Event dedicated to the day of remembrance of victims of political repression. Scenario for the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression on the theme “Volgolag: people and destinies”

With the modernization of the Russian state and society, new dates appear in our calendar. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, October 30 is celebrated as the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. There are still many blank spots left in the history of repressions in the USSR. Today we are amazed even by the officially published results for the years of the “Great Terror” (1937-38): 1,344,923 arrested, 681,692 executed. Some researchers give other numbers: 12-14 million arrested, at least 1 million executed. Perhaps we will never know the truth, because the places of executions and burials are discovered by chance, since they were carefully hidden by the NKVD workers. But the tragic page in the history of the massacre of one’s own people (behind which thousands of crippled human lives and destinies) must be kept in the people’s memory; and such words as “Stalenism”, “Yezhovism”, repression, terror should not exist in the political life of countries. We must honor the memory of those who undeservedly suffered or died in those terrible years for our country. I would like to present to the attention of my colleagues my original design, “Evening in Memory of the Victims of Political Repression.”

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Scenario. Evening in memory of victims of political repression.

The music "Requiem" is playing.

Organizer of the evening(a history teacher). Our meeting today is being held on the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression. I'll start it with verses:

Everyone,

who was branded by Article fifty-eight,

who even in a dream was surrounded by dogs, a fierce escort,

who in court, without trial, by special meeting

was doomed to a prison uniform until the grave,

who was betrothed to fate with shackles, thorns, chains,

them

our tears and sorrow, our eternal memory!

The floor is givenHead of the Department of Social Protection of the Population.

1st presenter: It was not by chance that October 30 was chosen by the President of the Russian Federation as the Day of Victims of Repression: 19 years before, this day was chosen, if you like, by God. On this day in 1972, Yuri Galanskov died in a Mordovian camp, having received a sentence for his protest against the imprisonment of Sinyavsky and Daniel, writers convicted of publishing their stories abroad.

Two years later, in October 1974, a group of Galanskov’s convicts managed to convey to the public a proposal to celebrate this day throughout the world as the Day of Political Prisoners. This is what was accepted by the international community. And it was carried out in Soviet camps - through hunger strikes - despite the inevitable punishment cells, bans on visits, transfers to prison regime and other delights. Until 1974, another date was celebrated as the Day of Political Prisoners - September 5, the anniversary of the famous decree of 1918 “On the Red Terror”, which, in addition to the execution of “all persons related to White Guard organizations, conspiracies and rebellions, introduced concentration camps in Soviet Russia...”.

2nd presenter: The presidential decree marked the new state's break with the repressive Soviet regime. To what extent this gap is confirmed by new practice, we can judge for ourselves.

But did the president, when signing his decree, think about the fact that the word"repression" hardly corresponds to what happened with the establishment of Soviet power in our country.

Indeed, - What is repression?This is when the government punishes people for some of their actions against it - right? Meanwhile, the overwhelming majority of those whom we understand today did not even think about any actions against the authorities.

3rd presenter: Not the thousands of engineers arrested in connection with the “Shakhty case”; nor the hundreds of thousands tortured, shot, and killed in 1937–1938. party members who naively believed that they, the mind, honor and conscience of the era, were building a bright future for all working people; nor the millions of peasants who believed in the “new economic policy” announced in 1921 and who, 7 years later, found themselves victims of the “policy of eliminating the kulaks as a class.” Neither the executed marshals and generals - almost the entire Soviet generals, nor the poets: Gumilyov, Tabidze, Smelyakov, Zabolotsky - fought against the authorities; neither the artists - Ruslanova, Dvorzhetsky, Mikhoels, nor the author of the trajectory of the future American flight to the Moon Kondratyuk, or the future head of the Soviet space program Korolev, or the aircraft designer Tupolev, nor the geneticists Vavilov, Pantin, Timofeev-Resovsky, nor our physicist Rumer, astronomer Kozyrev, historian Gumilyov, not the completely destroyed Jewish anti-fascist committee, not the victims of the post-war “Leningrad affair”, not to mention the millions of captured soldiers...

1st speaker: “On the conditions of detention of prisoners».

The largest camps in which prisoners served their sentences were on Solovki and Kolyma. The conditions of detention of prisoners in these camps led to great loss of life. The security on Solovki consisted of OGPU employees who were convicted of sins in their service and were sent to Solovki for correction. And they did arbitrariness there. New prisoners were greeted with the words: “This is not the Soviet Republic, but the Solovetsky Republic!” Get it! The prosecutor has never set foot on Solovetsky soil, and never will! Know! You weren't sent here to fix it! You can’t fix a hunchback.”

Life was like a theater of the absurd. They published their own magazine “Solovetsky Islands”. And since 1926, an All-Union subscription was announced for it. There was also its own drama group, because there were a lot of cultural figures there. And botanists and art historians were members of the Solovetsky Society of Local Lore.

There were only two escapes from the Solovetsky Islands. There were different measures for killing people. Of the 84 thousand people, 43 thousand people died.

In Kolyma, over the years, 2.5 million people served their sentences, of which 950 thousand people died.

They died from exhaustion and related diseases.

The size of the ration became the main means for the camp administration to force prisoners to give all their best at work. Shock workers were entitled to increased rations and the possibility of early release, and those who did not fulfill the quota were mercilessly cut off.

Since 1938, mass executions began, thereby getting rid of unwanted prisoners.

4th presenter: This is not repression, this is stupid violence , which cannot even be called political. Simply the violence of power, which feels itself to be power only in acts of violence, the more causeless, the more delightful!

The Soviet regime did not invent anything new in this regard. If you think about it, violence served as the main productive force.True, this system was unable to produce anything but violence. But she produced this on an expanding scale.

Correspondent with a question “What does the word repression mean for your family?”

1st presenter: During the years of the "Great Terror"(1937-38), which claimed a hitherto unknown number of lives of our compatriots. They even amazeofficially published results of this company: 1,344,923 arrested, 681,692 executed.The famous historian R. Conquest (BT) names other numbers: 12-14 million arrested, at least 1 million. shot; Commission of the Central Committee (1962) and even more: 19 million arrested, at least 7 million executed.

As it were,Both names – Yezhovshchina and BT – are inaccurate.The NKVD, which carried out mass arrests and executions in those years, was indeed headed by N. Yezhov, but the idea of this action was not his. If we were to associate this with someone’s name, then we should call it: Stalinism. Suffice it to remember that during the BT, three-quarters of the members of the Central Committee were destroyed - almost all of Lenin’s closest associates, 95% of the top generals - the founders of Lenin’s Red Army. All of them are by no means enemies of Stalin, much less of the Soviet regime.

1st reader: “About Anna Akhmatova.”

Requiem

1935 – 1940

No, and not under an alien sky,

And not under the protection of alien wings, -

I was then with my people,

Where my people, unfortunately, were.

1961

During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, she spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” her. Then the woman standing behind her with blue lips, who, of course, had never heard her name in her life, woke up from her characteristic daze and asked her in her ear (everyone there spoke in a whisper):

Can you describe this?

And Akhmatova said:

Can.

Then something like a smile crossed what had once been her face.

Leningrad.

2nd reader: Anna Akhmatova “Dedication”.

Mountains bend before this grief,

The great river does not flow

But the prison gates are strong,

And behind them are “convict holes”,

And mortal melancholy.

For some the wind is blowing fresh,

For someone the sunset is basking -

We don't know, we're the same everywhere

We only hear the hateful grinding of keys

Yes, the soldiers' steps are heavy.

They rose as if to early mass,

They walked through the wild capital,

We met there, more lifeless dead,

The sun is lower and the Neva is foggy,

And hope still sings in the distance.

Sentence…. And immediately the tears will flow,

Already separated from everyone,

As if with pain the life was taken out of the heart,

As if rudely knocked over,

But she walks....Wobbles....Alone.

Where are the involuntary friends now?

My two crazy years?

What do they imagine in the Siberian blizzard?

What do they see in the lunar circle?

To them I send my farewell greetings.

March 1940

Correspondent addresses the invited guests (formerly repressed) with question

2nd presenter: The Great Terror was carefully planned - as a kind of military operation. Moreover, the murder of Kirov on December 1, 1934 only outwardly looked like a reason for unleashing terror; rather, it was one of the measures of his personnel and psychological preparation.

The BT plan itself, with a breakdown of the entire population into groups and categories, percentage standards for each category and limits on arrests and executions by region and republic, was submitted by Yezhov for approval by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on July 2, 1937. No liquidation or imprisonment was subject to only the remnants of the “hostile classes” (including children) and former members of hostile parties and participants in the white movement (and their children), but also communists - former members of all opposition movements in the CPSU (b) - 383 lists of the most prominent party and government figures.

3rd reader: Anna Akhmatova “Introduction”.

It was when I smiled

Only dead, glad for peace.

And dangled like an unnecessary pendant

Leningrad is near its prisons.

And when, maddened by torment,

The already condemned regiments were marching,

And a short song of parting

The locomotive whistles sang,

The death stars stood above us

And innocent Rus' writhed

Under bloody boots

And under the black tires there is Marussia.

3rd presenter: Apparently, at the same plenum the issue of torture investigation was discussed. Mass torture began on the night of August 17-18, 1937.

Ideologically, BT was justified back in 1928 by Stalin’s thesis about the intensification of the class struggle as we move towards socialism; this thesis was proven by the repressions themselves: “Shakhtinsky trial” - summer of 1928, more than 2000 engineers were arrested, 5 of them were shot; the process of the “Industrial Party” - 1930, world-class economists Chayanov and Kondratiev were shot; “case of sabotage at power plants” - 1933, hundreds of specialists were arrested in Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Baku.

I. Stalin: “It has been proven that the sabotage of our specialists, the anti-Soviet actions of the kulaks... were subsidized and inspired from outside.”

4th reader: Anna Akhmatova “The Verdict”

And the stone word fell

On my still living chest.

It's okay, because I was ready

I'll deal with this somehow.

I have a lot to do today:

We must completely kill our memory,

It is necessary for the soul to turn to stone,

We must learn to live again.

Otherwise... The hot rustle of summer

It's like a holiday outside my window.

I've been anticipating this for a long time

Bright day and empty house.

Fountain House.

Correspondent addresses invited guests(formerly repressed) with question “How did your family achieve rehabilitation?”

4th presenter: On November 25, 38, Beria was appointed to the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, most of the Yezhov investigators were arrested and shot, 327,400 Yezhov prisoners were released. Yezhov himself was appointed People's Commissar of Water Transport, then this People's Commissariat was abolished, and Yezhov was arrested and shot. But his arrest, trial and execution were never officially reported; only the word “Yezhovshchina” appeared in the language, but it was not officially used.

The number of BT victims is stated above: counting in the millions, it remains uncertain; their burial places are discovered by chance. The heirs of the NKVD are doing everything to prevent the publication of the executed lists. For example, a mass grave was discovered in Karelia near Medvezhyegorsk. Here on October 27, 1937, 1,111 people were shot.

5th reader: Anna Akhmatova “Epilogue”.

I learned how faces fall,

How fear peeks out from under your eyelids,

Like cuneiform hard pages

Suffering appears on the cheeks,

Like curls of ashen and black

They suddenly become silver,

The smile fades on the lips of the submissive,

And fear trembles in the dry laugh.

And I’m not praying for myself alone,

And about everyone who stood there with me

And in the bitter cold and in the July heat

Under the red, blind wall.

2nd speaker : “Repressed on the territory of our region (in the Tyumen region)»

Residents of the Tyumen region fully experienced mass terror in 1937-1938. In one month (from July 3 to August 1, 1937), more than 3 thousand people were arrested under execution charges. By August 13, 5,444 people had already been arrested.

In Tyumen, Tobolsk, Ishim, Khanty-Mansiysk, Salekhard, all political exiles were shot. Former tsarist and white officers, priests, many participants in the peasant uprising of 1921. December 10, 1937 - 11 thousand 50 people were convicted under the first category (execution), and more than 5 thousand people under the second category (deportation to camps).

A special page in the chronicle history of our region should be given to the so-called special settlers. Entire peoples who were forcibly deported to the eastern regions of the country found themselves under the moloch of repressive policies during the war.

On August 28, 1941, the Presidium of the Supreme Council adopted a decree “On the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region.” More than a million people deported to the areas of the present Tyumen region, 31 thousand 890 people were shot.

In 1943 – 1944 Trains with deported Chechens, Balkars, Ingush, Kabardians, and Crimean Tatars began to arrive beyond the Urals. Many of them ended up on Tyumen land and fully experienced the bitter fate of special settlers. In 1944, 14 thousand 147 Kalmyks were taken to the Tyumen region. The main part of them was located in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets districts. However, having found themselves in unusual natural and climatic conditions and being placed in barracks unsuitable for winter conditions, many Kalmyk special settlers died and rest in Tyumen soil. The survivors were allowed to return to their homes only in 1954.

The fate of the repressed peoples was shared by the indigenous inhabitants of Yamal - the Nenets. In November–December 1943, the security forces provoked a revolt by a group of Nenets, who dissolved collective farms, divided public reindeer and migrated deeper into the tundra. This situation was presented as an uprising organized by Hitler's intelligence. A company of machine gunners was sent from Omsk to suppress the “uprising”. Having gathered unarmed Nenets by deception, the soldiers opened fire on them: seven were killed and the same number were wounded, the rest were arrested and taken to Salekhard. There, out of 50 Nenets, 41 died from illness and exhaustion.

By 1950, more than 60 thousand people lived in the region as exiles. The most difficult situation was for special settlers who worked in logging and the fishing industry. They lived in hastily built barracks, suffering from hunger and cold, from insults and mockery from those in power.

Correspondent addresses the invited guests (formerly repressed) with question “How did the repression affect your destiny?”

2nd presenter: But there was another result of BT - the one for which all these getacombs of corpses were piled up - the completion of the creation of a system of violence as the productive force of society. This is also mentioned above. One way or another, the “cleansing”, to use modern slang, was carried out, although its terms had to be extended twice, early, as well as increasing regional limits on executions (based on requests from the localities). Socialism, as the leader and teacher understood it, was “basically” built on 1/6 of the land. It was possible to move on to preparing its distribution to the remaining 5/6.

Organizer of the evening (history teacher):Dear guests! We wish you health, long life, a prosperous old age, prosperity for you and your families, and also to be insured against various disasters and surprises!

1st presenter: Insure yourself against numerous professions.

2nd presenter: Insure yourself against the proletarians of all countries.

3rd presenter: Insure yourself against political repression.

4th presenter: Insure yourself against funeral telegrams.

1st presenter: Protect yourself from discolored skies.

2nd presenter: Insure yourself from the inevitable fuss.

3rd presenter: Insure yourself against the impersonal sky.

4th presenter: Insure yourself from hopeless fuss.

Music is playing. Oginsky's Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland".

Prepared by history and social studies teacher

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 5 of Gubkinsky Sabaeva Nelly Fedorovna.

Literary and musical composition dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression.

(Music sounds. On the screen is a portrait of O. Mandelstam and the poem “We live...”) – slide 1.

Leading

Our event today is dedicated toDay of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression - on this memorable day, mourning events, rallies, laying of wreaths and flowers at monuments to the repressed, and “memory lessons” in educational institutions are held throughout the country. We remember the people who died and suffered during political repression.

In Russiathis day is celebrated annually October 30.

Leading

We live without feeling the country beneath us,
Our speeches are not heard ten steps away,
And where is enough for half a conversation,
The Kremlin highlander will be remembered there.
His thick fingers are like worms, fat
And the words, like pound weights, are true,
The cockroaches are laughing,
And his boots shine.

And around him is a rabble of thin-necked leaders,
He plays with the services of demihumans.
Who whistles, who meows, who whines,
He's the only one who babbles and pokes,
Like a horseshoe, a decree forges a decree:

Some in the groin, some in the forehead, some in the eyebrow, some in the eye.
No matter what his punishment is, it’s raspberries
And a broad Ossetian chest.

Leading

In November 1933, Mandelstam wrote one of the most famous poems of the twentieth century - “The Highlander” or “The Kremlin Highlander.” It is an epigram on Stalin. The poet never kept his authorship a secret. Moreover, Osip Emilievich himself read the work to many friends, acquaintances, and relatives, so now it is difficult to say who wrote the denunciation against him - the circle of possible suspects is too wide. Naturally, Mandelstam understood perfectly well that the publication of the epigram was true suicide. Accordingly, he was ready for a quick arrest. They came for him in May 1934.

Leading

According to the writer Fazil Iskander, Mandelstam escaped execution not so much thanks to Bukharin’s help, but because Stalin liked his epigram. The ruler saw in the poem a recognition of his limitless power.

Leading

And yet, it seems to me that Stalin could not destroy the poet immediately, because the challenge was too direct and loud. The mustachioed mountaineer received such a resounding slap in the face that if he had dealt with the poet right there, he would have looked simply pitiful and ridiculous. And to some it might seem that the leader was also scared. And he did with the poet what a cat would do with a mouse: he delayed his death. In 1938, the year of great terror, Mandelstam was arrested again, after which he was safely turned into “camp dust.” He died at the stage, near Vladivostok.

Leading

Why didn’t the poet remain silent like everyone else, or almost like everyone else? After all, he loved life!

Leading

Maybe because “genius and villainy are incompatible”? If silence and non-resistance to evil are understood as assistance to evil? Do you remember that Pushkin affirmed this first thought in “Mozart and Salieri”?

Leading

And almost a century and a half later, Yevtushenko, paraphrasing Nekrasov, will say: “A poet in Russia is more than a poet.”
Leading

Yes, this is about the innate civic feeling of a real Russian poet. But I still believe that Mandelstam wrote and published this pamphlet, not guided by a sense of duty or other heroic fabrications. No: his pathos, his noble rage comes straight from the heart, and not from the head. Here the head and heart are not in harmony. In life, the poet was not a poster hero. Later, like many other representatives of his workshop, he would write a laudatory ode to Stalin. So what!
Leading

His feat remains a feat! The poetic grenade he threw into the mouth of the inhuman cannibalistic regime exploded!

Leading
The blessed nausea of the holy fool, which overwhelmed the poet, burst out. In Rus', only holy fools threw the truth in the face of the kings. For some historical moment, Osip Mandelstam felt this wondrous power within himself...
Leading
I remembered another, so to speak, epigram on Stalin. I mean the famous song by Yuz Aleshkovsky “Comrade Stalin, you are a great scientist.” It was written by former prisoner Aleshkovsky in 1959. Created during the Thaw, the song quickly gained underground popularity. As literary critic Alla Latynina testifies, “Comrade Stalin” was a “hit” among students in the early 1960s. The pagan idol of ancient tyranny was crushed by Gogol’s merciless laughter!

Leading

The text of “Comrade Stalin” combines elements of folk song with a parody of ceremonial Soviet poetry; Moreover, almost every stanza echoes well-known episodes from Russian and Soviet history. Thus, addressing the leader with the words “you know a lot about linguistics” is a direct reference to Stalin’s work “Marxism and Questions of Linguistics,” published in 1950 and widely discussed by the public. According to literary observer Natalya Dardykina, “the current public does not know what terrible confusion Stalin’s book on linguistics caused among the intelligentsia, which destroyed the legacy of Academician Marr.”

Leading

The line about the “gray Bryansk wolf” is a reworking of the Russian proverb about the “Tambov wolf.” Another proverb is encrypted in the words about “cutting wood” and “Stalin’s chips”; In addition, these lines contain a reminder of a well-known expression that was allegedly uttered by Stalin to justify the scale of repressions of the 1930s. Sarcastic gratitude for the taiga fire (“You made a flame here from a spark”) carries a reminder of the revolutionary newspaper and at the same time plays on its epigraph (“From a spark will ignite a flame.”

Leading

Prose writer Andrei Bitov saw in “The Song of Stalin” “the peak” from which Aleshkovsky’s creative biography began; He likened the author's literary debut to the skill of storytellers. Samuel Lurie called the song “immortal”; Yuri Kublanovsky included it in the list of “masterpieces”; Natalya Dardykina noted that “Uz’s laughter is truly Rabelaisian.”

Let us now see and hear everything for ourselves.
(clip “Comrade Stalin”)

Leading

What caused this nausea, laughter, tears, despair and horror? How did an empire called the Soviet Union turn into a huge concentration camp? Who else among the poets and writers did not remain silent and revealed to us the terrible truth? We'll talk about this seriously now.

(slide Orwell) – 2.

Leading

Here is a quote from George Orwell's novel 1984. Despite the fact that the novel was published in 1949, Stalin, like all tyrants, strictly followed the logic of the quote. From the beginning of the 30s, he began to systematically destroy the PAST. Namely: he shoots and throws into camps political opponents, then former comrades, old Bolsheviks - now competitors. Many who knew him personally even before the revolution and could reproach him. His servants from historical science are rushing to rewrite history, assigning Dzhugashvili a leading role in the revolution. Gradually he gets the hang of it, and anyone who disagrees, who doesn’t express himself the way he should, goes under the knife. Then repressions fall on representatives of almost all classes: workers, peasants, office workers - so that the place is known!

Leading

During the war, the great helmsman deprives entire peoples of his trust and resettles them in remote areas of the country, of course, without their consent. Ten peoples were subjected to total deportation: Koreans, Germans, Ingrian Finns, Karachais, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks. Of these, seven - Germans, Karachais, Kalmyks, Ingush, Chechens, Balkars and Crimean Tatars - also lost their national autonomy.

(slide “Memorial”) – 3.

Leading

According to the human rights society Memorial, over two years (1937–1938), more than 1 million 700 thousand people were arrested on political charges and at least 725 thousand of them were shot - on average, the statekilled a thousand of its citizens every day . But the Great Terror is only one, albeit the bloodiest, terrorist campaign of the Soviet regime. On a somewhat smaller scale, with less cruelty, such crimes were committed throughout the seventy years - from the October Revolution itself.

(Gulag map) – 4.

Leading

Millions of people found themselves behind the barbed wire of the vast Gulag camp system, at gunpoint and at gunpoint. Hungry, naked and barefoot, humiliated a thousand times, robbed and insulted; hunted by shepherd dogs, convoys and thugs - they tried to survive with a pickle in their hands in the ice faces of KOLYMA or with a wheelbarrow - in the sun-scorched deserts of Kazakhstan.

Leading

Blatari are members of an ancient asocial community, the “underworld.” Not those people who sometimes committed criminal offenses, but thieves - professionals, repeat offenders. The Soviet government called them the sympathetic class. She entrusted them with all leadership positions in the camps. Warm positions of grain cutters, foremen, storekeepers, etc. Blatari methodically robbed, humiliated and killed political ZKs with impunity - Article 58. At that time, political prisoners were firmly assigned an offensive nickname - fascists.

(Solzhenitsyn slide) – 5.

Leading

It is no coincidence that captain artilleryman A.I. Solzhenitsyn, who had not yet known the camp, in front-line letters to a friend, using simple Aesopian language, replaces the leader’s party pseudonym with a characteristic one - “godfather”, comparing Stalin with criminal authorities, thieves in law, godfathers. Probably, like Mandelstam, he could not stand it either.

Leading

Here's what he himself says about it:
“But there comes a limit when you no longer want to, when it’s already disgusting to be a prudent rabbit. When the rabbit's head is illuminated by the general understanding that all rabbits are intended only for meat and skins, and therefore winning is possible only in a delay, not in life. When you want to shout: “Damn you, shoot quickly!”

A. I. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago. Volume 1"

(Shalamov slide) – 6.

Leading

Another brilliant, in my opinion, Russian writer Varlam Shalamov spent almost 17 years in camps. Of these, 14 years spent in extermination camps in Kolyma. There were three arrests in his life. The first, February 19, 1929, was arrested during a raid on an underground printing house while printing leaflets called “Lenin’s Testament.” For this, as a “socially dangerous element,” he receives 3 years of imprisonment in camps.

The second - on January 13, 1937 - was arrested for counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activities and again placed in Butyrka prison. At a special meeting he was sentenced to 5 years of imprisonment in forced labor camps with heavy labor. August 14, 1937 - with a large party of prisoners, the ship arrives in Nagaevo Bay (Magadan). The third - May 1943 - was arrested following a denunciation by fellow prisoners “for anti-Soviet statements” and for praising the great Russian writer I.A. Bunin. June 22, 1943 - at trial in the village. Yagodny was sentenced to 10 years in the camps for anti-Soviet agitation.

All his work is dedicated to the camp. Read “Kolyma Tales” and other works by the author. For what? In order, probably, to remain human, not to lose your soul; to know the truth!

(slide 7.)

Leading

I want to read you a few revelations from V. Shalamov. These are the moral lessons and conclusions that he learned from there, from the 9th circle of hell:

1 The extreme fragility of human culture and civilization.

2 A person became a beast after three weeks - with hard work, cold, hunger and beatings.

3 I realized that friendship and camaraderie never arise in difficult, truly difficult - at the stake of life - conditions. Friendship is born in difficult but possible conditions (in a hospital, not in a slaughterhouse).

4 I realized that a person retains a feeling of anger later than anything else. A hungry man has enough meat only for anger - he is indifferent to the rest.

5 I realized that Stalin’s “victories” were won because he killed innocent people - an organization ten times smaller in number, but the organization would have swept away Stalin in two days.

6 I realized that man became a man because he is physically stronger, more tenacious than any animal - no horse can withstand work in the Far North.

7 I saw that the only group of people who held themselves at least a little humanly in hunger and abuse were religious people - sectarians - almost all of them and most of the priests.

8 Party workers and the military are the first to disintegrate most easily.

9 I learned the truth about the preparation of mysterious trials from the masters of these matters.

Leading

10 I am proud that I decided at the very beginning, back in 1937, that I would never be a foreman if my will could lead to the death of another person - if my will should serve the authorities, oppressing other people - prisoners like me. And physical and my spiritual strength turned out to be stronger than I thought - in this great test, and I am proud that I did not sell anyone, did not send anyone to death, for a prison term, did not write a denunciation against anyone.

11 I learned that the world should be divided not into good and bad people, but into cowards and non-cowards. 95% of cowards, given a weak threat, are capable of all sorts of meanness, deadly meanness.

12 I am convinced that the entire camp is a negative school, you cannot even spend an hour in it - this is an hour of corruption. The camp never gave anything positive to anyone and could not give it.

13 I realized that thieves are not people.

(slide -8.)

Leading

In the time frame allotted to us, little can be said. But let’s at least list a few names of outstanding poets and writers who fell into the millstone of the wolfhound century:

M. Tsvetaeva
N. Gumilev

A. Akhmatova

N. Zabolotsky

D. Kharms

I. A. Kassil

I. I. Kataev

N. A. Klyuev

N. M. Oleynikov

Yu. Aleshkovsky and others.

Leading

To learn more, you don't need to isolate yourself from life. You need to learn to seek the truth and tell it to yourself. It is necessary to understand that the past has a huge influence on both our external and internal, spiritual life right now.

Leading

Everyone, of course, knows about the wonderful people's initiative that was taken up by the state. I mean "Immortal Regiment". But not everyone still knows that a little later another popular initiative appeared - “Immortal Barracks”. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to hold mass processions with portraits of their relatives who went through the Gulag today (and in the foreseeable future).

(slide – 9)

Leading

But on the popular social network “VKontakte” there has been a group called “Immortal Barrack” for a long time. In this group you can read about the fates of those repressed. See their photographs posted by their relatives. Get acquainted with other materials. Join the group, study the living history of your country and your people.

(skishnot “Immortal barracks”)

Leading

(slide “Mask of Sorrow” by E. Neizvestny) – 10.

I would like to end with the well-known words of O. Berggolts, relating to the memory of WWII soldiers. But I think it would be fair to classify them as innocent prisoners of Stalin’s camps and prisons.

So, (leading together) "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten"!

Leading

And may no amount of amnesia be able to destroy our historical memory! We must save it!

(The guitarist comes out. Video “Amnesia”)

END

1. Methodological development of a script for a rally dedicated to the memory of the victims
political repression "37 - peak of terror"
2. “Scenario for a school-wide/mass event”
3. Alekseeva Elena Anatolyevna, teacher of Russian language and literature
4. Rehabilitated citizens and their relatives, students and teachers of municipal educational institutions
School No. 15, deputies of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma, representatives
administration of the urban district of the city of Rybinsk, representatives of the Departments
education and social protection of the city district administration
Rybinsk.
5. Education of the civic position of schoolchildren as part of the implementation
subprogram “Education and development of a young citizen of the city of Rybinsk in
municipal education system.
6. Students of 59 classes (1115 years old) of secondary school No. 15 named after. N.I. Dementieva
7. A rally is a mass educational event that becomes
as a result of the school event “We Remember”, during which in our school
In-person and correspondence excursions, creative competitions (poems, posters about
Volgolage), memory lessons.
The rally at the Foundation Stone is one of the school’s civic traditions.
patriotic education. The school's long-term participation in this event
proves that this is an effective educational form of working with children. Participation
in the rally allows high school students to feel their importance in public
life of the native city and preservation of historical memory.
8. Objectives of the event:
form an active civic position;
to form the foundations of morality, patriotism and the desire for


positive self-realization;

Soviet people;

generation;
introduce students to examples of courage and inflexibility
develop respect for the historical past and for elders

SCENARIO of a rally dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Victims
political repression “37 – peak of terror”
“The best prophet for the future is the past”
J. Byron
Event program:
10.50 – Formation at the Foundation Stone of the delegation from school No. 15 of the microdistrict
Busts
11.00 Meeting with rally participants. They pass to the established for
their place to the sound of hammer blows on the bell
11.10 – 11.40 Speeches by rally participants
11.40 – Minute of silence
11.45 – Laying flowers at the Foundation Stone
Presenter 2
Today, even if sad, allowed people to come together,
which have a direct
or indirect relation.
1st presenter: Insure yourself against numerous professions.
2nd presenter: Insure yourself against the proletarians of all countries.
1st presenter: Insure yourself against political repression.
2nd presenter: Insure yourself against funeral telegrams.
1st presenter: Insure yourself against a discolored sky.
2nd presenter: Insure yourself from the inevitable bustle.
1st presenter: Insure yourself against the impersonal sky.

2nd presenter: Insure yourself against hopeless fuss.
Music is playing.
Oginsky's Polonaise “Farewell to the Motherland”.

1 reader
Lost time, burnt souls,
Your daughters and sons are the best,
The country that lit the eternal fire,
And covered the space with the ashes of the dead
Endless forests and fields and steppes,
Where in your thousands of terrible camps,
Time, souls, and lives were burned,
In the smoldering fires of an endless funeral feast
Presenter1
It was not by chance that October 30 was chosen by the President of the Russian Federation as the Day of Victims of Repression.
On this day in 1972, Yuri Galanskov died in a Mordovian camp, having received
sentence for his protest against the imprisonment of writers Sinyavsky and Daniel,
convicted for publishing their stories abroad (according to the authorities,
these stories “defamed the Soviet state and social system”)
After 2 years, in October 1974, a group of Galanskov’s convicts managed to transfer to
will propose to celebrate this day throughout the world as the Day of Political Prisoners.
This is what was accepted by the international community.
Russia will cry, and grieve for one thing
That we were all mowed down into this land en masse
Even the Almighty forgot our names
We have the same plain, both bottom and top.
And ravines and floodplains and wilderness...
And... Russia doesn’t remember how they loved
Presenter 2
On October 30, on this day, rallies are held throughout Russia, remembering those who
innocently suffered during the years of repression. In the 30s our district became a place
people links. For 18 years, my native village was surrounded by barbed wire. He
was not even indicated on the geographical map. It was called the capital
Volgolaga.

2 reader
On the day of remembrance of those innocently killed,
Those who died at the hands of executioners,
To his call, deaf, soulful
Thousands of people come.
They stand with lit candles.
And everyone is somewhere far away in their thoughts,
Only by eyes filled with tears,
You can understand them, how difficult it is for them.
Presenter 1
Our native village of Perebory became an island of bondage in the 1930s. About these
Our fellow countrywoman Zoya Mikhailovna Krylova wrote poems during terrible times.
3 Reader
That fateful time has not been forgotten.
It is still in people's memory,
When the Russian land was covered
A shameful network of terrible camps.

And the city of Rybinsk was no exception.
In the quiet old area of Perebor
Suddenly he grew up like a ghost
A spiky, intimidating fence.

The sea splashed on their bones here.
The Rybinsk hydroelectric power station lit up.
Many years at the cost of human grief
The Land of Soviets was driving progress.
Presenter 2
The recently deceased Kim Vasilievich Katunin lived with this pain, with whom
Our museum has had a strong friendship since 1995. He is a witness and a judge
terrible era of Stalinist repressions. Kim Vasilyevich, without going too far,
told how the death conveyor worked in Volgolag. Like overseers
mocked him when, during a search, they discovered his poems on sheets of paper from under
paper bags. A miracle happened, these poems were preserved in the mid-90s

years were returned to Kim Katunin from the archives of the Yaroslavl Department of Internal Affairs. Kim himself
Vasilyevich was rehabilitated only in May 1956.
Reader 4
I wandered through Soviet prisons,
Giving vent to dark thoughts and tears...
I looked at the world with bitter bewilderment,
Not even believing my own eyes.
On the bunks at night, thinking - sighing,
I didn't understand anything around...
And in the morning in the feisty face of a spinning
I recognized my country with fear.
Through a long row of security officers' offices,
Through a continuous series of insults
I was coming to you, my country of the Soviets,
Which I wasn't to blame for.
I was condemned, like many in the barracks:
I went to prison for a couple of bold words,
For a couple of daring frank thoughts,
For the slogan against the ruling elite.
It was my fault that the truth was the uterus
I couldn’t hide it, I couldn’t hide it in my soul...
I went to prison for hating order,
To the order that did not allow us to live...
Presenter 1
The sad statistics are:
the number of prisoners on January 1, 1936 was 19,420
Human
on January 1, 1937 - 43,566 people.
on January 1, 1940, there were 63,047 people in Volgolag,
on August 1, 1941, 85,505 people.
The most tragic year in the history of Volgolag was 1942, when people died here
16,704 people.
According to various sources, a total of 120–180 thousand people died in Volgolag
Presenter 2
I ask those whose relatives were exiled from their homes to rise up.

I ask those whose relatives have known what exile is and
jail.
I ask those who are themselves children of exiles to rise up.
Presenter1
On this Remembrance Day, we will honor with a minute of silence those who did not live to see
today.
A MINUTE OF SILENCE IS ANNOUNCEED IN MEMORY OF THE PERSONS
We ask the commanders of expeditionary detachments and representatives of delegations to entrust
flowers for the foundation stone
Laying flowers at the Foundation Stone
ROLL CALL
Students with banners - portraits of former prisoners of Volgolag
line up
READER 5
When funeral candles burn,
And the hall fell silent in a moment of sorrow.
It seems to me that here, for this meeting,
The souls of our relatives are flying together.
They cry out to us while we still live,
And it seems we hear this voice:
“Dear ones, become kinder, better,
Light the candles, remember us"
Presenter 2
Prisoners of Volgolag at different times were:
Natalya Ilyinichna Sats

Founder of the world's first children's musical theater, first in the world
woman - opera director, theater figure, writer, teacher.
Pereborakh founded a theater called the Drumjazzorchestra, the basis
which were captured Polish musicians
Presenter 1


Sergei Ernestovich Radlov
World-famous director, student and associate of Meyerhold. In Perebory
organized a theater called “Jazzband of Enemies of the People”
Presenter 2

Anna Dmitrievna Radlova
Poetess of the Silver Age. Died in Volgolag, buried at
Alexander Cemetery
Reader 6
Stars will fall, people will fall,
Everything will tremble before him,
People won't find their way to their loved ones,
To the dead and to the poor living.
Fall to the ground, repent, praying,
And don't hide your face."
The black earth listens to the complaint.
Street. Song of the blind man.
His voice is like a ringing whip,
I remember the words by heart.
A sharp cry rolls across the world.
Cry, repentant Rus'.
Presenter 1

Nikolai Mikhailovich Yakushev
Famous Rybinsk poet
Presenter 2

Alexander Vladimirovich Evsyukov
Naval officer who planted the flag on Wrangel Island in 1924

Speech by rally participants
The floor is given…..
Presenter 1
They remind us of the heavy, bloody pages of the history of our Fatherland
hundreds of archival files, monuments and people - witnesses of those events. Let's do it too
Let's remember this. The main thing is to prevent a repetition of these events in
our history.
Presenter 2
We wish you health, long life, prosperous old age, prosperity
you and your families, as well as be insured against various disasters and
surprises!
In memory of today's rally, all participants are presented with memorable
booklets.
The meeting is closed. Thank you all for your participation.

Literature
1. Brodsky Yu.A. Solovki. Twenty years of Special Purpose. – M.: 2008. –
528 pp.
2. Names on the obelisk of the Memorial / Author's comp. Ryaboy V.I. - Rybinsk:
Rybinsk Compound, 1995. - 192 p.
3. Memorial. Newsletter No. 13 (October). – M.: 1999. 68 p.
4. Do not consign to oblivion: Book of memory of victims of political repression,
connected by destinies with the Yaroslavl region. Yaroslavl. T.4. 1997. – 432
With.
5. System of forced labor camps in the USSR, 1923 – 1960:
Directory. M., 1998. 600 p.
6. I have the honor to serve the Fatherland...": Collection of documents on history
internal affairs bodies of the Yaroslavl region at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 21st centuries.
/ Comp. A.M. Selivanov, N.P. Ryazantsev, Yu.G. Salova et al. Yaroslavl, 2002.
632 pp.

Sources

http://dmpokrov.livejournal.com/
http://www.memo.ru/
http://warrax.net/
http://www.memorial.yaroslavl.ru/
http://www.mmsk.ru/

It was such a terrible time.

The enemy of the people was the people themselves.

Any word, any topic...

And as the country progresses... forward!

N oh we remember! Now we know.

There are bans on everything, a seal on everyone...

The crowd of people was driven along the stage,

To make it easier to manage...

On July 2, 1937, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopted a resolution PB-51/94 “On Anti-Soviet Elements.” In pursuance of this, on August 5, 1937, the NKVD of the USSR issued order No. 0044, which marked the beginning of the operation of mass purges. By mid-November 1938, 681,692 death sentences had been issued without trial and carried out immediately. More than 1.7 million people were sent to camps.

Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression - takes place in Russia and other former USSR republics annually on October 30, starting in 1991. On this day, rallies and various cultural events are held, during which victims of political repression are remembered; some schools organize “live” history lessons to which witnesses to these tragic events are invited.

According to the Memorial human rights center, there are about 800 thousand victims in Russia (according to the Law on the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression, their number also includes children left without parental care).

Traditional venues for rallies and mourning events

- amara : Sign of memory in the park named after. Gagarin (during excavation work in this park, one of the places of mass graves of executed repressed people was discovered).

-Tomsk : A square in memory of the victims of Stalin's repressions, located next to the former NKVD building, which now houses the memorial museum "NKVD Investigation Prison". The Stone of Sorrow is installed in the park. In total, during the years of Stalin’s repressions, about 20 thousand Tomsk residents suffered from them.

Memorial stone to those politically repressed in Omsk:

Historical reference

October 30, 1974 - 36 years ago - Political Prisoner Day was marked by one- and two-day hunger strikes in the Mordovian and Perm camps, as well as in the Vladimir prison. This breadth of coverage was unwittingly facilitated by the camp administration, which suspected that something was being prepared and could not find anything better than to scatter the “conspirators” into different camps. The last place where they learned about the Day of Political Prisoners was Vladimir Prison.

At the same time, on October 30, A.D. Sakharov and the initiative group for the defense of human rights in the USSR organized a press conference.

Correspondents were given open letters from prisoners and other materials received from the camps and written specifically for the Day of Political Prisoners. Among them were letters, appeals and interviews with prisoners in Mordovian and Perm camps so that Mordovian materials could see the light of day.

Subsequently, Political Prisoner Day was also celebrated with hunger strikes in the camps. The largest number of participants in protests in the camps was noted in 1981, when about 300 political prisoners took part in hunger strikes and strikes.

Since 1978, the Country and World Society has annually published on October 30 the “List of Political Prisoners of the USSR.”

Since 1987, Political Prisoner Day has been accompanied by demonstrations in Moscow, Leningrad, Lvov, Tbilisi, etc. If dozens of people took part in the first demonstrations, then in 1988 there were already hundreds; the number of participants in the “human chain” organized by the public organization “Memorial” around the KGB building on October 30, 1989 was already from 2 to 10 thousand, and demonstrations took place in dozens cities from Kaliningrad to Irkutsk. In 1987-1988, demonstrations were dispersed, and their active participants (V.V. Navodvorskaya) were arrested for 15 days. Later, the authorities came to terms with the demonstrations; in 1990, KGB representatives even laid a wreath at the Solovetsky Stone.

On October 30, 1990, on Dzerzhinsky Square (now Lubyanka), a boulder was installed, brought from the Solovetsky Islands, where in the 20s-30s of the last century there was one of the most terrible Soviet camps - the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp (SLON), in which About a million people were killed. The inscription was carved on the stone: “This stone was delivered from the territory of the Solovetsky special purpose camp by the Memorial Society and installed in memory of the millions of victims of the totalitarian regime on October 30, 1990, the Day of Political Prisoners in the USSR.” The funeral service for those killed was celebrated by Father Gleb Yakunin.

From that moment on, Solovetsky Stone became one of those places in Moscow where victims of repression can remember their relatives and friends.

In 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, October 30 was declared a national day of remembrance for victims of political repression. And on October 18, 1991, the Law of the Russian Federation “On the rehabilitation of victims of political repression” was adopted.

The state admitted guilt to the citizens of its country for the crimes of the Bolshevik party-Soviet regime.

In 2004, by Decree of the Governor of the Omsk Region, the Committee for the Protection of the Rights of Rehabilitated Victims of Political Repression of the Administration of the Government of the Omsk Region was created.

“...The future of Russia and its people does not lie in returning to the past, but in moving forward, in persistent and persistent creative work. The older generation, who survived the repressions, remembers this tragic time. Victims of political terror appeal to the memory of their descendants. Our duty is to restore historical justice, to justify the honest names of the slandered and innocently repressed citizens of Russia.” These are the words from the Omsk Book of Memory of Victims of Political Repression “Not Subject to Oblivion,” created over the course of more than ten years by the creative editorial team by order of Governor L.K. Polezhaev (1995).

The published eleven volumes of the Book of Memory are a stunningly powerful historical document, composed of painfully brief, just a few lines, descriptions of the destinies of innocently convicted people: born, worked, arrested, convicted under Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, shot (in bold) or served his sentence... rehabilitated for lack of corpus delicti. Thirty-two thousand of our fellow countrymen, forever written in alphabetical order on the pages of eleven 400-page volumes! The Book also contains more detailed essays about the fates of those repressed, as well as documents from that time, and other materials.

In an interview with the newspaper “Omsky Vestnik” dated July 25, 2007, “Crying over the hair, removing the head,” an employee of the book’s editorial office, a member of the Union of Writers of Russia, the famous poetess Tatyana Georgievna Chetverikova says: “The published eleven volumes of the Book of Memory, as it seems to us, in some This has changed the climate in the region. He became warmer and more trusting, because thousands of Omsk residents learned about the fate of their loved ones who died during the years of repression. Many, many good names of citizens, our fellow countrymen were restored: peasants, workers, doctors, teachers, clergy...". The State Archive of the Omsk Region contains about thirty thousand files on repressed peasants. There is a need to publish new volumes of the Book of Memory dedicated to the dispossession of peasants: the robbery and expulsion of thousands and thousands of families from their native land.

“...Most of the victims were children. Those who had to grow up with an unhealed wound in their hearts and yet, in a difficult hour for their homeland, stand up and protect it at the cost of their lives. They and their parents, hardworking peasants, deserve to be remembered so that there are no broken links in the chain of our family trees. This is especially important for our children, let them know how deep and strong their roots are in their native land.”

In 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, October 30 was declared a national day of remembrance for victims of political repression. On this day, former prisoners, their relatives and friends gather at memorial signs and at mass grave sites to honor the memory of the victims and demonstrate their firm commitment to never allow a return to lawlessness.

The Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression is a special day. This is a sad date in our history. It is impossible to leave it without the attention of the younger generation, since historical and artistic material on this issue contributes to the formation of civic qualities of the individual, an active life position, and makes it possible to form the moral foundations of every young person. At the same time, this is a complex and controversial date - the day of repentance of the state before its people, and when holding events on this topic, it is necessary to present any information related to this topic as objectively and historically as possible.

Events dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression are recommended to be carried out with middle and high school students. On this topic, you can design exhibitions, hold rallies, memorial hours, invite real witnesses and participants in the tragic events of the past, design stands and library posters, discuss literary works dedicated to the topic of the consequences of the regime of political terror for an individual, people, and the state as a whole (Shalamov V .T. - “Kolyma Tales”, A. A. Akhmatova - “Requiem”, A. I. Solzhenitsyn - “The Gulag Archipelago”, E. I. Zamyatin - “We”, A. P. Platonov - “The Pit”) . The purpose of such events is to arouse in schoolchildren interest and an emotional response to the events of the history of our country during the times of totalitarianism and Stalinist repression, and to form an idea of the inadmissibility of state lawlessness against citizens.

Annex 1.

Full text of Dmitry Medvedev's address

on the occasion of the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression (2009)

Today is the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. 18 years have passed since this day appeared on the calendar as a memorable date.

I am convinced that the memory of national tragedies is as sacred as the memory of victories. And it is extremely important that young people have not only historical knowledge, but also civic feelings. They were able to emotionally empathize with one of the greatest tragedies in Russian history. But here everything is not so simple.

Two years ago, sociologists conducted a survey - almost 90% of our citizens, young citizens aged 18 to 24, could not even name the names of famous people who suffered or died from repression in those years. And this, of course, cannot but worry.

It is impossible to imagine the scale of the terror from which all the peoples of the country suffered. Its peak occurred in 1937–1938. Alexander Solzhenitsyn called the endless “stream” of those repressed at that time “the Volga of people’s grief.” Over the course of 20 pre-war years, entire strata and classes of our people were destroyed. The Cossacks were practically eliminated. The peasantry was dispossessed and bled dry. The intelligentsia, workers, and military personnel were subjected to political persecution. Representatives of absolutely all religious denominations were persecuted.

October 30 is the Day of Remembrance of millions of crippled destinies. About people shot without trial or investigation, about people sent to camps and exile, deprived of civil rights for the “wrong” occupation or for the notorious “social origin.” The stigma of “enemies of the people” and their “accomplices” then fell on entire families.

Let's just think about it: millions of people have died as a result of terror and false accusations - millions. They were deprived of all rights. Even the rights to a decent human burial, and for many years their names were simply erased from history.

But you can still hear that these numerous victims were justified by some higher state goals.

I am convinced that no development of the country, no successes, no ambitions can be achieved at the cost of human grief and loss.

Nothing can be placed above the value of human life.

And there is no justification for repression.

We pay a lot of attention to the fight against falsification of our history. And for some reason we often believe that we are talking only about the inadmissibility of revising the results of the Great Patriotic War.

But it is no less important to prevent, under the guise of restoring historical justice, the justification of those who destroyed their people.

It is also true that Stalin’s crimes cannot detract from the exploits of the people who won the Great Patriotic War. Made our country a powerful industrial power. Raised our industry, science, and culture to the world level.

It is equally important to study the past, overcome indifference and the desire to forget its tragic sides. And no one but ourselves will do this.

A year ago, in September, I was in Magadan. The Ernst Neizvestny Memorial “Mask of Sorrow” made a deep impression on me. After all, it was erected not only with state funds, but also with donations.

We need museum and memorial centers that will pass on the memory of what we experienced from generation to generation. Of course, work must continue to search for places of mass graves, restore the names of the victims, and, if necessary, their rehabilitation.

Without the complex history, the essentially contradictory history of our state, it is often simply impossible to understand the roots of many of our problems, the difficulties of today's Russia.

But I would like to say again: no one but ourselves will solve our problems. It will not instill in children respect for the law, respect for human rights, for the value of human life, for moral standards that originate in our national traditions and in our religion.

No one except ourselves will preserve historical memory and pass it on to new generations.

Appendix 2.

Repression: how it happened

Scenario for the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression

The music “Requiem” is playing.

1st presenter: Good afternoon dear friends! Our meeting is held on the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression. And we will begin it with verses:

2nd presenter:Everyone,
who was branded by Article fifty-eight,
who even in a dream was surrounded by dogs, a fierce escort,
who in court, without trial, by special meeting
was doomed to a prison uniform until the grave,
who was betrothed to fate with shackles, thorns, chains,
They are our tears and sorrow, our eternal memory!

1st presenter: October 30 was not chosen as the Day of Victims of Repression by chance: 19 years before, this day was chosen, if you like, by God. On this day in 1972, Yuri Galanskov died in a Mordovian camp, having received a sentence for his protest against the imprisonment of Sinyavsky and Daniel, writers convicted of publishing their stories abroad.

Two years later, in October 1974, a group of Galanskov’s convicts managed to convey to the public a proposal to celebrate this day throughout the world as the Day of Political Prisoners. This is what was accepted by the international community. And it was carried out in Soviet camps - through hunger strikes - despite the inevitable punishment cells, bans on visits, transfers to prison regime and other delights. Until 1974, another date was celebrated as the Day of Political Prisoners - September 5 - the anniversary of the famous decree of 1918 “On the Red Terror”, which, in addition to the execution of “all persons related to White Guard organizations, conspiracies and rebellions, introduced concentration camps in Soviet Russia...”.

2nd presenter:The presidential decree marked the new state's break with the repressive Soviet regime. To what extent this gap is confirmed by new practice, we can judge for ourselves.

But did the president, when signing his decree, think about the fact that the word “repression” hardly corresponds to what happened with the establishment of Soviet power in our country.

3rd presenter:Not the thousands of engineers arrested in connection with the “Shakhty case”; nor the hundreds of thousands tortured, shot, and killed in 1937–1938. party members who naively believed that they, the mind, honor and conscience of the era, were building a bright future for all working people; nor the millions of peasants who believed in the “new economic policy” announced in 1921 and who, 7 years later, found themselves victims of the “policy of eliminating the kulaks as a class.” Neither the executed marshals and generals - almost the entire Soviet generals, nor the poets: Gumilyov, Tabidze, Smelyakov, Zabolotsky - fought against the authorities; neither the artists - Ruslanova, Dvorzhetsky, Mikhoels, nor the author of the trajectory of the future American flight to the Moon Kondratyuk, or the future head of the Soviet space program Korolev, or the aircraft designer Tupolev, nor the geneticists Vavilov, Pantin, Timofeev-Resovsky, nor our physicist Rumer, astronomer Kozyrev, historian Gumilyov, not the completely destroyed Jewish anti-fascist committee, not the victims of the post-war “Leningrad affair”, not to mention the millions of captured soldiers...

The largest camps in which prisoners served their sentences were located on Solovki and Kolyma. The conditions of detention of prisoners in these camps led to great loss of life. The security on Solovki consisted of OGPU employees who were convicted of sins in their service and were sent to Solovki for correction. And they did arbitrariness there. New prisoners were greeted with the words: “This is not the Soviet Republic, but the Solovetsky Republic!” Get it! The prosecutor has never set foot on Solovetsky soil, and never will! Know! You weren't sent here to fix it! You can’t fix a hunchback.”

There were only two escapes from the Solovetsky Islands. There were different measures for killing people. Of the 84 thousand, 43 thousand people died.

Over the years, 2.5 million people served their sentences in Kolyma, of which 950 thousand died. They died from exhaustion and related diseases. The size of the ration became the main means for the camp administration to force prisoners to give all their best at work. Shock workers were entitled to increased rations and the possibility of early release, and those who did not fulfill the quota had their rations mercilessly cut.

Since 1938, they began to carry out mass executions, thereby getting rid of unwanted prisoners.

4th presenter: This is not repression , This - stupid violence, which can’t even be called political. Simply the violence of power, which feels itself to be power only in acts of violence, the more causeless, the more delightful!

The Soviet regime did not invent anything new in this regard. If you think about it, violenceserved as the main productive force. True, this system was unable to produce anything but violence. But she produced this on an expanding scale.

1st presenter:Years of the “Great Terror”(1937-38) claimed a hitherto unknown number of lives of our compatriots. They even amaze officially published results of this company: 1,344,923 arrested, 681,692 executed.The famous historian R. Conquest gives other numbers: 12-14 million arrested, at least 1 million. shot; Commission of the Central Committee (1962) and even more: 19 million arrested, at least 7 million executed.

As it were, both names - Yezhovshchina and Great Terror - are inaccurate. The NKVD, which carried out mass arrests and executions in those years, was indeed headed by N. Yezhov, but the idea of this action was not his. If we were to associate this with someone’s name, then we should call the word Stalinism. Suffice it to remember that during the great terror, members of the Central Committee were destroyed - almost all of Lenin’s closest associates, 95% of the top generals - the creators of Lenin’s Red Army. All of them are by no means enemies of Stalin, much less of the Soviet regime.

1st reader:

No, and not under an alien sky,
And not under the protection of alien wings, -
I was then with my people,
Where my people, unfortunately, were.

These are lines from Anna Akhmatova's Requiem.During the terrible years of the Yezhovshchina, she spent seventeen months in prison lines in Leningrad. One day someone “identified” her. Then the woman standing behind her with blue lips, who, of course, had never heard her name in her life, woke up from her characteristic daze and asked her in her ear (everyone there spoke in a whisper):

– Can you describe this?

And Akhmatova said:

- Can.

Then something like a smile crossed what had once been her face.

2nd reader:

Mountains bend before this grief,
The great river does not flow
But the prison gates are strong,
And behind them are “convict holes”,
And mortal melancholy.
For some the wind is blowing fresh,
For someone the sunset is basking -
We don't know, we're the same everywhere
We only hear the hateful grinding of keys
Yes, the soldiers' steps are heavy.
They rose as if to early mass,
They walked through the wild capital,
We met there, more lifeless dead,
The sun is lower and the Neva is foggy,
And hope still sings in the distance.
Sentence…. And immediately the tears will flow,
Already separated from everyone,
As if with pain the life was taken out of the heart,
As if rudely knocked over,
But she walks...Wobbles...Alone.
Where are the involuntary friends now?
My two crazy years?
What do they imagine in the Siberian blizzard?
What do they see in the lunar circle?
To them I send my farewell greetings.

2nd presenter: The Great Terror was carefully planned - as a kind of military operation. Moreover, the murder of Kirov on December 1, 1934 only outwardly looked like a reason for unleashing terror; rather, it was one of the measures of his personnel and psychological preparation.

The plan of the Great Terror itself, with a breakdown of the entire population into groups and categories, percentage standards for each category and limits on arrests and executions by region and republic, was submitted by Yezhov for approval by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on July 2, 1937. Liquidation or imprisonment was subject to not only the remnants of the “hostile classes” (including children), former members of hostile parties and participants in the white movement (and their children), but also communists - former members of all opposition movements in the CPSU (b) - 383 lists of the most prominent party and government figures.

3rd reader:

It was when I smiled
Only dead, glad for peace.
And dangled like an unnecessary pendant
Leningrad is near its prisons.
And when, maddened by torment,
The already condemned regiments were marching,
And a short song of parting
The locomotive whistles sang,
The death stars stood above us
And innocent Rus' writhed
Under bloody boots
And under the black tires there is Marussia.

3rd presenter:Ideologically, the Great Terror was justified back in 1928 by Stalin’s thesis about the intensification of the class struggle as we move towards socialism; this thesis was proven by the repressions themselves: “Shakhtinsky trial” - summer of 1928, more than 2000 engineers were arrested, 5 of them were shot; the process of the “Industrial Party” - 1930, Chayanov and Kondratiev - world-class economists - were shot; “case of sabotage at power plants” - 1933, hundreds of specialists were arrested in Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Baku.

4th reader:

And the stone word fell
On my still living chest.
It's okay, because I was ready
I'll deal with this somehow.
I have a lot to do today:
We must completely kill our memory,
It is necessary for the soul to turn to stone,
We must learn to live again.
Otherwise... The hot rustle of summer,
It's like a holiday outside my window.
I've been anticipating this for a long time
Bright day and empty house.

4th presenter:On November 25, 1938, Beria was appointed to the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, most of the Yezhov investigators were arrested and shot, 327,400 “Yezhov” prisoners were released. Yezhov himself was appointed People's Commissar of Water Transport, then this People's Commissariat was abolished, and Yezhov was arrested and shot. But his arrest, trial and execution were never officially reported; only the word “Yezhovshchina” appeared in the language, but it was not used officially either.

Counting in the millions, the number of victims of the Great Terror remains uncertain; their burial places are discovered by chance. The heirs of the NKVD are doing everything to prevent the publication of the executed lists. For example, a mass grave was discovered in Karelia near Medvezhyegorsk. Here on October 27, 1937, 1,111 people were shot.

5th reader:

I learned how faces fall,
How fear peeks out from under your eyelids,
Like cuneiform hard pages
Suffering appears on the cheeks,
Like curls of ashen and black
They suddenly become silver,
The smile fades on the lips of the submissive,
And fear trembles in the dry laugh.
And I’m not praying for myself alone,
And about everyone who stood there with me
And in the bitter cold and in the July heat
Under the red, blind wall.

2nd presenter:But there was another result of BT - the one for which all these hecatombs of corpses were piled up - the completion of the creation of a system of violence as the productive force of society. This is also mentioned above. One way or another, the “cleansing”, to use modern slang, was carried out, although its terms had to be extended twice, as well as regional limits on executions had to be increased (based on requests from the localities). Socialism, as the leader and teacher understood it, was “basically” built on 1/6 of the land. It was possible to move on to preparing its distribution to the remaining 5/6.

Music sounds. Oginsky's Polonaise “Farewell to the Motherland.”

1st presenter: Insure yourself against numerous professions.
2nd presenter: Insure yourself against the proletarians of all countries.
3rd presenter: Insure yourself against political repression.
4th presenter: Insure yourself against funeral telegrams.
1st presenter: Protect yourself from discolored skies.
2nd presenter: Insure yourself from the inevitable fuss.
3rd presenter: Insure yourself against the impersonal sky.
4th presenter: Insure yourself from hopeless fuss.

1st presenter:Dear guests! We wish you health, long life, a prosperous old age, prosperity for you and your families, and also to be insured against various disasters and surprises!

*************************************************************************************************

Appendix 3.

There can be no oblivion

Scenario of literary and musical composition,

dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression

To everyone who was branded under Article fifty-eight,

who even in a dream was surrounded by dogs, a fierce escort,

who in court, without trial, by special meeting

was doomed to a prison uniform until the grave,

who was betrothed to fate with shackles, thorns, chains,

Our tears and sorrow belong to them, our eternal memory!

Tariverdiev “Two in a cafe”, 3. Slide War

Many severe trials, sacrifices, and hardships befell our country in the 20th century. Two world wars and a civil war, famine and

Devastation and political instability claimed tens of millions of lives, forcing the reconstruction of the destroyed country again and again.

But even against this background, political repression became a terrible page in our history. Moreover, humiliated and destroyed

the best of the best, who never even dreamed of fighting against their people. Thousands of engineers, hundreds of thousands tortured, executed,

ruined party members, millions of peasants who found themselves victims of dispossession, marshals and generals, scientists and poets, writers and artists who were truly devoted to the Motherland.

Chopin "E minor", 4. Slide "boy"

Nowadays we know incredible numbers of people executed, repressed, imprisoned, and scattered in orphanages.

Only according to incomplete data their number exceeds ten million people. The system fought against completely innocent people, inventing an enemy for itself,

and then mercilessly destroying these people.

Doga “Waltz”, 5. Slide “Burning Candle”

Much has been written about the mass repressions of the 1930s. Many camp memoirs and manuscripts of former prisoners of Kolyma and the Gulag have been published, and documents from the NKVD archives have become available. But the most impassive witnesses in the court of history are letters from camp prisoners.

“Polonaise” by Oginsky, 8. Slide "Archival documents"

Letter

May 5, 1938 “My dear Anechka, Lorochka and Lyalechka! Yesterday we were brought to Kotlas. We are now at the transit point of the Ukhtapechora NKVD camp. From here they must be sent to a place where they will have to serve out their long term of camp imprisonment. When and where the shipment will take place is unknown. What kind of work you will have to do is also still unknown...”

July 8, 1938 “.. I am writing from the Ustvymlag transit point. They brought me here the day before yesterday, and from here they will take me further to Zheldorlag. It seems that this will be the last stage of our journey to the place of our imprisonment... My whole soul, my whole spirit is only you, my dears. Don't forget yours

unfortunate daddy... Be healthy. I kiss you deeply, deeply. Your father"

September 11, 1938 “...Today I am sent for treatment to point 42, and from there to Knyazh-Pogost, obviously, to an inpatient hospital. Bye

It doesn't matter to me at all. I’m all swollen and swollen, I can’t walk, I’m suffocating. But I hope that all this is a temporary phenomenon and with good treatment in the hospital

Everything will pass quickly and I will be able to work. Be healthy. I kiss you deeply, deeply. Your father"

Chopin "E minor" 9. Slide “Crying wives”

The largest camps in which prisoners served their sentences were located on Solovki and Kolyma. Conditions of detention

prisoners in these camps resulted in great loss of life.

With the receipt of operational order No. 00486 of August 15, 1937, arrests of wives of traitors to the Motherland began throughout the country.

10-11. Slide "Camps"

Tariverdiev “Two in a cafe”, 12. Slide "Father's arrest", 13. Letter

From the memoirs of the daughter of the professor, head of the department of Kazan University, Deputy People's Commissar of Education of the TASSR Galina Tarasova:

“Father was arrested on the night of January 26-27, 1937. The days of bewildered silence and fear have come. Every night they took away one of the neighbors. Our yard is empty, no kids. They stopped coming to our house. Neither my mother nor my brother and I believed that our father was guilty. In March, the director called my mother and offered to leave work of her own free will. We had absolutely nothing to live on. On the night of August 20-21, my mother was arrested. When she was arrested, she was told that she did not need to take anything with her. So in prison she ended up wearing only a summer dress, but in the camp she went barefoot. Kind people shared their clothes with her when she walked along the stage, barely alive.

For two years she did not know where her children were or what was happening to them. Mom will sit in the corner of the cell, look at the constantly burning light bulb and remain silent. My brother and I were sent to an orphanage.”

Melody Clauderman, 14. Slide "Burning tree"

As throughout the country, repressions in the Omsk region were widespread and affected all levels of society. In total, about 32,000 people were affected.

15. Slide shoe

In our village there are witnesses to those ancient and terrible events. They were torn from their usual life, experienced hunger and cold, and separation from relatives.

Tariverdiev “Two in a cafe”, 16-37 Slides “Repressed”

How can family forget? Karl Emmanuilovich Shaibel about that terrible time? A wave of repression overtook their family in 1941. They lived in the Saratov region, in the Volga region. He even remembers the exact date to this day - August 28. My father was taken to the labor army, and the entire village was told to take no more than one suitcase with them and prepare for eviction. He was then four years old. They were evicted to the Tyumen region, Ishim station. They were separated from their mother, she was sent to the labor army, and he and his younger brother, who was a little over a year old, were sent to an orphanage. They stayed there for three months, and the fear of getting lost forced them to hold hands the entire time. By some incredibly lucky chance, when they were about to evacuate the orphanage, it turned out that the mother was working nearby. And it’s quite a miracle that she managed to get them out, beg them from the authorities, take them from the orphanage with her. And now they are already traveling in calf carriages to Vorkuta, but the fear that they will now be separated again, taken away from their mother, makes them hide under bunk and beg mom not to tell anyone that they are there.

On the way, the only bundle was stolen and they were left in what they were wearing when they arrived at the place of settlement at the Zapolyarny state farm. It was a colony. They were housed in a barracks where more than 200 people lived. The mother worked for days, and they were left alone. The living conditions were unbearable: hunger, bedbugs, rats. Women with older children lived on the second tier, and with infants on the lower bunks. This is how rats chewed off babies' fingers while they slept. Karl Emmanuilovich remembers all this as if it were yesterday. All this time they knew nothing about their father. There was no news about him for 10 years. The mother wrote to all authorities, many times, repeatedly, and one day she received an answer that he was in Yakutia, in the gold mines. He answered their letters and even sent money so that the mother and children could come to him. Having received this money, she bought clothes for the children, and distributed the rest to the same lonely and needy women she lived next to. Later, the father himself returned to them, the family united. The children studied, Karl Emmanuilovich graduated from the Izhevsk Medical Institute and was assigned to Yakutia, where he met his future wife and moved with her to Muromtsevo. This is fate.

Stepushkina Lyubov Lavrovna. They had an ordinary peasant family - father, mother, five children. A little arable land, a house, a horse and a cow, one problem - my father was literate. They fell under dispossession. Everything was taken away from them, life became unbearable, and the father was forced to move with his family to the Krasnodar region to live with relatives. Living here already, he, perhaps by chance,

let slip that he was dispossessed, and later they found out that this was done through a denunciation. He was taken away and shot at the age of 45. Then half the village was arrested and the children were taken away in an unknown direction. Children were taken away from their mothers, but their mother hid in the cellars for a long time, so she saved all five. She raised them alone. Is it possible to convey how difficult it was for her then? For everyone, they were enemies of the people, and wherever they turned for help, they were driven out from everywhere. The children had nothing to wear or put on. They waited for each other to grab clothes and go to school, even becoming swollen from hunger. But their mother went out, raised them all, and died without ever receiving news from their father. “Mom waited for him until her death, believed that he was alive, that he would return, he was not to blame for anything!” - Lyubov Lavrovna recalled. One day, to her next request to government agencies, she received an unexpectedly quick answer: he died in custody from anemia, and they even awarded him a pension. And in 1938, the NKVD “troika” sentenced him to death. They were shot in a prison in Minusinsk on the banks of the Abakan River. There were many of them then, sentenced to death, they were taken ashore, shot, and their corpses were thrown into the river. To this day, Lyubov Lavrovna remembers everything.

With. 1
Scenario "Day of Remembrance of the Repressed"

Today we have gathered here to honor the memory of those who became victims of political repression, that most terrible page in our history.

Presenter 1.

Everyone,
Who was branded by Article fifty-eight,

Who even in a dream was surrounded by dogs, a fierce escort,
Who in court, without trial, by special meeting
Was doomed to a prison uniform until the grave,
Who was betrothed to fate with shackles, thorns, chains,
To them are our tears and sorrow, our eternal memory!

Presenter 2:

Many severe trials, sacrifices, and hardships befell our country in the 20th century. Two world wars and a civil war, famine and devastation, political instability claimed tens of millions of lives, forcing the restoration of the destroyed country again and again.

Presenter 3:

Against this background, political repression became a terrible page in our history. Moreover, the best of the best, who never even dreamed of fighting against their people, were humiliated and destroyed. Thousands of engineers, hundreds of thousands of tortured, shot, murdered party members, millions of peasants who were victims of dispossession, marshals and generals, scientists and poets, writers and artists who were truly devoted to the Motherland.

Presenter 4:

Nowadays we know incredible numbers of people executed, repressed, imprisoned, and scattered in orphanages. Only according to incomplete data their number exceeds ten million people. The system fought against completely innocent people, inventing an enemy for itself, and then mercilessly destroyed these people. Eternal memory to those who died innocently. A minute of silence is announced.

Presenter 1

Annually October 30 Since 1991, Russia and the former USSR countries have celebrated the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression. On this memorable day, mourning actions and commemorative events take place: rallies, laying of wreaths and flowers at monuments to the repressed, “memory lessons” in educational institutions, etc.

Presenter 2

- Today is the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression, as confirmation that nothing is forgotten - neither a high feat, nor a vile betrayal, nor a black crime. It is the sacred duty of the state to return their good name to all innocent victims.
Presenter 3. It was such a terrible time.

The enemy of the people was the people themselves.

Any word, any topic...

And as the country progresses... forward!

But we remember! Now we know.

There are bans on everything, a seal on everyone...

The crowd of people was driven along the stage,

To make it easier to manage...

Presenter 1.

The repressions that took place in the USSR can be divided into several stages:

Stage 1: political repression by the Bolsheviks V Soviet Russia which started immediately after October revolution 1917, as well as during the Civil War. At the same time, not only active political opponents became victims of repression. Bolsheviks, but also people who simply expressed disagreement with their policies.

Presenter 4.

Stage 2: started with forced collectivization of agriculture And accelerated industrialization at the end 1920 -x - early 1930s, as well as strengthening Stalin's personal power. Many researchers consider those convicted under Stalin's repressions to be victims of Art. 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR 1926 (“counter-revolutionary crimes”), as well as victims dispossession(early 1930s). In the second half of the 30s in Buryat-Mongolia, the closure of churches, temples, houses of worship, monasteries, and datsans continued. Compared to other indicators, the special services were most successful in fighting “pests in robes.” Particular emphasis was placed on the fight against the Buddhist clergy.

Presenter 1.

Stage 3 of Stalin’s repressions in history is called the policy of “Great Terror”. In May 1936, a “Special Folder” of the Buryat-Mongol OK CPSU(b) was prepared, which contained special recommendations on methods for reducing the number of Buryat lamas. According to the materials of the database of the Republican Book of Memory of Victims of Political Repression, 101 clergymen of the Orthodox Church, 1701 people of the Buddhist Church, and 24 people of the Old Believer Church were repressed. In March 1937, the NKVD was purged, then the prosecutor's office and the courts. In May 1937, the Great Terror unfolded and lasted until the end of 1938. It became the peak of Stalin’s repressions.

Presenter 2.

Subsequently, the repressions were more orderly. In the pre-war years, the mass eviction of entire peoples began. The victims of deportation were Poles, Kurds, Koreans, Buryats and other peoples. 3.5 million is the number of people repressed on ethnic grounds from the mid-40s to 1961. The deportation affected 14 nations entirely and 48 partially. In the post-war years, repression was applied to prisoners, enemies of the people who went over to the side of the fascists. According to the KGB of the USSR in 1930-1953. 3,778,234 people were subjected to repression, of which 786,098 were shot, and the rest were sent to the giant slave farms of the Gulag system.

Presenter 3.

The largest camps in which prisoners served their sentences were located on Solovki, Kolyma, and Kazakhstan. As a result, all forced labor camps were included in a single system of the Main Directorate of Camps and Settlement Places (GULAG). This is how a system of camps was formed that covered almost the entire country. In Buryatia, already from the 20s, there was a network of small and large camps, which later merged into Bamlag. In 1940 after Bamlag was transferred to Taishet (Irkutsk region), Dzhidalag was created in the Zakamensky district for the construction of the Dzhidinsky plant.

Prisoners were used in the most difficult and dangerous work: underground mining of ore and coal and their processing, logging, construction of industrial and civil facilities. Forced labor, poor nutrition and difficult living conditions led to rapid physical exhaustion of prisoners. Thus, we see that Buryatia was also an integral part of the Gulag.

Presenter 4. The conditions of detention of prisoners in these camps led to great loss of life. The wives of prisoners and their children, as a rule, were also subjected to repression. Women were sent to camps and forced labor. And the children either go to camps or orphanages. The wildest stories happened, for example, “When the former People’s Commissar of Finance G. Sokolnikov and his wife, writer G. Serebryakova, were arrested, their young daughter spent two days in the sandbox near the house until the NKVD car arrived - none of the neighbors came up to her or caressed her.” , didn’t feed me, didn’t give me shelter.” People were simply afraid.

Presenter 1. Here is the story of Gelya MARKIZOVA. This is the daughter of the Minister of Agriculture of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1936, at one of the receptions, she presented Stalin with a bouquet with the words: “These flowers are given to you by the children of Buryat-Mongolia.” The leader took Gelya in his arms and kissed her. The next day, a photograph of Stalin with Gelya in his arms and the caption: “Thanks to Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood” appeared in the newspapers.

And in 1937, her dad was taken away. For “ten years without the right of correspondence.” And posters with her and Stalin continued to be printed throughout the Soviet country. Everyone knew her, but under a new name - Mamlakat Nakhangova, a young cotton picker who received the Order of Lenin. Gelya and her mother ended up in exile in Kazakhstan.

Presenter 2. How many of them were there, innocently killed, buried alive in the Gulags, sometimes forgotten out of fear even by their relatives? Think about this number. In 1934, the Writers' Union included 2,500 people. And 2000 were repressed!

Why? For what?

Akhmatova Anna. The husband was shot, the son was repressed. They didn't print.

Klyuev Nikolay. In 1934, he was expelled to the Narym region on false charges of “kulak agitation.” Died in Tomsk prison.

Mandelstam Osip. Poet, translator, critic. Illegally repressed.

Tsvetaeva Marina. Poetess, prose writer, translator. Husband and daughter were repressed. She committed suicide.

Barkova Anna. Poetess. She was serving a prison sentence on unfounded charges.

Vasilenko Victor. Poet, art critic. From 1947 to 1956 he served imprisonment on unfounded charges.

Andreev Daniil. From 1947 to 1956 he served imprisonment in Vladimir prison on unfounded charges.

Presenter 3: Anna Akhmatova did not leave Russia. She was not in prison, but for seventeen months she knew nothing about her only son, and she spent three hundred days and nights in line for prison.

I wish I could show you the mocker

And the favorite of all friends,

To the cheerful sinner of Tsarskoye Selo,

What will happen to your life -

Like a three hundredth, with transmission,

You will stand under the Crosses

And with my hot tears

Burn through New Year's ice.

How the prison poplar sways

And not a sound - but how much is there

Innocent lives are ending...

Presenter 4: Often, many poetic lines were preserved not on paper, but in memory. Humiliated, but not broken, the poets tried to find an answer to the question “Why?” Many firmly believed in the infallibility of Stalin and the authorities, they wrote lines full of bewilderment and faith.

To date, many camp memoirs, manuscripts of former prisoners of Kolyma and Gulag have been published, and documents from the archives of the NKVD have become known. But the most dispassionate witnesses in the court of history are letters from camp prisoners. Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s work “The Gulag Archipelago” is known, which was included in the compulsory school literature curriculum for high school students.

Presenter 1. For many decades, the Soviet state not only destroyed millions of repressed people, it sought to erase the memory of people. Destroying the memory of a person is one of the forms of repression. Today, more than two thousand citizens live in Buryatia who suffered from political repression. 20 thousand people were repressed in the republic, of which 6 thousand were shot in 1937-1938. Therefore, restoring memory in the form of monuments is one of the forms of rehabilitation in the eyes of contemporaries and future generations.

Presenter 2. The first monuments and memorial signs in memory of the victims of political repression were installed on the territory of the USSR in 1989. Today, in the Russian Federation and the countries of the former USSR, more than 1,200 monuments and memorial signs (including memorial plaques) to victims of political repression have been installed.

The most famous monuments in Russia:

"Solovetsky Stone on Lubyanka Square in Moscow,

Monument "Mask of Sorrow" - in Magadan,

Memorial complex "Katyn" - in the Smolensk region.

Memorial complex "Mednoye" - in the Tver region.

Memorial cemetery in the Sandromakh tract - in Karelia

Memorial signs at the Levashovsky cemetery near St. Petersburg

Monument to the victims of Stalin's repressions - in Vladivostok

Monument to the victims of Stalin's repressions - in Kyzyl, Republic of Tyva

Monument to victims of terror - in Tomsk

Memorial at the site of mass graves of victims of repressions of 1937-1940 - in the village. Pivovarikha, Irkutsk region.

Presenter 3. Many monuments and memorial signs have been installed in Russian regions. For example, in Ulan-Ude in 2008, a monument appeared on Linkhovoina Street, where there is a two-story building in which the NKVD was located in the 30s. The memory of those who died during the years of repression is also honored in regional centers, towns, villages and hamlets.

In 2006, a monument to the victims of political repression in Zaigraevo appeared, located opposite the district administration.

Presenter 4. Preserving the historical memory of the people about the terrible events of the recent past will help avoid their repetition in the future.

The Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression in Russia is a reminder to us of the tragic pages in the history of the country, when innocently repressed citizens of their native country died and suffered from the cruelty of politicians and new transformations in the country. Preserving the historical memory of the people about the terrible events of the recent past will help to understand the roots of these phenomena and avoid their repetition in the future.

I ask one thing from those living at this time: don’t forget!

Don't forget the good or the bad. The time will come when the present will become

To the past, when they will talk about the great time and the nameless

heroes who made history. It is necessary for everyone to know that there were no nameless heroes,

And there were people who had their own name, their own appearance, their own aspirations and hopes, and therefore

The torment of the most unnoticed of them was no less than the torment of the one whose name will go down in history. Let these people be close to us, like friends, like family...
With. 1