significantly less.

But our reader’s letter raised several questions, the answers to which the newspaper’s editors are unable to give - unfortunately, we do not install signs, and we do not punish drivers. Therefore, we invited the employees of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of the Internal Affairs Directorate for the city district of Balashikha to read the letter and also give an official response to it. The text of the answer is given without changes.

- Currently, as well as in recent years, the intersection of st. Sovetskaya - Enthusiastov Highway is a place where traffic accidents are concentrated. Thus, since the beginning of 2008, 48 accidents have been registered at this intersection. The reasons accompanying the occurrence of incidents are: heavy traffic of vehicles and pedestrians (including the presence of exits on both sides of Entuziastov Highway on Sovetskaya Street, which “clogs” the intersection), the absence of a traffic light facility, the short distance of the federal highway from the intersection, the presence of buses stops, the presence of objects of attraction for people and vehicles (retail outlets, administration building, etc.).

In order to prevent road accidents, the traffic police department initiated the installation of a transport fence on the street. Sovetskaya, on the section from Gorkovskoye Highway to Entuziastov Highway, which had a positive effect on the accident rate. A new cycle for regulating the traffic light facility (Gorkovskoye Highway - Sovetskaya St.) has been developed, which includes regulation of the movement of vehicles and pedestrians at the intersection in question, and appropriate road signs have been installed, the requirements of which, unfortunately, are observed by drivers only in the presence of traffic police inspectors.

The above measures to some extent reduce the level of accidents, but do not eliminate it completely, and therefore, in order to reduce the intensity of vehicle traffic at the junction in question (i.e., closing the exit from Entuziastov Highway to Sovetskaya Street), the relevant authorities, in particular The administration of the Balashikha urban district, the traffic police department and other services of the area, decided to organize one-way traffic on the Entuziastov highway section (along houses No. 9/2, 11/1).

Problematic article from the Internet

Music, especially modern music, is an integral part of the lives of teenagers and young people. They are the main consumers of music products.

Nowadays, teenagers actively listen to music: in transport, on the street, at home, in class, etc. Some people relax with the help of music; for others, on the contrary, music helps them concentrate and find the right solution to a certain problem. There are many types of music styles in the world: classical, pop, rap, metal, etc. And all this music in one way or another influences the aesthetic education of teenagers, the formation of life ideals and principles. And to form a personality and aesthetic culture, - note many writers, teachers, cultural figures (Makarenko, Kabalevsky, Sukhomlinsky, Ushinsky) - is especially important in the most favorable teenage or school age. The feeling of the beauty of nature, surrounding people, things creates special emotional and mental states in a child, arouses direct interest in life, sharpens curiosity, develops thinking, memory, will and other psychological processes. As psychological and sociological studies show, many areas of mass culture, emasculated morally and aesthetically, negatively affect the socialization of adolescents, which requires the active intervention of science for the socio-psychological study of all the consequences of the influence of this culture on the formation of the psyche of a modern teenager. Serious deformations that have developed in the last two decades in the sphere of formation of ideals, moral and value disorientation of a significant part of the population, especially young people, dictate the need to search for ways of constructive changes, both at the level of the individual and at the level of various youth groups. (B.S. Volkov, A.V. Mudrik, V.S. Mukhina, A.V. Semenov, V.E. Chudnovsky, T.I. Shulga, N.M. Shkurko, D.I. Feldshtein, etc. .).

The naked aggression of vulgarity and immorality on the part of many media, especially television, leads to serious changes in the ideals and ideas of modern teenagers. According to E.A. Petrova, gender images, and ideas about family and love relationships, as well as a wide range of many qualities that have been traditionally revered in the mentality of the Russian people: honesty, decency, politeness, etc. are displaced.

Adolescence, due to its psychophysiological characteristics, is characterized by the need for intense physical and mental stress, which is why modern rhythmic music contributes to the realization of this need to a greater extent. In addition, adolescence is characterized by the need for intensive communication.

Many scientists have dealt with the issue of the influence of modern music on teenagers. They conducted various types of research on this issue and identified certain patterns of the influence of music on adolescents.

From the research of Nadiya Rofkhidovna Iskhakova (candidate of sociological sciences, associate professor of the Naberezhnye Chelny branch of the Tatar State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University) it is clear that one of the factors influencing the spiritual life of society is music. “The study of the musical tastes of young people has prognostic significance. Today’s preferences of the younger generation are becoming widespread and generally accepted tomorrow. Youth leisure is largely associated with music (listening to records, attending concerts, discos, etc.). Through music, young people outline their living space. Often, "walls" of sounds are used by young people as a way to isolate themselves from others - family, teachers, peers. Selectivity in the consumption of musical works characterizes musical taste. By identifying the musical preferences of young people, the socio-cultural appearance and moods of young people are characterized. Comparative analysis of the musical preferences of school youth allowed us to draw the following conclusions: Under the influence of modern popular culture, youth priorities in the field of music are rapidly changing. With a pedagogically competent choice of teaching methods and a high level of professionalism of the teacher, the school can become the center of general music education and upbringing of the younger generation. We are far from thinking that a school at this stage of its development can provide students with a comprehensive aesthetic education, including musical education, but the orientation toward certain aesthetic values ​​is largely formed at school.”

One of the central concepts of the study was “involvement in various musical genres.” Using this concept, typologies of respondents’ familiarity with various musical genres were identified, which made it possible to conduct a fairly detailed analysis of the relationship between youth and music.

Despite the apparent loss of cultural traditions in our society, results were obtained indicating their certain preservation. First of all, it should be noted the connection between familiarity with music of academic genres with the level of education of young people (the greatest interest in these genres is recorded among engineers and students). The connection with the social status and level of education of parents is also significant, i.e. we can say that involvement in the analytical musical tradition is still characteristic primarily of the intelligentsia. Influence the familiarity with music and traditions of urban or rural culture. Thus, among native city dwellers there are more academic genres of music than among people from rural areas, and vice versa, among young people born and raised in rural areas there is a greater interest in folk music. An analysis of the dependence of young people’s involvement in folk music on the education of their parents gives a picture opposite to that which was recorded in the case of music of academic genres. With increasing parental education, the proportion of young people with a negative attitude towards folk music increases, and the proportion of respondents with a positive attitude towards this music decreases.

It was revealed that every fifth young person is actually involved in art. At the same time, among young people with different needs for art, the proportion of socially active young people is the same, compared to other groups, since, in the opinion of researchers, involvement in culture is one of the most important conditions for true independent thinking and the ability to make informed, well-thought-out decisions. The task of introducing young people to culture, and not only young people, acquires, in addition to the obvious social significance, also a clearly expressed political meaning.

Since they have become one of the most important phenomena of the social world.

Journalism, more than ever, remains the most relevant link between the individual and society, between different spheres of public life.

One of the most famous and widespread genres of journalism is the article.

For many decades, since the advent of journalism, articles have been the main sources of news and important information for society.

The article was and remains the most popular genre of journalism

With the development of technology, the genres of journalism began to expand, as radio and television appeared, for which individual stories were recorded and filmed.

But the article as a genre of journalism has still not lost its relevance.

Although today paper newspapers and magazines are outdated as a way to obtain new information, journalists still continue to write for their audience on Internet platforms.

Why does the genre of the article continue to remain relevant and why does it so captivate the reader?

Before we understand what it is, let’s figure out what the term “genre” itself means in journalism.

Genre can be called types of journalistic work that are related by similar substantive and formal characteristics.

Despite the established genre system, changes quite often occur in journalism associated with the emergence of new genres at critical times for society.

The article is distinguished by a deep analysis of facts

Also, two or more genres can merge into something new, fresh and interesting for the reader.

This becomes one of the significant reasons for such changes - the desire of journalists to convey information in a new way, to look at situations from a different perspective.

Reflection of reality, description of a social problem relevant in a given period of time, argumentation of social phenomena, competent factualization and a detailed concept of its presentation to the reader - all this fully characterizes the article as a genre of journalism.

An article is distinguished from other forms of presentation of information by a deep analysis of facts, a detailed study and disclosure of the problem, theoretical generality, the breadth of the conclusions drawn, as well as the depth of coverage of reality.

The article has a clear logical sequence with a simple and understandable composition:

1. Introduction/beginning is the formulation of the problem. The introduction may describe one specific situation, event, or several for visual comparison. This could be a declaration, that is, a statement of the problem, which will contain the author’s promise to confirm his theses and arguments. The introduction can also be in the form of direct/indirect quotation.
2. Thesis. Here the author designates and directs the flow of reasoning to the question posed. A thesis is a statement of a problem that the author will subsequently have to argue for.
3. Argumentation, that is, confirmation of the author's thoughts and reasoning with specific facts, as well as links to expert opinions on the topic raised for a more complete disclosure of the problem.
4. An ending in which the author formulates certain conclusions. They may not be included in the main article at the discretion of the author.

Varieties of article as a genre

In fact, there are so many varieties of an article that sometimes you don’t even think about the fact that forms such as report and review also belong to the article genre.

It is very multifaceted and diverse, relevant and filled with facts, interesting and well-reasoned.

Let's find out what types of articles are divided into.

Information

News is what we read every day

This may include:

• news. The peculiarity of such an article is that there is no author’s attitude to the event described and there should not be. Only specific facts, framed in a strict business style, without unnecessary emotions;
• . It usually describes the results of some activity or event with the addition of the author's opinion and a little emotional assessment. For example, reports can be written about test drives of new equipment, cars, etc.;
• interview. Everyone knows what an interview is - a conversation with a famous person, before conducting which the journalist prepares and edits questions in advance, selects a special room, finds out in advance all the information about the interviewee, and so on. Writing such an article should always be approached with great responsibility;
• article-question. Here the author can fully give free rein to his writing abilities and describe events in a living, emotional language. The problem posed in such an article must be given a fully detailed answer, ways of solving it must be considered, and the reader must be forced to think. Basically, the question is posed in the title itself, after reading which it immediately becomes clear what will be discussed;
• description. Sometimes factual information alone is not enough for presentation and good perception of information. Therefore, journalists turn to living literary language. For a clearer understanding, articles may sometimes include tables or lists;
• instructions. This is the type of article that fully answers the question “how?” Each step is described in detail here to help the reader achieve the desired result. The author can either add or omit the beginning and ending. It won't be that important. The main thing is to provide the necessary information and guidance for action.

It immediately becomes clear that such articles contain more information, a description of the problem and a narration about some event.

Analytical

Characteristic features of the problematic article:

• clear logical sequence of presentation;
• the text can be emotionally colored by the author. This is done in order to emphasize the idea for the reader and make it interesting;
• use of a conversational style of speech. This is expressed in the reduction of long and cumbersome sentences, imitation of friendly communication between the author and the reader about serious problems, the use of colloquial vocabulary and emotional assessment of the topic raised;
• the debatable nature of the description of the selected topics.

The article as a genre in journalism will remain basic and most relevant for a very, very long time.

Even with the advent of the World Wide Web, the need for printed materials did not fall, but on the contrary, it became many times greater.

Thanks to articles, you learn something new and interesting every day, so, to summarize, let us draw your attention to the fact that now you are reading an article.

In this video you will learn about two more genres of journalism - information and reporting:

A genre such as an article is characterized by a breadth of theoretical and practical generalizations, a deep analysis of facts and phenomena, and a clear social orientation. In the article, the author examines individual situations as part of a broader phenomenon. The author argues and builds his position through a system of facts.

The article expresses a detailed, detailed, reasoned concept of the author or editor regarding a current sociological problem. Also, in an article, a journalist must interpret the facts (this can be numbers, additional information that will correctly place emphasis and clearly reveal the essence of the issue).

Types of article

Frontline

The editorial expresses the editorial point of view on the most pressing issue at the moment. The editorial helps to correctly navigate the problems of public life and responds to the most pressing issues.

Basic requirements: relevance of the topic, deep disclosure and justification of the proposed tasks, specificity and conciseness of generalizations, conclusions, arguments.

Leading articles may be:

• general political - published in connection with significant dates and events;
• propaganda - they reveal the prospects for creation, the implementation of certain ideas;
• operational - reflect the most pressing political and economic tasks at the moment.

Theoretical and propaganda

Using examples of specific situations, a scientific and theoretical explanation of current events is given. Such articles analyze theoretical aspects of economics, politics, literature and art.

Problematic

The problematic article examines current political and ideological problems. A problem article is characterized by: formulation, discussion of ways to solve the problem, issues of social life. This type of article requires the journalist to have an in-depth study of the chosen problem, great competence, a firm position in defending his own point of view, as well as evidence.

Sometimes such articles are controversial. They present several points of view on any problem.

Information

• Information-narrative - the material is arranged in a sequence that, as a rule, corresponds to their temporal or spatial development and accomplishment.
• Information-descriptive - published either in conjunction with Information-narrative or separately from it. In an article of this type, information is presented in such a way that the reader has an idea of ​​the subject of the description as a whole, as well as its components, individual properties and characteristics.