Geographical features named after travelers on the world map. List of Russian and foreign navigators

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev was born on November 3 (14), 1788 into the noble family of a senator, a representative of a side branch of the Armenian aristocratic family of Abamelek-Lazarevs, the ruler of the Vladimir governorship. Shortly before his death, in 1800, the senator assigned three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps.

st. Manezhny deadlock, 2a

st. Manezhny deadlock, 2v
On the site of house No. 2a on a high earthen rampart (now Manezhny dead end) there was a wooden house where the family of the civil governor Lazarev lived.

In the place where Gagarin Street intersects with the Manezhny dead end, the house of the civil governor was located, where the future admiral Mikhail Lazarev was born in 1788.
In 1793, the Lazarev family moved to Georgievskaya Street (nowadays, and the dilapidated house on Tsaritsynskaya was demolished in 1794.

City of Vladimir, Georgievskaya, no. 3. The future admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev lived in this house until 1797.

But the memorial plaque is installed on house No. 26 on B. Moskovskaya Street.

In 1803, he passed the exam for the title of midshipman, becoming the third best performer out of 32 students. In December 1805 he was promoted to the first officer rank - midshipman.
Among the 30 best graduates of the corps, he was sent to England, where he served as a volunteer in the navy until 1808 to familiarize himself with the organization of naval affairs in foreign ports. For five years he was on a continuous voyage in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1808-1813. served in the Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809. and the Patriotic War of 1812

Trip around the world

In 1813, Lieutenant Lazarev received a new assignment - to command the Suvorov sloop, setting off on a circumnavigation of the world.
The ship "Suvorov", to which Lazarev was assigned, belonged to the Russian-American company, created by Russian industrialists at the end of the 18th century. The company's goal was to improve the use of the natural resources of Russian America. The company was extremely interested in regular sea communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America and spared no expense in equipping round-the-world expeditions.
At the beginning of October 1813, preparations for the trip were completed, and at dawn on October 9, the Suvorov departed from the Kronstadt roadstead.

Swimming M.P. Lazarev on the sloop "Suvorov" in 1813-1815.

At the beginning of the journey they were met by strong winds and thick fogs, from which the Suvorov had to take refuge in the Swedish harbor of Karlskrona. Having passed the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak straits (between Denmark and the Scandinavian Peninsula) and safely avoided the attack of the French and allied Danish warships, Lazarev safely brought the Suvorov to the English Channel.
In Portsmouth the ship made a stop that lasted for three whole months. On February 27, 1814, the Suvorov departed from the Portsmouth roadstead and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira, a Portuguese colony off the coast of Africa. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. On May 24, the Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean, heading east. Then he went around Africa from the south and, following through the Indian Ocean, around Australia from the south.
On August 14, 1814, the Suvorov entered Port Jackson Bay and headed for Sydney. When approaching the harbor, the Suvorov was greeted by the thunder of an artillery salute. This is how the governor of the colony of New South Wales, which at that time belonged to the British, greeted the Russian sailors on the occasion of the final victory over Napoleon.
Moving away from Australia, the Suvorov sailed east across the Pacific Ocean, again approaching the equator. On September 28, the outlines of land appeared ahead. However, on the map available to Lazarev, there were no signs of land, and only when approaching a closer distance and examining these places, Lazarev realized that in front of him was a group of coral islands rising above the surface of the ocean and connected by coral bridges. These islands were covered with bushes and trees. Lazarev gave the newly discovered islands the name Suvorov (Suvorov Atoll).
Having completed the survey of the islands, "Suvorov" again continued its journey with a deviation to the north. On October 10, the equator was crossed.
In November, Lazarev's ship approached the center of Russian America - the port and settlement of Novo-Arkhangelsk. Here Lazarev was met by the manager of the Russian-American company A.A. Baranov, who expressed gratitude to him for the safety of the cargo entrusted to him.
For the winter, "Suvorov" remained in Novo-Arkhangelsk. After the end of the winter, the Suvorov was loaded with food and goods, and by order of A.A. Baranova Lazarev headed for one of the islands of the Aleutian group (Unalaska) and the Pribilof Islands located next to it. Having unloaded the cargo entrusted to him, he took on board furs prepared by local industrialists. Lazarev's ship was on the road for just over a month. The cargo taken on board in Unalaska was to be delivered to Kronstadt, having previously returned to Novo-Arkhangelsk.
At the end of July, "Suvorov" left Novo-Arkhangelsk. Now his path to Kronstadt lay along the coasts of North and South America, bypassing Cape Horn. Lazarev still had to make a stop in the Peruvian port of Callao to resolve a number of issues related to the affairs of the Russian-American company.
After calling at the port of San Francisco, the Suvorov moved to the shores of Peru. During the three-month stay in the port of Callao, Lazarev and his officers became acquainted with the life of the city and port.
Having passed through the Drake Passage in stormy weather and past the dangerous Cape Horn, Lazarev ordered to turn northeast into the Atlantic Ocean. He did not stop in Rio de Janeiro, but made only a short stop at the island of Fernando de Noronha. Here the damage caused by the storm was repaired on the Suvorov, and the ship headed for the shores of England. On June 8 he was already in Portsmouth, and five weeks later he returned to Kronstadt.

Journey to the South Pole

In March 1819, Lazarev was assigned to command the Mirny sloop, which was to sail to the South Pole as part of an Antarctic expedition. Lazarev took over direct supervision of all preparatory work.
On June 4, Captain 2nd Rank F.F. Bellingshausen arrived and was entrusted with both the command of the sloop “Vostok” and the leadership of the entire expedition. A month after his arrival, Vostok and Mirny left the Kronstadt roadstead and moved towards the South Pole.
"Mirny", built according to the design of Russian engineers and, moreover, sufficiently fortified by Lazarev, showed its brilliant qualities. However, the Vostok, built by British engineers, was still qualitatively inferior to the Mirny, despite all Lazarev’s efforts to make it just as durable.
For participation in the Antarctic expedition, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, bypassing the rank of captain-lieutenant.

Command of the frigate "Cruiser"

While Lazarev was on a polar expedition, the situation in the region of Russian America worsened. The actions of English and American smugglers were becoming increasingly widespread. Novo-Arkhangelsk was covered by the Apollo ship, the only military ship of the Russian-American Company, but it could not ensure the security of all Russian territorial waters in this area. Therefore, it was decided to send the 36-gun frigate “Cruiser” and the sloop “Ladoga” to the shores of Russian America. Command of the frigate was entrusted to Lazarev, and command of the Ladoga to his younger brother Andrei.
On August 17, 1822, ships under the command of Lazarev left the Kronstadt roadstead. The expedition began in severe storms, forcing Lazarev to make a stop in Portsmouth. Only in November did they manage to leave the harbor and head for the Canary Islands, and from there to the shores of Brazil. The voyage to Rio de Janeiro took place in extremely favorable conditions, but after sailing from the capital of Brazil, the elements raged again. A hurricane arose in the sea, and storms began, accompanied by snow. Only in mid-May did the Cruiser manage to approach Tasmania. Then Lazarev's frigate headed for Tahiti.
In Tahiti, the "Cruiser" met with the "Ladoga", with which it separated during storms and now, in accordance with the instructions received earlier, each ship with the cargo entrusted to it sailed on its own course. "Ladoga" - to the Kamchatka Peninsula, "Cruiser" went to the shores of Russian America.
The Cruiser spent about a year off the coast of northwestern America, protecting Russian territorial waters from smugglers. In the summer of 1824, the “Cruiser” was replaced by the sloop “Enterprise”, which arrived in Novo-Arkhangelsk under the command of Lieutenant-Commander O.E. Kotzebue. On October 16, the “Cruiser” left Novo-Arkhangelsk.
As soon as the “Cruiser” entered the open sea, the hurricane broke out again. However, Lazarev’s ship did not take refuge in San Francisco harbor, but withstood the storm on the open sea. On August 5, 1825, the “Cruiser” approached the Kronstadt roadstead.
For exemplary performance of the task, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 1st rank. But the captain of the “Cruiser” insisted that not only he and his officers receive awards, but also all the sailors of his ship, participants in the most difficult voyage.

Service in the Black Sea Fleet

February 27, 1826 M.P. Lazarev was appointed commander of the 12th naval crew and the 74-gun ship Azov, which was being built in Arkhangelsk. After the completion of construction, August 5 - September 19, 1826, M. P. Lazarev led the transition of a detachment of ships, consisting of the Azov, Ezekiel and the military transport Smirny, from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt.
June 10 - October 6, 1827, commanding the ship "Azov", made the transition from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea. Here, on October 8, 1827, being the commander of “Azov”, M.P. Lazarev took part in the Battle of Navarino. Fighting with five Turkish ships, he destroyed them: he sank two large frigates and one corvette, burned the flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced an 80-gun battleship to run aground, after which he lit and blew it up. In addition, the Azov, under the command of Lazarev, destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey.
For his participation in the Battle of Navarino, Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once (Greek - "Commander's Cross of the Savior", English - Baths and French - St. Louis, and his ship "Azov" received the St. George flag.
In 1828-1829 led the blockade of the Dardanelles; in 1830 he returned to Kronstadt and commanded a detachment of ships of the Baltic Fleet.
In 1832, Lazarev became chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. In February - June 1833, commanding a squadron, he led an expedition of the Russian fleet to the Bosphorus Strait, as a result of which the Unkyar-Iskelesi Treaty of 1833 was concluded. From 1833, he was the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the Black Sea ports, and in the summer of 1834. - Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and commander of the ports of Sevastopol and Nikolaev. That same year he was promoted to vice admiral.
Commanding the Black Sea Fleet, Lazarev became its true transformer. He introduced a completely new system of training sailors directly at sea in an environment as close as possible to combat.
The warships of the Black Sea Fleet were fully equipped and equipped with higher quality artillery. Under Lazarev, the Black Sea Fleet received more than 40 sailing ships. Lazarev also ordered 6 steam-frigates and 28 steamships for his fleet. The first iron steamship was built on the Black Sea and training began for service on steam ships.
However, Lazarev did not limit himself only to the technical re-equipment of the Black Sea Fleet. In Sevastopol, the Maritime Library was reorganized, a Meeting House was built, and a school for sailor children was opened. Under Lazarev, admiralty buildings were built in Nikolaev, Odessa, Novorossiysk, and construction of the admiralty began in Sevastopol.
Using his experience gained on long voyages, Lazarev established the work of a hydrographic depot, which begins to publish maps and atlases of the Black Sea. Lazarev’s services to Russian science were also appreciated by the Russian Geographical Society, electing him as an honorary member. He was also elected an honorary member of the Marine Scientific Committee, Kazan University and other scientific institutions.
Lazarev’s special merit is in training people who glorified the Russian fleet and Russia during the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856. Admiral Lazarev was influential as a technical specialist and mentor to young officers. He advocated equipping the Russian fleet with steam-powered ships, but the technical and economic backwardness of Russia at that time was the main obstacle to this path. He also acted as a mentor to such famous Russian naval commanders as Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin and Butakov.
Shortly before his death, on his last visit to St. Petersburg, the admiral was at a reception with Nicholas I. After the warm welcome, wanting to show the admiral his attention and respect, the sovereign said: “Old man, stay with me for dinner.” “I can’t, sir,” answered Mikhail Petrovich, “I gave my word to dine with Admiral G.” Having said this, Lazarev took out his chronometer, looked at it and, standing up impulsively, said: “I’m late, sir!” Then he kissed the puzzled emperor and quickly left the office...

In Vienna, Admiral Lazarev's illness worsened sharply. There was no hope left to save his life. Those around the admiral begged him to write a letter to the sovereign and entrust his family to him. “I have never asked anyone for anything in my life,” answered the dying Lazarev, “and now I will not ask before my death.”
He died on April 23 (11 according to the old style) April 1851. He was buried in the crypt of the Vladimir Cathedral in Sevastopol (at that moment the construction of which had just begun). His students and followers, admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, are also buried there.
Mikhail Petrovich had a son - Peter.

Perpetuating the memory of M.P. Lazarev

In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol.

Monument to Mikhail Lazarev in Sevastopol

On September 12, 1996, a monument to one of the founders of the city, Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, was unveiled in Novorossiysk.

Monument to Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev in Novorossiysk

A monument to the founders of the city, M.P., was erected in Novorossiysk. Lazarev, N.N. Raevsky and L.M. Serebryakov.
- At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.

Bust of Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev in Lazarevskoe

In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities in Russian history (as of 1862), there is the figure of M.P. Lazarev.

M.P. Lazarev at the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia” in Veliky Novgorod

In St. Petersburg, at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871, the first Russian battleship Admiral Lazarev was launched. In addition, the name “Admiral Lazarev” was assigned at different times to three more large ships of the Russian Navy: the light cruiser of the modified project “Svetlana”, later “Red Caucasus”; light cruiser project 68 bis; heavy nuclear missile cruiser of Project 1144, originally named Frunze.

Coastal defense battleship "Admiral Lazarev" on the Great Kronstadt roadstead, late 1890s.

In 1994, the Bank of Russia issued a series of commemorative coins “The First Russian Antarctic Expedition”.

Coin of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

In 2004, a memorial plaque by the sculptor Chernoglazov was installed in Vladimir.

Memorial plaque in Vladimir on house number 26 on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street

Admiral Lazarev Square is located in the northern part of the city of Vladimir, at the intersection of Tchaikovsky, Krasnoarmeyskaya and Stroiteley Avenue. It received its name in 2000 in honor of Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. An example of an unsuccessful memorial name: the place is in no way connected with the name of an outstanding person. From the point of view of urban planning, Lazarev Square is not a square, it is just a road junction.

In 2008, Aeroflot airline named one of its Airbus A320 aircraft “M” in honor of Mikhail Lazarev. Lazarev."

House of the ruler of the Vladimir governorship (house of Admiral Lazarev)

In Vladimir there is a known place where once stood the house in which the outstanding Russian naval commander, one of the discoverers of Antarctica, Admiral M.P. was born. Lazarev.
This is the house of the ruler of the Vladimir vicegerency. Once upon a time it stood on Tsaritsynskaya Street (now Manezhny Dead End), between houses 1-3. Here in 1788 his son Mikhail, the future famous Russian naval commander, was born. On the city plan of 1778, stored in the archives of the Vladimir region, the governor’s house under construction is indicated here, not far from the Lybid River. The house was wooden, with a plank roof, with an L-shaped extension along the Proezzhy ravine (now Erofeevsky Descent). After a fire in 1789, the house became very dilapidated, and the governor and his family moved to another house in 1790, more suitable for living.

Mikhail Lazarev was born on March 3, 1788 in the city of Vladimir. He was born into the family of a nobleman, Senator Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, who was a representative of a side branch of the ruler of the Vladimir governorship, the Armenian aristocratic dynasty of Ambelek-Lazarevs. Shortly before his death, in 1800, his father assigned his three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps.

In 1803, he passed the exam for the title of midshipman, becoming the third best performer out of 32 students. In December 1805 he was promoted to the first officer rank - midshipman.

Among the 30 best graduates of the corps, he was sent to Great Britain, where he served in the navy until 1808 to become familiar with the organization of naval affairs in foreign ports. For five years he was on a continuous voyage in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1808-1813 he served in the Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Russian-Swedish 1808-1809 and the Patriotic War of 1812.

In 1813, Lieutenant Lazarev received a new assignment - to command the frigate Suvorov, setting off on a voyage around the world.

The ship "Suvorov", to which Lazarev was assigned, belonged to the Russian-American company, created by Russian industrialists at the end of the 18th century. The company's goal was to improve the use of the natural resources of Russian America. The company was extremely interested in regular sea communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America and spared no expense in equipping round-the-world expeditions.

At the beginning of October 1813, preparations for the trip were completed, and at dawn on October 9, the Suvorov departed from the Kronstadt roadstead.

In Portsmouth the ship made a stopover that lasted three months. On February 27, 1814, the Suvorov left Portsmouth and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered Rio de Janeiro Bay. On May 24, the Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean, heading east. Then he went around Africa from the south and, following through the Indian Ocean, around Australia from the south.

In 1814, on August 14, the Suvorov entered Port Jackson Bay and headed for Sydney. When approaching the harbor, the Suvorov was greeted by the thunder of an artillery salute. This is how the governor of the colony of New South Wales, which at that time belonged to the British, greeted the Russian sailors on the occasion of the final victory over Napoleon.

From Australia, the Suvorov sailed east across the Pacific Ocean, again approaching the equator. On September 28, the outlines of land appeared ahead. However, on the map available to Lazarev, there were no signs of land, and only when approaching a closer distance and examining these places, Lazarev realized that in front of him was a group of coral islands rising above the surface of the ocean and connected by coral bridges. These islands were covered with bushes and trees. Lazarev gave the newly discovered islands the name of Suvorov.

Having completed the survey of the islands, "Suvorov" again continued its journey with a deviation to the north. On October 10, the equator was crossed.

In November, Lazarev's ship approached the center of Russian America - the port and settlement of Novo-Arkhangelsk. Here Lazarev was met by the manager of the Russian-American company A.A. Baranov, who expressed gratitude to him for the safety of the cargo entrusted to him.

For the winter, "Suvorov" remained in Novo-Arkhangelsk. After the end of the winter, “Suvorov” was loaded with food and goods, and by order of A.A. Baranov, Lazarev headed for one of the islands of the Aleutian group and the Pribilof Islands located next to it. Having unloaded the cargo entrusted to him, he took on board furs prepared by local industrialists. Lazarev's ship was on the road for just over a month. The cargo taken on board in Unalaska was to be delivered to Kronstadt, having previously returned to Novo-Arkhangelsk.

At the end of July, "Suvorov" left Novo-Arkhangelsk. Now his path to Kronstadt lay along the coasts of North and South America, bypassing Cape Horn. Lazarev still had to make a stop in the Peruvian port of Callao to resolve a number of issues related to the affairs of the Russian-American company.

After calling at the port of San Francisco, the Suvorov moved to the shores of Peru. During the three-month stay in the port of Callao, Lazarev and his officers became acquainted with the life of the city and port.

Having passed through the Drake Passage in stormy weather and past the dangerous Cape Horn, Lazarev ordered to turn northeast into the Atlantic Ocean. He did not stop in Rio de Janeiro, but made only a short stop at the island of Fernando de Noronha. Here the damage caused by the storm was repaired on the Suvorov, and the ship headed for the shores of England. On June 8 he was already in Portsmouth, and five weeks later he returned to Kronstadt.

In March 1819, Lazarev was assigned to command the frigate Mirny, which was to sail to the South Pole as part of an Antarctic expedition. Lazarev took over direct supervision of all preparatory work.

In June, Captain 2nd Rank F.F. Bellingshausen arrived, who was entrusted with both the command of the frigate “Vostok” and the leadership of the entire expedition. A month after his arrival, Vostok and Mirny left the Kronstadt roadstead and moved towards the South Pole.

"Mirny", built according to the design of Russian naval engineers and, moreover, sufficiently fortified by Lazarev, showed its brilliant qualities. However, the Vostok, built by British engineers, was still qualitatively inferior to the Mirny, despite all Lazarev’s efforts to make it just as durable.

For participation in the Antarctic expedition, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, bypassing the rank of captain-lieutenant.

In 1822, on August 17, ships under the command of Lazarev left the Kronstadt roadstead. The expedition began in severe storms, forcing Lazarev to make a stop in Portsmouth. Only in November did they manage to leave the harbor and head for the Canary Islands, and from there to the shores of Brazil. The voyage to Rio de Janeiro took place in extremely favorable conditions, but after sailing from the capital of Brazil, the elements raged again. A hurricane arose in the sea, and storms began, accompanied by snow. Only in mid-May did the Cruiser manage to approach Tasmania. Then Lazarev's frigate headed for Tahiti.

In Tahiti, the "Cruiser" met with the "Ladoga", with which it separated during storms and now, in accordance with the instructions received earlier, each ship with the cargo entrusted to it sailed on its own course. "Ladoga" - to the Kamchatka Peninsula, "Cruiser" went to the shores of Russian America.

The Cruiser spent about a year off the coast of northwestern America, protecting Russian territorial waters from smugglers. In the summer of 1824, the “Cruiser” was replaced by the sloop “Enterprise”, which arrived in Novo-Arkhangelsk under the command of Lieutenant Commander O.E. Kotzebue. On October 16, the “Cruiser” left Novo-Arkhangelsk.

As soon as the “Cruiser” entered the open sea, the hurricane broke out again. However, Lazarev’s ship did not take refuge in San Francisco harbor, but withstood the storm on the open sea. On August 5, 1825, the “Cruiser” approached the Kronstadt roadstead.

For exemplary performance of the task, Lazarev was promoted to captain 1st rank. But the captain of the “Cruiser” insisted that not only he and his officers receive awards, but also all the sailors of his ship, participants in the most difficult voyage.

In 1826, on February 27, M.P. Lazarev was appointed commander of the 12th naval crew and the 74-gun ship "Azov" being built in Arkhangelsk. After the completion of construction, August 5 - September 19, 1826, M.P. Lazarev led the transition of a detachment of ships, consisting of the Azov, Ezekiel and the military transport Smirny, from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt.

Commanding the ship "Azov" from June 10 to October 6, 1827, he made the transition from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea. Here, on October 8, 1827, as the commander of "Azov", M.P. Lazarev took part in the Battle of Navarino. Fighting with five Turkish ships, he destroyed them: he sank two large frigates and one corvette, burned the flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced an 80-gun battleship to run aground, and then set it on fire and blew it up. In addition, the Azov, under the command of Lazarev, destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey.

For his participation in the Battle of Navarino, Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once.

In 1828-1829 he led the blockade of the Dardanelles; in 1830 he returned to Kronstadt and commanded a detachment of ships of the Baltic Fleet.

In 1832, Lazarev became chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. In February - June 1833, commanding a squadron, he led an expedition of the Russian fleet to the Bosporus Strait, as a result of which the Unkyar-Iskelesi Treaty of 1833 was concluded. From 1833 - chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports, military governor of Nikolaev and Sevastopol. That same year he was promoted to vice admiral.

Commanding the Black Sea Fleet, Lazarev became its true transformer. He introduced a completely new system of training sailors directly at sea in an environment as close as possible to combat.

The warships of the Black Sea Fleet were fully equipped and equipped with higher quality artillery. Under Lazarev, the Black Sea Fleet received more than 40 sailing ships. Lazarev also ordered 6 steam-frigates and 28 steamships for his fleet. The first iron steamship was built on the Black Sea and training began for service on steam ships.

However, Lazarev did not limit himself only to the technical re-equipment of the Black Sea Fleet. In Sevastopol, the Maritime Library was reorganized, a Meeting House was built, and a school for sailor children was opened. Under Lazarev, admiralty buildings were built in Nikolaev, Odessa, Novorossiysk, and construction of the admiralty began in Sevastopol.

Using his experience gained on long voyages, Lazarev established the work of a hydrographic depot, which begins to publish maps and atlases of the Black Sea. Lazarev’s services to Russian science were also appreciated by the Russian Geographical Society, electing him as an honorary member. He was also elected an honorary member of the Marine Scientific Committee, Kazan University and other scientific institutions.

Lazarev’s special merit is in training people who glorified the Russian fleet and Russia during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. Admiral Lazarev was influential as a technical specialist and mentor to young officers. He advocated equipping the Russian fleet with steam-powered ships, but the technical and economic backwardness of Russia at that time was the main obstacle to this path. He also acted as a mentor to such famous Russian naval commanders as Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin and Butakov.

In December 1850 he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.

Shortly before his death from stomach cancer, on his last visit to St. Petersburg, the admiral was at a reception with Nicholas I. After a warm welcome, wanting to show the admiral his attention and respect, the sovereign said: “Old man, stay with me for dinner.” “I can’t, sir,” answered Mikhail Petrovich, “I gave my word to dine with Admiral G.” Having said this, Lazarev took out his chronometer, looked at it and, standing up impulsively, said: “I’m late, sir!” Then he kissed the puzzled emperor and quickly left the office...

In Vienna, Admiral Lazarev's illness worsened sharply. There was no hope left to save his life. Those around the admiral begged him to write a letter to the sovereign and entrust his family to him.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev died on April 11, 1851. He was buried in the crypt of the Vladimir Cathedral in the city of Sevastopol. His students and followers, admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, are also buried there.

Biography

early years

Born into the noble family of Senator Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, ruler of the Vladimir governorship. Shortly before his death, the senator assigned three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps.

Trip around the world

Voyage of M.P. Lazarev on the sloop "Suvorov" in 1813 - 1815.

In Portsmouth the ship made a stop that lasted for three whole months. On February 27, the Suvorov departed from the Portsmouth roadstead and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira, a Portuguese colony off the coast of Africa. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. On May 24, Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean.

Shortly before his death, on his last visit to St. Petersburg, the admiral was at a reception with Nicholas I. After the warm welcome, wanting to show the admiral his attention and respect, the sovereign said: “Old man, stay with me for dinner.” “I can’t, sir,” answered Mikhail Petrovich, “I gave my word to dine with Admiral G.” Having said this, Lazarev took out his chronometer, looked at it and, standing up impulsively, said: “I’m late, sir!” Then he kissed the puzzled emperor and quickly left the office...

In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol,
At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.
In St. Petersburg, the first Russian battleship Admiral Lazarev was launched at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871.

Titles

Currently, the following are named in honor of Lazarev:

district of Sochi - Lazarevskoye
an atoll in the Russian Islands group in the Pacific Ocean
island in the Aral Sea
capes:
- in the northern part of the island. Unimak
bay and port in the Sea of Japan

Lazarev Square in Sevastopol

Links

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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev ... Wikipedia

Admiral, Adjutant General; genus. November 3, 1788, d. April 11, 1851 Son of the ruler of the Vladimir governorship, P. Le Havre. Lazarev (d. 1800), brother of Vice Admiral A.P. Lazarev. He received his education in the Naval Cadet Corps; May 23, 1803... Large biographical encyclopedia

Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich- Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788 1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813, 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819, 21 commanded the sloop “Mirny” in the expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen,... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). Born into a noble family. In 1800 he entered the Naval Cadet Corps, in 1803 he was sent to the English fleet, where... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich- (17881851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843), adjutant general (1833). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803) in St. Petersburg. In 181316, on the ship “Suvorov” he made the first circumnavigation of the world from Kronstadt to the shores of Alaska and back; V … Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

- (1788 1851) Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813, 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819, 21 (commander of Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica. During the defeat of the Turks in Navarino... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich admiral of the Russian fleet (1788 1851). After completing the course in the naval corps, he served in England as a volunteer. From 1813 to 1816 he lived in Sitkha; spent more than 2 years (1819-1821) on Bellingshausen’s scientific expedition, during which... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (1788 1851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843), adjutant general (1833). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803) in St. Petersburg. In 1813, 16 on the ship "Suvorov" made the first circumnavigation of the world from Kronstadt to the shores of Alaska and back; V… … St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

- (1788 1851), naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843). In 1813 25 made 3 voyages around the world, including in 1819 21 (commander of the Mirny) in the expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen, which discovered Antarctica. During the defeat of the Turks in the Battle of Navarino... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich- LA/ZAREV Mikhail Petrovich (1788 1851) Russian naval commander and navigator, discoverer of Antarctica (1820), admiral (1843). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1803). In 1803 1808 served as a volunteer on the ships of the English fleet. In 1808 1812... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

At the beginning of the 19th century. ships of the Russian fleet made a number of trips around the world.
These expeditions enriched world science with major geographical discoveries, especially in the Pacific Ocean. However, the vast expanses of the Southern Hemisphere still remained a “blank spot” on the map.

In 1819, after long and very careful preparation, a south polar expedition set off from Kronstadt on a long voyage, consisting of two military sloops - “Vostok” and “Mirny”. The first was commanded by Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen, the second by Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev.
The crew of the ships consisted of experienced, experienced sailors.

1. Admiral Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen,
at birth Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen
(German: Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen)

The Maritime Ministry appointed Captain Bellingshausen, who already had extensive experience in long-distance sea voyages, as head of the expedition.

Bellingshausen was born on the island of Ezel (the island of Sarema in the Estonian SSR) in 1779. “I was born in the middle of the sea,” he later said about himself, “just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”

The boy was ten years old when he was sent to study at the Naval Cadet Corps in Kronstadt. As a cadet, young Bellingshausen sailed to the shores of England during summer practice. After graduating from the Marine Corps at age 18, he received the rank of midshipman.

In 1803-1806, the young sailor took part in the first Russian trip around the world on the ship Nadezhda under the command of the talented and experienced navigator I. F. Krusenstern. During the expedition, Bellingshausen was mainly engaged in mapping and astronomical observations.

Commander of the sloop "Mirny" M. P. Lazarev born in 1788 in the Vladimir province. Together with his two brothers, he also entered the Marine Corps. During his training, he visited the sea for the first time and fell in love with it forever.

2. Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

Lazarev was appointed commander of the Suvorov ship. The Russians' circumnavigation of the world enriched geographical science with new discoveries. In the Pacific Ocean, Lazarev discovered a group of unknown islands, which he named after Suvorov.

On July 16, 1819, the ships “Vostok” and “Mirny”, which made up the “Southern Division”, weighed anchor and left their native Kronstadt roadstead amid the fireworks of artillery coastal batteries. There was a long journey ahead to unknown countries. The expedition was given the task of how to penetrate further to the south in order to finally resolve the question of the existence of the Southern Continent.

In the large English port of Portsmouth, Bellingshausen stayed for almost a month to replenish provisions, purchase chronometers and various seafaring instruments.

In early autumn, with a fair wind, the ships headed across the Atlantic Ocean to the shores of Brazil. The weather was favorable for swimming. Rare and weak storms did not disrupt the routine of life on ships. From the very first days of the voyage, scientific observations were carried out,
which Bellingshausen and his assistants carefully and in detail entered into the logbook.

Every day, under the guidance of prof. Kazan University astronomer Simonov officers were engaged in astronomical observations and calculations of the geographical position of the ship.

After 21 days of sailing, the sloops approached the island of Tenerife. While the ship's crews stocked up on fresh water and provisions, the officers explored the mountainous, picturesque island.

Further sailing took place in the zone of constant northeastern trade winds under a cloudless sky. The progress of sailing ships has accelerated significantly. Having reached 10° N. sh., the sloops entered a zone of calm, usual for equatorial places. Sailors measured air and water temperatures at different depths, studied currents and collected collections of marine animals. The ships crossed the equator, and soon, with a favorable southeast trade wind, the sloops approached Brazil and anchored in a beautiful, convenient bay, on the shores of which the city of Rio de Janeiro lies.

Having stocked up on provisions and checked their chronometers, the ships left Rio de Janeiro, heading south to unknown areas of the polar ocean.

In the temperate zone of the southern Atlantic Ocean, coolness began to be felt in the air, although the southern summer had already begun. The further south you went, the more birds you encountered, especially petrels. Whales swam past in large herds.

At the end of December 1819, the sloops approached South Georgia Island. The sailors began to describe and photograph its southern coast. The northern side of this mountainous island, covered with snow and ice, was mapped by the English navigator James Cook. The ships slowly moved forward, very carefully maneuvering among the floating ice.

Then the expedition encountered the first floating “ice island.” The further south we went, the more often giant ice mountains - icebergs - began to appear on our way.

At the beginning of January 1820, sailors discovered an unknown island completely covered with snow and ice. The next day, two more islands were seen from the ship. They were also put on the map, named after the expedition members (Leskov and Zavadovsky). Zavadovsky Island turned out to be an active volcano with a height of more than 350 m. Having landed on the shore, members of the expedition climbed the slope of the volcano to the middle of the mountain. Along the way, we collected penguin eggs and rock samples. There were a lot of penguins here.

The open group of islands was named after the then Minister of the Navy - the Traverse Islands.
On ships making long voyages, people usually suffered from a lack of fresh fresh water. During this voyage, Russian sailors invented a way to obtain fresh water from the ice of icebergs.

Moving further and further south, the ships soon again encountered a small group of unknown rocky islands, which they called the Candlemas Islands. Then the expedition approached the Sandwich Islands discovered by the English explorer James Cook. It turned out that Cook mistook the archipelago for one large island. Russian sailors corrected this error on the map.
Bellingshausen called the entire group of open islands the South Sandwich Islands.

Foggy, cloudy weather made sailing very difficult. The ships were constantly in danger of running aground.
With every mile to the south it became more and more difficult to get through the ice. At the end of January 1820, sailors saw thick broken ice stretching to the horizon. It was decided to bypass it by turning sharply north. Again the sloops passed the South Sandwich Islands.

On some Antarctic islands, sailors encountered huge numbers of penguins and elephant seals. The penguins usually stood in a tight formation, the elephant seals were immersed in deep sleep. Masses of perennial solid ice were found everywhere.

The expedition's ships nevertheless crossed the Antarctic Circle and on January 28, 1820 reached 69°25′ S. w. In the foggy haze of a cloudy day, the travelers saw an ice wall blocking their further path to the south. These were continental ices. The expedition members were sure that the Southern Continent was hidden behind them. This was confirmed by the many polar birds that appeared above the sloop. And indeed, only a few miles separated the ships from the coast of Antarctica, which the Norwegians called the coast of Princess Martha more than a hundred years later.

In 1948, the Soviet whaling flotilla "Slava" visited these places, establishing that only poor visibility prevented Bellingshausen from clearly seeing the entire coast of Antarctica and even the mountain peaks in the interior of the continent.

In February 1820, the sloops entered the Indian Ocean. Trying to break through to the south from this side, they approached the shores of Antarctica two more times. But heavy ice conditions forced the ships to move north again and move east along the ice edge.

In March, with the onset of autumn, the nights became longer, frosts intensified, and storms became more frequent. Navigation among the ice became more and more dangerous, as the general fatigue of the team from the continuous harsh struggle with the elements was taking its toll. Then Bellingshausen decided to take the ships to Australia. In order to cover a wider area with research, the captain decided to send the sloops to Australia in different ways.

In mid-April, the sloop Vostok dropped anchor in the Australian harbor of the port of Jaxoi (now Sydney). Seven days later, the sloop Mirny arrived here. Thus ended the first period of research.

Throughout the winter months, the sloops sailed in the tropical Pacific Ocean, among the islands of Polynesia. Here the expedition members carried out many important geographical works: they clarified the position of the islands and their outlines, determined the height of the mountains, discovered and mapped them
a map of 15 islands that were given Russian names.

Returning to Zhaksoi, the crews of the sloops began to prepare for a new voyage to the polar seas. The preparation took about two months. In mid-November, the expedition set out to sea again, heading southeast.

Floating ice floes began to come across on the way, and then solid ice appeared. The ships headed east along the ice edge. The weather was noticeably deteriorating: the temperature was dropping, a cold gusty wind was driving dark snow clouds.
The abundance of floating ice and bad weather prevented advance to the south. The further the sloops moved, the more often icebergs were encountered.

Navigating between icebergs in strong winds and snow required enormous effort and great skill.
At the slightest opportunity, the ships again and again turned straight south and sailed until solid ice blocked the path.

Finally, on January 22, 1821, happiness smiled on the sailors. A black spot appeared on the horizon.
The island was named after Peter I. Now Bellingshausen was sure that there must still be land somewhere nearby.

Finally his expectations were realized. On January 29, 1821, Bellingshausen wrote: “At 11 o’clock in the morning we saw the shore; its cape, extending to the north, ended in a high mountain, which is separated by an isthmus from other mountains.” Bellingshausen called this land the Coast of Alexander 1.

The land of Alexander 1 is still insufficiently explored. Its discovery finally convinced Bellingshausen that the Russian expedition had approached the still unknown Southern Continent.
This is how the greatest geographical discovery of the 19th century took place.

Having solved the centuries-old mystery, the sailors decided to go northeast to explore the South Shetland Islands. Having completed work on surveying their southern coast, the sailors were forced to urgently go north: every day the flow intensified in the storm-battered
ships. And Bellingshausen sent them to Rio de Janeiro.

At the beginning of March 1821, the sloops anchored in the roadstead of Rio de Janeiro. Thus ended the second stage of the voyage.
Two months later, after thorough repairs, the ships went to sea, heading towards their native shores.

On August 5, 1821, “Vostok” and “Mirny” arrived in Kronstadt and dropped anchor in the same place from which they left more than two years ago.

They spent 751 days sailing and covered more than 92 thousand km. This distance is two and a quarter times the length of the equator. In addition to Antarctica, the expedition discovered 29 islands and one coral reef. The scientific materials she collected made it possible to compile the first
idea of Antarctica.

Russian sailors not only discovered a huge continent located around the South Pole, but also conducted important research in the field of oceanography. This branch of science was just in its infancy at that time. F. F. Bellingshausen was the first to correctly explain the reasons causing
sea currents (for example, the Canary Islands), the origin of algae in the Sargasso Sea, as well as coral islands in tropical areas.

The discoveries of the expedition turned out to be a major achievement of Russian and world geographical science of that time.

In recognition of the services of Russian navigators, one of the southern polar moraines was named the Bellingshausen Sea.

The following are named after Bellingshausen:
- Bellingshausen Sea in the Pacific Ocean,
- cape on Sakhalin
- an island in the Tuamotu archipelago,
- Thaddeus Islands and Thaddeus Bay in the Laptev Sea,
- Bellingshausen glacier,
- lunar crater
- scientific polar station Bellingshausen in Antarctica.
In 1870, a monument to him was erected in Kronstadt.
In 1994, the Bank of Russia issued a series of commemorative coins “The First Russian Antarctic Expedition”.

5.Monument to Admiral Bellingshausen in Kronstadt

In honor of Lazarev:
- In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol,
- At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.
- In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among the 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities in Russian history (as of 1862), there is the figure of M. P. Lazarev.
- In St. Petersburg, at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871, the first Russian battleship “Admiral Lazarev” was launched.
- In 1994, the Bank of Russia issued a series of commemorative coins “The First Russian Antarctic Expedition”.

7. M.P. Lazarev at the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia” in Veliky Novgorod

8. Monument to Admiral P.M. Lazarev in the city of Novorossiysk

9. USSR stamp, 1987

10. USSR postal envelope, 1962

11. Coin of the Bank of Russia - “Geographical Series”, 1994

The following were named in honor of Lazarev:
- area of the city of Sochi - Lazarevskoye
- an atoll in the group of Russian islands in the Pacific Ocean
- island in the Aral Sea
- capes:
* in the Amur Estuary
* in the northern part of the island. Unimak
- bay and port in the Sea of Japan
- bay in the Southern Ocean
- mountain range in Antarctica
- two Antarctic stations:
* Lazarev
* Novolazarevskaya
- trench in Antarctica
- street in the South Butovo district of Moscow
- street in Lipetsk.
- Lazarev Square in Sevastopol and Vladimir
- Lazarev Street in the Lazarevsky district of Sochi
- Admiral Lazarev Embankment in St. Petersburg



Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Russian Empire, Vladimir
Date of death:
A place of death:	Austrian Empire, Vienna

Type of army:
	Admiral Adjutant General
Commanded:	Black Sea Fleet
Battles/wars:	Russian-Swedish War Patriotic War of 1812 Battle of Navarino

early years

Trip around the world

Journey to the South Pole

Service in the Black Sea Fleet

Addresses in St. Petersburg

In philately

In geographical objects

(November 3 (14), 1788, Vladimir - April 11 (23), 1851, Vienna, buried in Sevastopol) - Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral (1843), holder of the Order of St. George IV class for long service (1817), commander Black Sea Fleet and discoverer of Antarctica. Brother of Vice Admiral Andrei Petrovich Lazarev.

Biography

early years

Born into the noble family of Senator Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, ruler of the Vladimir governorship. Shortly before his death, in 1800, the senator assigned three sons - Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei - to the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1803, he passed the exam for the title of midshipman, becoming the third best performer out of 32 students. In December 1805 he was promoted to the first officer rank - midshipman. Among the 30 best graduates of the corps, he was sent to England, where he served as a volunteer in the navy until 1808 to familiarize himself with the organization of naval affairs in foreign ports. For five years he was on a continuous voyage in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In 1808-1813 he served in the Baltic Fleet. Participated in the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809 and the Patriotic War of 1812.

Trip around the world

In 1813, Lieutenant Lazarev received a new assignment - to command the Suvorov sloop, setting off on a circumnavigation around the globe. The ship "Suvorov", to which Lazarev was assigned, belonged to the Russian-American company, created by Russian industrialists at the end of the 18th century. The company's goal was to improve the use of the natural resources of Russian America. The company was extremely interested in regular sea communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America and spared no expense in equipping round-the-world expeditions. At the beginning of October 1813, preparations for the trip were completed, and at dawn on October 9, the Suvorov departed from the Kronstadt roadstead.

In Portsmouth the ship made a stop that lasted for three whole months. On February 27, 1814, the Suvorov departed from the Portsmouth roadstead and headed south. Two weeks later, Lazarev’s ship was already approaching the island of Madeira, a Portuguese colony off the coast of Africa. On April 2, the Suvorov crossed the equator, and on the evening of April 21, it entered the Bay of Rio de Janeiro. On May 24, Suvorov left Rio de Janeiro and entered the Atlantic Ocean. On August 14, the Suvorov entered Port Jackson, which belonged to the British. When approaching the harbor, the Suvorov was greeted by the thunder of an artillery salute, with which the governor of the island greeted the Russian sailors on the occasion of the final victory over Napoleon. "Suvorov" sailed across the Pacific Ocean, again approaching the equator. On September 28, the outlines of land appeared ahead. However, on the map at Lazarev’s disposal, there were no signs of land, and only when approaching a closer distance and examining these places, Lazarev realized that in front of him was a group of coral islands rising above the surface of the ocean and interconnected by coral bridges . These islands were covered with bushes and trees. Lazarev gave the newly discovered islands the name Suvorov (Suvorov Atoll). Having completed the survey of the islands, "Suvorov" again continued its journey to the north. On October 10, the equator was crossed. In November, Lazarev’s ship approached the center of Russian America - the port and settlement of Novo-Arkhangelsk. Here Lazarev was met by the manager of the Russian-American company A. A. Baranov, who expressed gratitude to him for the safety of the cargo entrusted to him. For the winter, "Suvorov" remained in Novo-Arkhangelsk. After the end of the winter, “Suvorov” was loaded with food and goods, and by order of A. A. Baranov, Lazarev headed for one of the islands of the Aleutian group (Unalaska) and the Pribilof Islands located next to it. Having unloaded the cargo entrusted to him, he took on board furs prepared by local industrialists. Lazarev's ship was on the road for just over a month. The cargo taken on board in Unalaska was to be delivered to Kronstadt, having first returned to Novo-Arkhangelsk.

Having passed through the Drake Passage in stormy weather and past the dangerous Cape Horn, Lazarev ordered to turn northeast into the Atlantic Ocean. He did not stop in Rio de Janeiro, but made only a short stop at the island of Fernando de Noronha. Here the damage caused by the storm was repaired on the Suvorov, and the ship sailed to the shores of England. On June 8 he was already in Portsmouth, and five weeks later he returned to Kronstadt.

Journey to the South Pole

In March 1819, Lazarev was assigned to command the Mirny sloop, which was to sail to the South Pole as part of an Antarctic expedition. Lazarev took over direct supervision of all preparatory work.

On June 4, Captain 2nd Rank F.F. Bellingshausen arrived and was entrusted with both the command of the second sloop “Vostok” and the leadership of the entire expedition.

A month after his arrival, Vostok and Mirny left the Kronstadt roadstead and moved towards the South Pole.

"Mirny", built according to the design of Russian engineers and, moreover, sufficiently fortified by Lazarev, showed its brilliant qualities. However, the Vostok, built by British engineers, despite all Lazarev’s efforts to make it as durable as the Mirny, was still qualitatively inferior to the second sloop. This was one of the reasons that we had to stop exploring the South Pole and begin preparations for returning to Kronstadt. For his participation in the Antarctic expedition, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank, bypassing the rank of captain-lieutenant.

Command of the frigate "Cruiser"

While Lazarev was on a polar expedition, the situation in the region of Russian America worsened. The actions of English and American smugglers were becoming increasingly widespread. Novo-Arkhangelsk was covered by the Apollo ship, the only military ship of the Russian-American company, but it could not ensure the security of all Russian territorial waters in this area. Therefore, it was decided to send the 36-gun frigate “Cruiser” and the sloop “Ladoga” to the shores of Russian America. Command of the frigate was entrusted to Lazarev, and command of the Ladoga was entrusted to his younger brother Andrei. On August 17, 1822, ships under the command of Lazarev left the Kronstadt roadstead. The expedition began in the conditions of severe storms, forcing Lazarev to make a stop in Portsmouth. Only in November did they manage to leave the harbor and head for the Canary Islands, and from there to the shores of Brazil. The voyage to Rio de Janeiro took place in extremely favorable conditions, but after sailing from the capital of Brazil, the elements raged again. A hurricane arose in the sea, and storms began, accompanied by snow. Only in mid-May did the Cruiser manage to approach Tasmania. Then Lazarev's frigate headed for Tahiti. In Tahiti, the "Cruiser" met with the "Ladoga", with which it separated during storms and now, in accordance with the instructions received earlier, each ship with the cargo entrusted to it sailed on its own course. "Ladoga" - to the Kamchatka Peninsula, "Cruiser" went to the shores of Russian America. The Cruiser spent about a year off the coast of northwestern America, protecting Russian territorial waters from smugglers. In the summer of 1824, the “Cruiser” was replaced by the sloop “Enterprise”, which arrived in Novo-Arkhangelsk under the command of Lieutenant Commander O. E. Kotzebue. On October 16, the “Cruiser” left Novo-Arkhangelsk. As soon as the “Cruiser” entered the open sea, the hurricane broke out again. However, Lazarev’s ship did not take refuge in San Francisco harbor, but withstood the storm on the open sea. On August 5, 1825, the “Cruiser” approached the Kronstadt roadstead. For exemplary performance of the task, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 1st rank. But the captain of the “Cruiser” insisted that not only he and his officers receive awards, but also all the sailors of his ship, participants in the most difficult voyage.

Service in the Black Sea Fleet

The following year, Lazarev was appointed commander of the 12th naval crew. He was entrusted with personal supervision of the construction of the warship Azov in Arkhangelsk. After completion of construction, Lazarev was appointed commander of the Azov, and after a detachment of ships moved from Arkhangelsk to Kronstadt, a new assignment awaited him. Lazarev was transferred to the Black Sea and then to the Mediterranean Sea. Here in 1827, commanding the Azov, M.P. Lazarev took part in the Battle of Navarino. Fighting with five Turkish ships, he destroyed them: he sank two large frigates and one corvette, burned the flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced an 80-gun battleship to run aground, after which he lit and blew it up. In addition, the Azov, under the command of Lazarev, destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey.

For his participation in the Battle of Navarino, Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once (Greek - "Commander's Cross of the Savior", English - Baths and French - St. Louis, and his ship "Azov" received the St. George flag.

In 1828-1829 he led the blockade of the Dardanelles; in 1830 he returned to Kronstadt and commanded a detachment of ships of the Baltic Fleet.

In 1832, Lazarev became chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. In February - June 1833, commanding a squadron, he led the expedition of the Russian fleet to the Bosporus Strait, as a result of which the Unkyar-Iskelesi Treaty of 1833 was concluded. From 1833 - chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the ports of the Black Sea, and in the summer of 1834 - commander of the Black Sea Fleet and commander of the ports of Sevastopol and Nikolaev. That same year he was promoted to vice admiral.

Commanding the Black Sea Fleet, Lazarev became its true transformer. He introduced a completely new system of training sailors directly at sea in an environment as close as possible to combat.

However, Lazarev did not limit himself only to the technical re-equipment of the Black Sea Fleet. In Sevasto-Pole, the Maritime Library was reorganized, a Meeting House was built, and a school for sailor children was opened. Under Lazarev, admiralty buildings were built in Nikolaev, Odessa, Novorossiysk, and construction of the admiralty began in Sevastopol.

Using his experience gained on long voyages, Lazarev established the work of a hydrographic depot, which began to publish maps and atlases of the Black Sea. Lazarev’s services to Russian science were also appreciated by the Russian Geographical Society, electing him as an honorary member. He was also elected an honorary member of the Marine Scientific Committee, Kazan University and other scientific institutions.

Lazarev’s special merit is in training people who glorified the Russian fleet and Russia during the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856. Admiral Lazarev was influential as a technical specialist and mentor to young officers. He advocated equipping the Russian fleet with steam-powered ships, but the technical and economic backwardness of Russia at that time was the main obstacle to this path. He also acted as a mentor to such famous Russian naval commanders as Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin and Butakov.

He was buried in the crypt of the Vladimir Cathedral in Sevastopol (at that moment the construction of which had just begun). His students and followers, admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, are also buried there.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

1813-1827 - Kronstadt, Galkina street (current Proletarskaya), 30.

Perpetuating the memory of M. P. Lazarev

In 1867, a monument to Mikhail Lazarev was erected in Sevastopol.
On September 12, 1996, a monument to one of the founders of the city, Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, was unveiled in Novorossiysk.
In Novorossiysk, a monument was erected to the founders of the city M. P. Lazarev, N. N. Raevsky and L. M. Serebryakov.
At the Lazarevskaya railway station (Lazarevsky district of Sochi) a bust of Admiral Lazarev was erected.
In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among the 129 figures of the most outstanding personalities in Russian history (as of 1862), there is the figure of M. P. Lazarev.
In St. Petersburg, the first Russian battleship Admiral Lazarev was launched at the Baltic Shipyard in 1871.
In 1994, the Bank of Russia issued a series of commemorative coins “The First Russian Antarctic Expedition”.

In philately

In geographical objects

Currently, the following are named in honor of Lazarev:

district of the city of Sochi - Lazarevskoye;
an atoll in the Russian Islands group in the Pacific Ocean;
island in the Aral Sea;
capes:

in the Amur Estuary;
in the northern part of the island. Unimak;

bay and port in the Sea of Japan;
bay in the Southern Ocean;
mountain range in Antarctica;
Lazarev Ice Shelf;
two Antarctic stations:

Lazarev;
Novolazarevskaya;

trench in Antarctica;
street in the Yuzhnoye Butovo district of Moscow;
street in Lipetsk;
Lazarev Square in Sevastopol and Vladimir;
Lazarev Street in the Lazarevsky district of Sochi;
Admiral Lazarev Embankment in St. Petersburg;
Lazarevsky Lane in Kronstadt.